The DOI matches its Crossref record; 15 of the 15 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A mutant herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase reporter gene shows improved sensitivity for imaging reporter gene expression with positron emission tomography
Open accessAbstract
We are developing assays for noninvasive, quantitative imaging of reporter genes with positron emission tomography (PET), for application both in animal models and in human gene therapy. We report here a method to improve the detection of lower levels of PET reporter gene expression by utilizing a mutant herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase (HSV1-sr39tk) as a PET reporter gene. The HSV1-sr39tk mutant was identified from a library of site-directed mutants. Accumulation (net uptake) of the radioactively labeled substrates [8- 3 H]penciclovir ([8- 3 H]PCV), and 8-[ 18 F]fluoropenciclovir (FPCV) in C6 rat glioma cells expressing HSV1-sr39tk is increased by a factor of ≈2.0 when compared with C6 cells expressing wild-type HSV1-tk. The increased imaging sensitivity of HSV1-sr39tk when FPCV is used is also demonstrated in vivo both with tumor cells stably transfected with either HSV1-tk or HSV1-sr39tk, and after hepatic delivery of HSV1-tk or HSV1-sr39tk by using adenoviral vectors. The use of HSV1-sr39tk as a PET reporter gene and FPCV as a PET reporter probe results in significantly enhanced sensitivity for imaging reporter gene expression in vivo .
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
High-resolution 3D Bayesian image reconstruction using the microPET small-animal scanner
Qi, J., Leahy, R. M., Cherry, S. R., Chatziioannou, A., & Farquhar, T. H. (1998) · Physics in Medicine and Biology · doi:10.1088/0031-9155/43/4/027 · Cited by 635
Application of annihilation coincidence detection to transaxial reconstruction tomography.
Phelps, M. E., Hoffman, E. J., Mullani, N. A., & Ter‐Pogossian, M. M. (1975) · PubMed · Cited by 618
Self-citationMicroPET: a high resolution PET scanner for imaging small animals
Cherry, S. R., Shao, Y., Silverman, R. W., Meadors, K., Siegel, S., Chatziioannou, A., Young, J. W., Jones, W., Moyers, J. C., Newport, D., et al. (1997) · IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science · doi:10.1109/23.596981 · Cited by 609
Self-citationBioluminescent indicators in living mammals
Contag, P. R., Olomu, I. N., Stevenson, D. K., & Contag, C. H. (1998) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm0298-245 · Cited by 517
Gambhir, S. S., Barrio, J. R., Phelps, M. E., Iyer, M., Namavari, M., Satyamurthy, N., Wu, L., Green, L. A., Bauer, E., MacLaren, D. C., et al. (1999) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.96.5.2333 · Cited by 450
Self-citationImaging herpes virus thymidine kinase gene transfer and expression by positron emission tomography.
Tjuvajev, J. G., Avril, N. E., Oku, T., Sasajima, T., Miyagawa, T., Joshi, R., Safer, M. L., Beattie, B. J., DiResta, G. R., Daghighian, F., et al. (1998) · PubMed · Cited by 375
Repetitive, non-invasive imaging of the dopamine D2 receptor as a reporter gene in living animals
MacLaren, D. C., Gambhir, S. S., Satyamurthy, N., Barrio, J. R., Sharfstein, S., Toyokuni, T., Wu, L., Berk, A. J., Cherry, S. R., Phelps, M. E., et al. (1999) · Gene Therapy · doi:10.1038/sj.gt.3300877 · Cited by 340
Self-citationTjuvajev, J. G., Finn, R., Watanabe, K. A., Joshi, R., Oku, T., Kennedy, J. D., Beattie, B. J., Koutcher, J. A., Larson, S. M., & Blasberg, R. G. (1996) · PubMed · Cited by 332
Gambhir, S. S., Barrio, J. R., Wu, L., Iyer, M. R., Namavari, M., Satyamurthy, N., Bauer, E. M., Parrish, C., MacLaren, D. C., Borghei, A. R., et al. (1998) · PubMed · Cited by 306
Self-citationCreation of drug-specific herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase mutants for gene therapy.
Black, M. E., Newcomb, T. G., Wilson, H. M., & Loeb, L. A. (1996) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.93.8.3525 · Cited by 275
Self-citation
Cited by
Imaging Transgene Expression with Radionuclide Imaging Technologies
Gambhir, S. S., Herschman, H. R., Cherry, S. R., Barrio, J. R., Satyamurthy, N., Toyokuni, T., Phelps, M. E., Larson, S. M., Balatoni, J., Finn, R., et al. (2000) · Neoplasia · doi:10.1038/sj.neo.7900083 · Cited by 358
Self-citationImaging tri-fusion multimodality reporter gene expression in living subjects
Ray, P., De, A., Min, J.-J., Tsien, R. Y., & Gambhir, S. S. (2004) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-03-1816 · Cited by 329
Self-citationReporter gene imaging of targeted T cell immunotherapy in recurrent glioma
Keu, K. V., Witney, T. H., Yaghoubi, S., Rosenberg, J., Kurien, A., Magnusson, R., Williams, J., Habte, F., Wagner, J. R., Forman, S., et al. (2017) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.aag2196 · Cited by 319
Self-citationWu, J. C., Sundaresan, G., Iyer, M., & Gambhir, S. S. (2001) · Molecular Therapy · doi:10.1006/mthe.2001.0460 · Cited by 273
Self-citationHung, S.-C., Deng, W.-P., Yang, W. K., Liu, R.-S., Lee, C.-C., Su, T.-C., Lin, R.-J., Yang, D.-M., Chang, C.-W., Chen, W.-H., et al. (2005) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-05-0876 · Cited by 268
Metadata
- Authors
- Gambhir, S. S., Bauer, E., Black, M. E., Liang, Q., Kokoris, M. S., Barrio, J. R., Iyer, M., Namavari, M., Phelps, M. E., & Herschman, H. R.
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2000-03-14
- Volume
- 97
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 2785-2790
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- OpenAlex
- W1994216715
- Cited by
- 450
- References
- 15
- FWCI
- 33.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: A mutant herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase reporter gene shows improved sensitivity for imaging reporter gene expression with positron emission tomography. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1073/pnas.97.6.2785
- The paper
- Gambhir, S. S., Bauer, E., Black, M. E., Liang, Q., Kokoris, M. S., Barrio, J. R., Iyer, M., Namavari, M., Phelps, M. E., & Herschman, H. R. (2000). A mutant herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase reporter gene shows improved sensitivity for imaging reporter gene expression with positron emission tomography. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.6.2785
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
