Cited by 83Nitric Oxide and Endothelin EffectsRedox biology and oxidative stressHemoglobin structure and function

Integrated Redox Sensor and Effector Functions for Tetrahydrobiopterin- and Glutathionylation-dependent Endothelial Nitric-oxide Synthase Uncoupling

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Crabtree, Mark J., Brixey, Rachel, Batchelor, Helen, Hale, Ashley B., Channon, Keith M.·2013·Journal of Biological Chemistry

Abstract

Endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS) is a critical regulator of vascular homeostasis by generation of NO that is dependent on the cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4). When BH4 availability is limiting, eNOS becomes "uncoupled," resulting in superoxide production in place of NO. Recent evidence suggests that eNOS uncoupling can also be induced by S-glutathionylation, although the functional relationships between BH4 and S-glutathionylation remain unknown. To address a possible role for BH4 in S-glutathionylation-induced eNOS uncoupling, we expressed either WT or mutant eNOS rendered resistant to S-glutathionylation in cells with Tet-regulated expression of human GTP cyclohydrolase I to regulate intracellular BH4 availability. We reveal that S-glutathionylation of eNOS, by exposure to either 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) or glutathione reductase-specific siRNA, results in diminished NO production and elevated eNOS-derived superoxide production, along with a concomitant reduction in BH4 levels and BH4:7,8-dihydrobiopterin ratio. In eNOS uncoupling induced by BH4 deficiency, BCNU exposure further exacerbates superoxide production, BH4 oxidation, and eNOS activity. Following mutation of C908S, BCNU-induced eNOS uncoupling and BH4 oxidation are abolished, whereas uncoupling induced by BH4 deficiency was preserved. Furthermore, BH4 deficiency alone is alone sufficient to reduce intracellular GSH:GSSG ratio and cause eNOS S-glutathionylation. These data provide the first evidence that BH4 deficiency- and S-glutathionylation-induced mechanisms of eNOS uncoupling, although mechanistically distinct, are functionally related. We propose that uncoupling of eNOS by S-glutathionylation- or by BH4-dependent mechanisms exemplifies eNOS as an integrated redox "hub" linking upstream redox-sensitive effects of BH4 and glutathione with redox-dependent targets and pathways that lie downstream of eNOS.

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Crossref · 10.1074/jbc.m112.415992

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  • Increase in ROS levels, BH4 depletion, and glutathione oxidation, with subsequent eNOS S-glutathionylation, appear intimately related.

    “Consistent with this view, the increase in ROS levels, BH4 depletion, and glutathione oxidation, with subsequent eNOS S-glutathionylation, appears to be intimately related (189, 215).”

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Authors
Crabtree, M. J., Brixey, R., Batchelor, H., Hale, A. B., & Channon, K. M.
Affiliations
John Radcliffe Hospital (GB)
Corresponding author
Crabtree, Mark J.
Venue
Journal of Biological Chemistry
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2013-01
Volume
288
Issue
1
Pages
561-569
ISSN
0021-9258 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2057060920
Cited by
83
References
25
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 7
FWCI
7.29
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Journal of Biological Chemistry (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Wellcome Trust (090532)
  • National Institute for Health and Care Research (NF-SI-0508-10247)
  • British Heart Foundation (RG/07/003/23133, RG/12/5/29576)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Redox biology and oxidative stress
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Hemoglobin structure and function
Keywords
endothelial nitric oxide synthase, eNOS uncoupling, tetrahydrobiopterin, S-glutathionylation, superoxide production, nitric oxide, GTP cyclohydrolase I, BH4 deficiency, glutathione redox state, 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea, redox signaling, 7,8-dihydrobiopterin
MeSH terms
Animals, Anions, Biopterins, Carmustine, Glutathione, Glutathione Reductase, Humans, Models, Biological, Models, Genetic, Mutation, Oxidation-Reduction, Oxygen, Superoxides, Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic, RNA Interference, NIH 3T3 Cells, Green Fluorescent Proteins, Mice, Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III

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