PRAS40 is an insulin-regulated inhibitor of the mTORC1 protein kinase
Open accessAbstract
The heterotrimeric mTORC1 protein kinase nucleates a signaling network that promotes cell growth in response to insulin and becomes constitutively active in cells missing the TSC1 or TSC2 tumor suppressors. Insulin stimulates the phosphorylation of S6K1, an mTORC1 substrate, but it is not known how mTORC1 kinase activity is regulated. We identify PRAS40 as a raptor-interacting protein that binds to mTORC1 in insulin-deprived cells and whose in vitro interaction with mTORC1 is disrupted by high salt concentrations. PRAS40 inhibits cell growth, S6K1 phosphorylation, and rheb-induced activation of the mTORC1 pathway, and in vitro it prevents the great increase in mTORC1 kinase activity induced by rheb1-GTP. Insulin stimulates Akt/PKB-mediated phosphorylation of PRAS40, which prevents its inhibition of mTORC1 in cells and in vitro. We propose that the relative strengths of the rheb- and PRAS40-mediated inputs to mTORC1 set overall pathway activity and that insulin activates mTORC1 through the coordinated regulation of both.
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Akt phosphorylates PRAS40 at Thr246, which relieves PRAS40's inhibition of mTORC1.
“Akt directly phosphorylates PRAS40 at Thr246, relieving the PRAS40 inhibitory effect on the mTOR1 complex (mTORC1) (30).”
From Mislocalization of the Cell Polarity Protein Scribble Promotes Mammary Tumorigenesis and Is Associated with Basal Breast Cancer (2014) · cites this paper as [30]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Sancak, Y., Thoreen, C. C., Peterson, T. R., Lindquist, R. A., Kang, S. A., Spooner, E., Carr, S. A., & Sabatini, D. M.
- Affiliations
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research (US)
- Broad Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Sabatini, David M.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Molecular Cell
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2007-03
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 903-915
- ISSN
- 1097-2765 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2136676465
- Cited by
- 1,236
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 24 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 35 · 2023: 37 · 2022: 61 · 2021: 68 · 2020: 77 · 2019: 56 · 2018: 71 · 2017: 78 · 2016: 71 · 2015: 78 · 2014: 81 · 2013: 77 · 2012: 84
- FWCI
- 30.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Molecular Cell (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- American Diabetes Association
- W. M. Keck Foundation
- Alexander and Margaret Stewart Trust
- Rita Allen Foundation
- Allen Foundation
- National Institutes of Health
- National Cancer Institute (R01CA103866, R01CA129105)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01 AI47389, R01AI047389)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in cancer
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Kinase Regulation and GTPase Signaling
- Keywords
- PRAS40, mTORC1, insulin signaling, S6K1 phosphorylation, raptors, Rheb, Akt phosphorylation, cell growth regulation, kinase inhibition, salt sensitivity
- MeSH terms
- Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1, Animals, Carrier Proteins, Cell Line, Enzyme Inhibitors, Humans, Insulin, Kinetics, Phosphoproteins, Phosphorylation, Proteins, Transcription Factors, Multiprotein Complexes, Protein Kinase Inhibitors, Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing, Mice, TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases
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