The DOI matches its Crossref record; 46 of the 46 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Rheb Binds Tuberous Sclerosis Complex 2 (TSC2) and Promotes S6 Kinase Activation in a Rapamycin- and Farnesylation-dependent Manner
Open accessAbstract
Recently the tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (TSC2) tumor suppressor gene product has been identified as a negative regulator of protein synthesis upstream of the mTOR and ribosomal S6 kinases. Because of the homology of TSC2 with GTPase-activating proteins for Rap1, we examined whether a Ras/Rap-related GTPase might be involved in this process. TSC2 was found to bind to Rheb-GTP in vitro and to reduce Rheb GTP levels in vivo. Over-expression of Rheb but not Rap1 promoted the activation of S6 kinase in a rapamycin-dependent manner, suggesting that Rheb acts upstream of mTOR. The ability of Rheb to induce S6 phosphorylation was also inhibited by a farnesyl transferase inhibitor, suggesting that Rheb may be responsible for the Ras-independent anti-neoplastic properties of this drug.
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In the citing paper
“The TSC complex (TSCC) acts as a GTPase activating protein (GAP) for Rheb, employing a GAP domain within the TSC2 subunit”
From Signal integration in the (m)TORC1 growth pathway (2018) · cites this paper as Castro et al., 2003
In the citing paper
“This identification of this regulatory mechanism, shown using the human proteins, unequivocally identified TSC1-TSC2 as inhibitors of the mTORC1 signaling pathway (Inoki et al., 2002; Tee et al., 2002), specifically by virtue of TSC2 GAP activity toward the small GTPase Rheb (Castro et al., 2003; Garami et al., 2003; Inoki et al., 2003; Saucedo et al., 2003;”
From Signal integration in the (m)TORC1 growth pathway (2018) · cites this paper as Castro et al., 2003
In the citing paper
“Despite a lack of clear experimental evidence pointing to a defined localization pattern, Rheb is known to function on endomembranes in the mTORC1 pathway as a potent activator of the kinase (Long et al., 2005; Sato et al., 2009) and is the physiologic target of TSC2 (Castro et al., 2003; Garami et al., 2003; Inoki et al., 2003; Saucedo et al., 2003; Stocker et al., 2003; Tee et al., 2003; Zhang e”
From Signal integration in the (m)TORC1 growth pathway (2018) · cites this paper as Castro et al., 2003
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Citations
Cites
1 retracted
Dan, H. C., Sun, M., Yang, L., Feldman, R. I., Sui, X.-M., Ou, C. C., Nellist, M. D., Yeung, R. S. W., Halley, D. J. J., Nicosia, S. V., et al. (2002) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m205838200 · Cited by 370
RetractedTSC2 is phosphorylated and inhibited by Akt and suppresses mTOR signalling
Inoki, K., Li, Y., Zhu, T., Wu, J., & Guan, K.-L. (2002) · Nature Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/ncb839 · Cited by 3,083
Kim, D., Sarbassov, D. D., Ali, S. M., King, J. E., Latek, R. R., Erdjument‐Bromage, H., Tempst, P., & Sabatini, D. M. (2002) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(02)00808-5 · Cited by 3,051
Identification of the Tuberous Sclerosis Gene TSC1 on Chromosome 9q34
Slegtenhorst, M. V., Hoogt, R. D., Hermans, C., Nellist, M., Janssen, B., Verhoef, S., Lindhout, D., Ouweland, A. V. D., Halley, D., Young, J., et al. (1997) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.277.5327.805 · Cited by 1,648
Manning, B. D., Tee, A. R., Logsdon, M. N., Blenis, J., & Cantley, L. C. (2002) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/s1097-2765(02)00568-3 · Cited by 1,555
Regulation of translation initiation by FRAP/mTOR
Gingras, A.-C., Raught, B., & Sonenberg, N. (2001) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.887201 · Cited by 1,545
Insulin Activation of Rheb, a Mediator of mTOR/S6K/4E-BP Signaling, Is Inhibited by TSC1 and 2
Garami, A., Zwartkruis, F. J. T., Nobukuni, T., Joaquin, M., Roccio, M., Stocker, H., Kozma, S. C., Hafen, E., Bos, J. L., & Thomas, G. (2003) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/s1097-2765(03)00220-x · Cited by 1,043
Mammalian TOR: a homeostatic ATP sensor
Dennis, P. B., Jaeschke, A., Saitoh, M., Fowler, B., Kozma, S. C., & Thomas, G. (2001) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1063518 · Cited by 962
Akt regulates growth by directly phosphorylating Tsc2
Potter, C. J., Pedraza, L. G., & Xu, T. (2002) · Nature Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/ncb840 · Cited by 959
Rheb is a direct target of the tuberous sclerosis tumour suppressor proteins
Zhang, Y., Gao, X., Saucedo, L. J., Ru, B., Edgar, B. A., & Pan, D. (2003) · Nature Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/ncb999 · Cited by 924
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Upstream and downstream of mTOR
Hay, N., & Sonenberg, N. (2004) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.1212704 · Cited by 4,181
Brugarolas, J., Lei, K., Hurley, R. L., Manning, B. D., Reiling, J. H., Hafen, E., Witters, L. A., Ellisen, L. W., & Kaelin, W. G. (2004) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.1256804 · Cited by 1,384
Fingar, D. C., & Blenis, J. (2004) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1207542 · Cited by 1,264
The TSC1–TSC2 complex: a molecular switchboard controlling cell growth
Huang, J., & Manning, B. D. (2008) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj20080281 · Cited by 1,237
PRAS40 is an insulin-regulated inhibitor of the mTORC1 protein kinase
Sancak, Y., Thoreen, C. C., Peterson, T. R., Lindquist, R. A., Kang, S. A., Spooner, E., Carr, S. A., & Sabatini, D. M. (2007) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2007.03.003 · Cited by 1,236
Metadata
- Authors
- Castro, A. F., Rebhun, J. F., Clark, G. J., & Quilliam, L. A.
- Affiliations
- Indiana University School of Medicine (US)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Castro, Ariel F.
- Venue
- Journal of Biological Chemistry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2003-08
- Volume
- 278
- Issue
- 35
- Pages
- 32493-32496
- ISSN
- 0021-9258 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1977747566
- Cited by
- 381
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 20
- FWCI
- 11.95
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Biological Chemistry (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in cancer
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Genetics (clinical) › Tuberous Sclerosis Complex Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Kinase Regulation and GTPase Signaling
- Keywords
- Rheb, tuberous sclerosis complex 2, TSC2, mTOR, rapamycin, farnesylation, farnesyltransferase inhibitors, GTPase-activating protein, protein synthesis regulation, tumor suppressor
- MeSH terms
- Ras Homolog Enriched in Brain Protein, Tuberous Sclerosis Complex 2 Protein, Antineoplastic Agents, Cell Line, Enzyme Activation, Humans, Neuropeptides, Phosphorylation, Plasmids, Protein Binding, Protein Kinases, Repressor Proteins, Immunoblotting, Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic, Protein Prenylation, Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, Sirolimus, Monomeric GTP-Binding Proteins, Tumor Suppressor Proteins, TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases
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