Hypercholesterolemia increases endothelial superoxide anion production.

Ohara, Y; Peterson, T E; Harrison, D G

doi:10.1172/jci116491

Cited by 1,765Nitric Oxide and Endothelin EffectsNeutrophil, Myeloperoxidase and Oxidative MechanismsAntioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress

Hypercholesterolemia increases endothelial superoxide anion production.

Open access

Ohara, Y, Peterson, T E, Harrison, D G·1993·Journal of Clinical Investigation

DOI 10.1172/jci116491PMC PMC443316

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

Indirect evidence suggests accelerated degradation of endothelium-derived nitric oxide (ENDO) by superoxide anion (O2-) in hypercholesterolemic vessels (HV). To directly measure O2- production by normal vessels (NV) and HV, we used an assay for O2- based on the chemiluminescence (CL) of lucigenin (L). HV (1 mo cholesterol-fed rabbits) produced threefold more O2- than NV (1.47 +/- 0.20 nM/mg tissue/min, n = 7 vs. 0.52 +/- 0.05 nmol/mg tissue/min, n = 8, P < 0.001). Endothelial removal increased O2- production in NV (0.73 +/- 0.08, n = 6, P < 0.05), while decreasing it in HV (0.76 +/- 0.15, n = 5, P < 0.05). There was no difference between denuded HV and denuded NV. Oxypurinol, a noncompetitive inhibitor of xanthine oxidase, normalized O2- production in HV, but had no effect in NV. In separate isometric tension studies treatment with oxypurinol improved acetylcholine induced relaxations in HV, while having no effect on responses in normal vessels. Oxypurinol did not alter relaxations to nitroprusside. Thus, the endothelium is a source of O2- in hypercholesterolemia probably via xanthine oxidase activation. Increased endothelial O2- production in HV may inactivate endothelium-derived nitric oxide and provide a source for other oxygen radicals, contributing to the early atherosclerotic process.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1172/jci116491

Cites

41 of 41 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

The mechanism of action of DPI is based on the reaction with the FAD moiety of the NOX dehydrogenase domain.
“Its mechanism of action is based on the reaction with the FAD moiety of the NOX dehydrogenase domain (699).”
From Sources of Vascular Nitric Oxide and Reactive Oxygen Species and Their Regulation (2019) · cites this paper as [699]

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

The obligatory role of endothelial cells in the relaxation of arterial smooth muscle by acetylcholine
Furchgott, R. F., & Zawadzki, J. V. (1980) · Nature · doi:10.1038/288373a0 · Cited by 12,064 · see citing works
Nitric oxide release accounts for the biological activity of endothelium-derived relaxing factor
Palmer, R. M. J., Ferrige, A. G., & Moncada, S. (1987) · Nature · doi:10.1038/327524a0 · Cited by 10,704 · see citing works
Apparent hydroxyl radical production by peroxynitrite: Implications for endothelial injury from nitric oxide and superoxide
Beckman, J. S., Beckman, T. W., Chen, J., Marshall, P. A., & Freeman, B. A. (1990) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.87.4.1620 · Cited by 7,029 · see citing works
Biological defense mechanisms. The production by leukocytes of superoxide, a potential bactericidal agent
Babior, B. M., Kipnes, R. S., & Curnutte, J. T. (1973) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci107236 · Cited by 2,931 · see citing works
Superoxide anion is involved in the breakdown of endothelium-derived vascular relaxing factor
Gryglewski, R. J., Palmer, R. M. J., & Moncada, S. (1986) · Nature · doi:10.1038/320454a0 · Cited by 2,407 · see citing works
Abnormal Endothelium-Dependent Vascular Relaxation in Patients with Essential Hypertension
Panza, J. A., Quyyumi, A. A., Brush, J. E., & Epstein, S. E. (1990) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199007053230105 · Cited by 2,366 · see citing works
Quantitative Aspects of the Production of Superoxide Anion Radical by Milk Xanthine Oxidase
Fridovich, I. (1970) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)62884-4 · Cited by 1,035 · see citing works
Vasorelaxant properties of the endothelium-derived relaxing factor more closely resemble S-nitrosocysteine than nitric oxide
Myers, P. R., Minor, R. L., Guerra, R., Bates, J. N., & Harrison, D. G. (1990) · Nature · doi:10.1038/345161a0 · Cited by 973 · see citing works
Self-citation
Evidence for the generation of an electronic excitation state(s) in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes and its participation in bactericidal activity
Allen, R. C., STJERNHOLM, R. L., & Steele, R. H. (1972) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/0006-291x(72)90545-1 · Cited by 960 · see citing works
Endothelium-dependent vasodilation is attenuated in patients with heart failure.
Kubo, S. H., Rector, T. S., Bank, A. J., Williams, R. E., & Heifetz, S. M. (1991) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.84.4.1589 · Cited by 775 · see citing works
The Regulation of Rat Liver Xanthine Oxidase
Stirpe, F., Corte, E. D., & Lorenzoni, E. (1969) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(17)36428-1 · Cited by 733 · see citing works
The extinction coefficient of cytochrome c
GELDER, B. F. V., & Slater, E. C. (1962) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta · doi:10.1016/0006-3002(62)90073-2 · Cited by 700 · see citing works
Evidence that Peroxidation of Lysosomal Membranes Is Initiated by Hydroxyl Free Radicals Produced during Flavin Enzyme Activity
Fong, K.-L., McCay, P. B., Poyer, J. L., Keele, B. B., & Misra, H. P. (1973) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(19)43258-4 · Cited by 650 · see citing works
Superoxide radicals as precursors of mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide
Loschen, G., Azzi, A., Richter, C., & Flohé, L. (1974) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/0014-5793(74)80281-4 · Cited by 634 · see citing works
Diet-induced atherosclerosis increases the release of nitrogen oxides from rabbit aorta.
Minor, R. L., Myers, P. R., Guerra, R., Bates, J. N., & Harrison, D. G. (1990) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci114949 · Cited by 517 · see citing works
Self-citation
The regulation of rat liver xanthine oxidase. Involvement of thiol groups in the conversion of the enzyme activity from dehydrogenase (type D) into oxidase (type O) and purification of the enzyme
Corte, E. D., & Stirpe, F. (1972) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj1260739 · Cited by 437 · see citing works
Atherosclerosis impairs endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation to acetylcholine and thrombin in primates.
Freiman, P., Mitchell, G. G., Heistad, D. D., Armstrong, M. L., & Harrison, D. G. (1986) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/01.res.58.6.783 · Cited by 405 · see citing works
Self-citation
Detection of superoxide generated by endothelial cells.
Rosen, G. M., & Freeman, B. Α. (1984) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.81.23.7269 · Cited by 402 · see citing works
Chronic treatment with polyethylene-glycolated superoxide dismutase partially restores endothelium-dependent vascular relaxations in cholesterol-fed rabbits.
Mügge, A., Elwell, J. H., Peterson, T. E., Hofmeyer, T. G., Heistad, D. D., & Harrison, D. G. (1991) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/01.res.69.5.1293 · Cited by 399 · see citing works
Self-citation
Oxygen-derived free radicals, endothelium, and responsiveness of vascular smooth muscle
Rubanyi, G. M., & Vanhoutte, P. M. (1986) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.1986.250.5.h815 · Cited by 376 · see citing works
Lucigenin chemiluminescence in the assessment of neutrophil superoxide production
Gyllenhammar, H. (1987) · Journal of Immunological Methods · doi:10.1016/0022-1759(87)90461-3 · Cited by 358 · see citing works
Conversion of xanthine dehydrogenase to oxidase in ischemic rat tissues.
Engerson, T. D., McKelvey, T. G., Rhyne, D. B., Boggio, E. B., Snyder, S. J., & Jones, H. P. (1987) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci112990 · Cited by 350 · see citing works
Attenuation of endothelium-dependent relaxation in aorta from diabetic rats
Oyama, Y., 川崎, 久., Hattori, Y., & Kanno, M. (1986) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/0014-2999(86)90013-0 · Cited by 342 · see citing works
Coronary Vascular Reactivity After Acute Myocardial Ischemia
Ku, D. D. (1982) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.7123259 · Cited by 330 · see citing works
Metabolic studies of allopurinol, an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase
Elion, G. B., Kovensky, A., Hitchings, G. H., Metz, E. N., & Rundles, R. W. (1966) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/0006-2952(66)90163-8 · Cited by 327 · see citing works
Release of intact endothelium-derived relaxing factor depends on endothelial superoxide dismutase activity
Mügge, A., Elwell, J. H., Peterson, T. E., & Harrison, D. G. (1991) · American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpcell.1991.260.2.c219 · Cited by 314 · see citing works
Self-citation
Appearance of superoxide anion radical in cerebral extracellular space during increased prostaglandin synthesis in cats.
Kontos, H. A., Wei, E. P., Ellis, E. F., Jenkins, L. W., Povlishock, J. T., Rowe, G. T., & Hess, M. L. (1985) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/01.res.57.1.142 · Cited by 291 · see citing works
Pharmacological evidence that endothelium-derived relaxing factor is nitric oxide: use of pyrogallol and superoxide dismutase to study endothelium-dependent and nitric oxide-elicited vascular smooth muscle relaxation.
Ignarro, L. J., Byrns, R. E., Buga, G. M., Wood, K. S., & Chaudhuri, G. (1988) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3565(25)24231-8 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
Role of superoxide in endothelial-cell modification of low-density lipoproteins
Steinbrecher, U. P. (1988) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Lipids and Lipid Metabolism · doi:10.1016/0005-2760(88)90145-2 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
Mediator‐induced activation of xanthine oxidase in endothelial cells
Friedl, H. P., Till, G. O., Ryan, U. S., & Ward, P. A. (1989) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fasebj.3.13.2806779 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Oxidation and reduction of hemoproteins by trioxodinitrate(II). The role of nitrosyl hydride and nitrite
Doyle, M. P., Mahapatro, S. N., Broene, R. D., & Guy, J. K. (1988) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja00210a047 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
Inhibition of coronary artery superoxide dismutase attenuates endothelium-dependent and -independent nitrovasodilator relaxation.
Omar, H. Α., Cherry, P., Mortelliti, M. P., Burke-Wolin, T., & Wolin, M. S. (1991) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/01.res.69.3.601 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Superoxide anion release by human endothelial cells: Synergism between a phorbol ester and a calcium ionophore
Matsubara, T., & Ziff, M. (1986) · Journal of Cellular Physiology · doi:10.1002/jcp.1041270203 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Superoxide anion production by the autoxidation of cytochrome P450cam
Sligar, S. G., Lipscomb, J. D., Debrunner, P. G., & GUNSALUS, I. C. (1974) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/0006-291x(74)90565-8 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Cholesterol feeding impairs endothelium-dependent relaxation of rabbit aorta
Jayakody, R. L., SENARATNE, M. P. J., Thomson, A. B. R., & Kappagoda, C. T. (1985) · Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology · doi:10.1139/y85-199 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Superoxide anion inhibits cGMP-associated bovine pulmonary arterial relaxation
Cherry, P. D., Omar, H. Α., Farrell, K. A., Stuart, J. S., & Wolin, M. S. (1990) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.1990.259.4.h1056 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Acute hypertension selectively potentiates constrictor responses of large coronary arteries to serotonin by altering endothelial function in vivo.
Lamping, K. G., & Dole, W. P. (1987) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/01.res.61.6.904 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Superoxide generation by human monocytes and macrophages
Weiss, S. J., King, G. W., & LoBuglio, A. F. (1978) · American Journal of Hematology · doi:10.1002/ajh.2830040102 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Alkaline Bohr effect of human hemoglobin Ao
Di, E., Doyle, M. L., & Gill, S. J. (1988) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/0022-2836(88)90545-1 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Nitroblue Tetrazolium Reduction in Lymphocytes
Melinn, M., & McLaughlin, H. (1987) · Journal of Leukocyte Biology · doi:10.1002/jlb.41.4.325 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Superoxide production in the isolated rabbit aorta and the effect of alloxan, indomethacin and nitrovasodilators.
Heim, K. F., Thomas, G. R., & Ramwell, P. W. (1990) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3565(25)23050-6 · Cited by 20 · see citing works

Flagged first, then by citations

Sorted by citations

Free Radicals in the Physiological Control of Cell Function
Dröge, W. (2002) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00018.2001 · Cited by 9,855 · see citing works
Increased oxidative stress in obesity and its impact on metabolic syndrome
Furukawa, S., Fujita, T., Shimabukuro, M., Iwaki, M., Yamada, Y., Nakajima, Y., Nakayama, O., Makishima, M., Matsuda, M., & Shimomura, I. (2004) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci21625 · Cited by 5,508 · see citing works
Guidelines for the ultrasound assessment of endothelial-dependent flow-mediated vasodilation of the brachial artery
Corretti, M. C., Anderson, T. J., Benjamin, E. J., Celermajer, D. S., Charbonneau, F., Creager, M. A., Deanfield, J. E., Drexler, H., Gerhard‐Herman, M. D., Herrington, D. M., et al. (2002) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(01)01746-6 · Cited by 4,606 · see citing works
Endothelial dysfunction in cardiovascular diseases: the role of oxidant stress
Cai, H., & Harrison, D. G. (2000) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/01.res.87.10.840 · Cited by 3,839 · see citing works
Self-citation
NAD(P)H Oxidase: Role in Cardiovascular Biology and Disease
Griendling, K. K., Sorescu, D., & Ushio-Fukai, M. (2000) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/01.res.86.5.494 · Cited by 2,886 · see citing works
Role of Oxidative Modifications in Atherosclerosis
Stocker, R., & Keaney, J. F. (2004) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00047.2003 · Cited by 2,611 · see citing works
Prognostic Impact of Coronary Vasodilator Dysfunction on Adverse Long-Term Outcome of Coronary Heart Disease
Schächinger, V., Britten, M. B., & Zeiher, A. M. (2000) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.101.16.1899 · Cited by 2,584 · see citing works
Angiotensin II-mediated hypertension in the rat increases vascular superoxide production via membrane NADH/NADPH oxidase activation. Contribution to alterations of vasomotor tone.
Rajagopalan, S., Kurz, S. D., Münzel, T. F., Tarpey, M. M., Freeman, B. Α., Griendling, K. K., & Harrison, D. G. (1996) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci118623 · Cited by 2,441 · see citing works
Self-citation
Endothelial Dysfunction, Oxidative Stress, and Risk of Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease
Heitzer, T., Schlinzig, T., Krohn, K., Meinertz, T., & Münzel, T. (2001) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/hc4601.099485 · Cited by 1,961 · see citing works
Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase in Vascular Disease: From Marvel to Menace
Förstermann, U., & Münzel, T. (2006) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.105.602532 · Cited by 1,957 · see citing works
Oxidative Stress and Vascular Disease
Madamanchi, N. R., Vendrov, A., & Runge, M. S. (2005) · Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.0000150649.39934.13 · Cited by 1,618 · see citing works
Current Concepts of the Pathogenesis of the Acute Coronary Syndromes
Libby, P. (2001) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.104.3.365 · Cited by 1,550 · see citing works
Roles of vascular oxidative stress and nitric oxide in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis
Förstermann, U., Xia, N., & Li, H. (2017) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.116.309326 · Cited by 1,519 · see citing works
Role of oxidative stress in cardiovascular diseases
Dhalla, N. S., Temsah, R. M., & Netticadan, T. (2000) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/00004872-200018060-00002 · Cited by 1,467 · see citing works
The role of oxidized lipoproteins in atherogenesis
Berliner, J. A., & Heinecke, J. W. (1996) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/0891-5849(95)02173-6 · Cited by 1,365 · see citing works
Antioxidants and Atherosclerotic Heart Disease
Diaz, M. N., Frei, B. B., Vita, J. A., & Keaney, J. F. (1997) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199708073370607 · Cited by 1,353 · see citing works
Obesity and Systemic Oxidative Stress: Clinical Correlates of Oxidative Stress in The Framingham Study
Keaney, J. F., Larson, M. G., Vasan, R. S., Wilson, P. W. F., Lipinska, I., Corey, D., Massaro, J. M., Sutherland, P., Vita, J. A., & Benjamin, E. J. (2003) · Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.0000058402.34138.11 · Cited by 1,304 · see citing works
Role of oxidative stress in atherosclerosis
Harrison, D., Griendling, K. K., Landmesser, U., Hornig, B., & Drexler, H. (2003) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9149(02)03144-2 · Cited by 1,275 · see citing works
Self-citation
Therapeutic Effects of Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors: Renaissance Half a Century after the Discovery of Allopurinol
Pacher, P., Nivorozhkin, A., & Szabó, C. (2006) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1124/pr.58.1.6 · Cited by 1,218 · see citing works
Reactive oxygen species produced by macrophage-derived foam cells regulate the activity of vascular matrix metalloproteinases in vitro. Implications for atherosclerotic plaque stability.
Rajagopalan, S., Meng, X. P., Ramasamy, S., Harrison, D. G., & Galis, Z. S. (1996) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci119076 · Cited by 1,137 · see citing works
Self-citation
Extensive Nitration of Protein Tyrosines in Human Atherosclerosis Detected by Immunohistochemistry
Beckman, J. S., Ye, Y. Z., Anderson, P. G., Chen, J., Accavitti, M. A., Tarpey, M. M., & White, C. R. (1994) · Biological Chemistry Hoppe-Seyler · doi:10.1515/bchm3.1994.375.2.81 · Cited by 1,122 · see citing works
The Effect of Cholesterol-Lowering and Antioxidant Therapy on Endothelium-Dependent Coronary Vasomotion
Anderson, T. J., Meredith, I. T., Yeung, A. C., Frei, B. B., Selwyn, A. P., & Ganz, P. (1995) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199502233320802 · Cited by 1,108 · see citing works
Beneficial effects of cholesterol-lowering therapy on the coronary endothelium in patients with coronary artery disease.
Treasure, C. B., Klein, J., Weintraub, W. S., Talley, J., Stillabower, M., Kosinski, A. S., Zhang, J., Boccuzzi, S., Cedarholm, J. C., & Alexander, R. (1995) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199502233320801 · Cited by 1,335 · see citing works
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition With Quinapril Improves Endothelial Vasomotor Dysfunction in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease
Mancini, G. B. J., Henry, G. C., Macaya, C., O’Neill, B. J., Pucillo, A. L., Carere, R. G., Wargovich, T. J., Mudra, H. G., Lüscher, T. F., Klibaner, M. I., et al. (1996) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.94.3.258 · Cited by 1,056 · see citing works
Effect of exercise training on endothelium‐derived nitric oxide function in humans
Green, D. J., Maiorana, A., O'Driscoll, G., & Taylor, R. (2004) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2004.068197 · Cited by 1,040 · see citing works
Post-transcriptional Regulation of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase mRNA Stability by Rho GTPase
Laufs, U., & Liao, J. K. (1998) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.273.37.24266 · Cited by 1,035 · see citing works
Fatty streak formation occurs in human fetal aortas and is greatly enhanced by maternal hypercholesterolemia. Intimal accumulation of low density lipoprotein and its oxidation precede monocyte recruitment into early atherosclerotic lesions.
Napoli, C., D'Armiento, F. P., Mancini, F. P., Postiglione, A., Witztum, J. L., Palumbo, G., & Palinski, W. (1997) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci119813 · Cited by 1,014 · see citing works
Modulation of Protein Kinase Activity and Gene Expression by Reactive Oxygen Species and Their Role in Vascular Physiology and Pathophysiology
Griendling, K. K., Sorescu, D., Lassegue, B. P., & Ushio‐Fukai, M. (2000) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.20.10.2175 · Cited by 955 · see citing works
Simvastatin, an HMG–Coenzyme A Reductase Inhibitor, Improves Endothelial Function Within 1 Month
O’Driscoll, G., Green, D., & Taylor, R. R. (1997) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.95.5.1126 · Cited by 952 · see citing works
Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Injury
Griendling, K. K., & FitzGerald, G. A. (2003) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000093660.86242.bb · Cited by 940 · see citing works
Xanthine oxidoreductase and cardiovascular disease: molecular mechanisms and pathophysiological implications
Berry, C. E., & Hare, J. M. (2003) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2003.055913 · Cited by 925 · see citing works
The role of oxidative stress in the onset and progression of diabetes and its complications: asummary of a Congress Series sponsored byUNESCO-MCBN, the American Diabetes Association and the German Diabetes Society
R�sen, P., Nawroth, P., King, G. L., M�ller, W., Tritschler, H., & Packer, L. (2001) · Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews · doi:10.1002/dmrr.196 · Cited by 881 · see citing works
Endothelial Function: A Critical Determinant in Atherosclerosis?
Landmesser, U., Hornig, B., & Drexler, H. (2004) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000129501.88485.1f · Cited by 851 · see citing works
Role of Superoxide in Angiotensin II–Induced but Not Catecholamine-Induced Hypertension
Laursen, J. B., Rajagopalan, S., Galis, Z. S., Tarpey, M. M., Freeman, B. Α., & Harrison, D. G. (1997) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.95.3.588 · Cited by 820 · see citing works
Self-citation
Effect of a single high-fat meal on endothelial function in healthy subjects
Vogel, R. A., Corretti, M. C., & Plotnick, G. D. (1997) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9149(96)00760-6 · Cited by 798 · see citing works
Structure and function of xanthine oxidoreductase: where are we now?
Harrison, R. (2002) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0891-5849(02)00956-5 · Cited by 787 · see citing works
Hypertension and the Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis
Alexander, R. W. (1995) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.25.2.155 · Cited by 785 · see citing works
Oxidative stress modulates osteoblastic differentiation of vascular and bone cells
Mody, N. (2001) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0891-5849(01)00610-4 · Cited by 782 · see citing works
Regulation of the Cerebral Circulation: Role of Endothelium and Potassium Channels
Faraci, F. M., & Heistad, D. D. (1998) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.1998.78.1.53 · Cited by 781 · see citing works
Nitric oxide and oxidative stress in vascular disease
Förstermann, U. (2010) · Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00424-010-0808-2 · Cited by 780 · see citing works
Endothelial cell superoxide generation: regulation and relevance for cardiovascular pathophysiology
Li, J.-M., & Shah, A. M. (2004) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00124.2004 · Cited by 773 · see citing works
Interactions between NO and reactive oxygen species: pathophysiological importance in atherosclerosis, hypertension, diabetes and heart failure
Kojda, G. (1999) · Cardiovascular Research · doi:10.1016/s0008-6363(99)00169-8 · Cited by 769 · see citing works
Nitric Oxide as a Signaling Molecule in the Vascular System: An Overview
Ignarro, L. J., Cirino, G., Casini, A., & Claudio Napoli, A. (1999) · Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology · doi:10.1097/00005344-199912000-00016 · Cited by 765 · see citing works
Endothelial Regulation of Vasomotion in ApoE-Deficient Mice: Implications for Interactions Between Peroxynitrite and Tetrahydrobiopterin
Laursen, J. B., Somers, M., Kurz, S., McCann, L., Warnholtz, A., Freeman, B. A., Tarpey, M., Fukai, T., & Harrison, D. G. (2001) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.103.9.1282 · Cited by 721 · see citing works
Self-citation
Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Injury
Griendling, K. K., & FitzGerald, G. A. (2003) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000093661.90582.c4 · Cited by 720 · see citing works
Vascular Inflammation and Oxidative Stress: Major Triggers for Cardiovascular Disease
Steven, S., Frenis, K., Oelze, M. W., Kalinovic, S., Kuntić, M., Jiménez, M. T. B., Vujačić-Mirski, K., Helmstädter, J., Kröller‐Schön, S., Münzel, T. F., et al. (2019) · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · doi:10.1155/2019/7092151 · Cited by 729 · see citing works
NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE: Role in the Genesis of Vascular Disease
Cooke, J. P., & Dzau, V. J. (1997) · Annual Review of Medicine · doi:10.1146/annurev.med.48.1.489 · Cited by 710 · see citing works
Endothelial Dysfunction: Does It Matter? Is It Reversible?
Celermajer, D. S. (1997) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(97)00189-7 · Cited by 679 · see citing works
Increased NADH-Oxidase–Mediated Superoxide Production in the Early Stages of Atherosclerosis
Warnholtz, A., Nickenig, G., Schulz, E., Macharzina, R. R., Bräsen, J. H., Skatchkov, M. P., Heitzer, T. A., Stasch, J. P., Griendling, K. K., Harrison, D. G., et al. (1999) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.99.15.2027 · Cited by 676 · see citing works
Self-citation
Cholesterol reduction in cardiovascular disease. Clinical benefits and possible mechanisms.
Levine, G., Keaney, J., & Vita, J. (1995) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199502233320807 · Cited by 702 · see citing works
Vascular oxidative stress, nitric oxide and atherosclerosis
Li, H., Horke, S., & Förstermann, U. (2014) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.09.001 · Cited by 656 · see citing works
The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Mesenchymal Stem Cell Adipogenic and Osteogenic Differentiation: A Review
Atashi, F., Modarressi, A., & Pepper, M. S. (2015) · Stem Cells and Development · doi:10.1089/scd.2014.0484 · Cited by 655 · see citing works
Evidence for enhanced vascular superoxide anion production in nitrate tolerance. A novel mechanism underlying tolerance and cross-tolerance.
Münzel, T. F., Sayegh, H. S., Freeman, B. Α., Tarpey, M. M., & Harrison, D. G. (1995) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci117637 · Cited by 652 · see citing works
Self-citation
Extracellular superoxide dismutase in biology and medicine
Fattman, C. L., Schaefer, L. M., & Oury, T. D. (2003) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0891-5849(03)00275-2 · Cited by 654 · see citing works
Influence of maternal hypercholesterolaemia during pregnancy on progression of early atherosclerotic lesions in childhood: Fate of Early Lesions in Children (FELIC) study
Claudio Napoli, A., Glass, C. K., Witztum, J. L., Deutsch, R., D’Armiento, F. P., & Palinski, W. (1999) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(99)02131-5 · Cited by 645 · see citing works
Increased oxidative stress in obesity: Implications for metabolic syndrome, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, and cancer
Matsuda, M., & Shimomura, I. (2013) · Obesity Research & Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.orcp.2013.05.004 · Cited by 641 · see citing works
NADPH Oxidases in Cardiovascular Health and Disease
Cave, A. C., Brewer, A. C., Narayanapanicker, A., Ray, R., Grieve, D. J., Walker, S., & Shah, A. M. (2006) · Antioxidants & Redox Signaling · doi:10.1089/ars.2006.8.691 · Cited by 630 · see citing works
Accelerated Atherosclerosis, Aortic Aneurysm Formation, and Ischemic Heart Disease in Apolipoprotein E/Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Double-Knockout Mice
Kuhlencordt, P. J., Gyurko, R., Han, F., Scherrer‐Crosbie, M., Aretz, T. H., Hajjar, R. J., Picard, M. H., & Huang, P. L. (2001) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/hc2901.091399 · Cited by 631 · see citing works
Superoxide Production in Vascular Smooth Muscle Contributes to Oxidative Stress and Impaired Relaxation in Atherosclerosis
Miller, F. J., Gutterman, D. D., Rios, C., Heistad, D. D., & Davidson, B. L. (1998) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/01.res.82.12.1298 · Cited by 623 · see citing works
Immunization of low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-deficient rabbits with homologous malondialdehyde-modified LDL reduces atherogenesis.
Palinski, W., Miller, E. R., & Witztum, J. L. (1995) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.92.3.821 · Cited by 591 · see citing works
Tetrahydrobiopterin restores endothelial function in hypercholesterolemia.
Stroes, E. S. G., Kastelein, J. J. P., Cosentino, F., Erkelens, W. D., Wever, R. M. F., Koomans, H. A., Lüscher, T. F., & Rabelink, T. J. (1997) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci119131 · Cited by 588 · see citing works
Ascorbic Acid Reverses Endothelial Vasomotor Dysfunction in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease
Levine, G. N., Frei, B., Koulouris, S. N., Gerhard, M. D., Keaney, J. F., & Vita, J. A. (1996) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.93.6.1107 · Cited by 582 · see citing works
Does ADMA Cause Endothelial Dysfunction?
Cooke, J. P. (2000) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.20.9.2032 · Cited by 581 · see citing works
Oxidative stress in vascular disease: causes, defense mechanisms and potential therapies
Förstermann, U. (2008) · Nature Clinical Practice Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.1038/ncpcardio1211 · Cited by 576 · see citing works
Detection and characterization of the product of hydroethidine and intracellular superoxide by HPLC and limitations of fluorescence
Zhao, H., Joseph, J., Fales, H. M., Sokoloski, E. A., Levine, R. L., Vasquez-Vivar, J., & Kalyanaraman, B. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0501719102 · Cited by 576 · see citing works
Inflammatory Disease Processes and Interactions with Nutrition
Calder, P. C., Albers, R., Antoine, J., Blum, S., Bourdet‐Sicard, R., Ferns, G. A., Folkerts, G., Friedmann, P. S., Frost, G. S., Guarner, F., et al. (2009) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114509377867 · Cited by 570 · see citing works
Vascular Superoxide Production by NAD(P)H Oxidase
Guzik, T. J., West, N. E. J., Black, E., McDonald, D., Ratnatunga, C., Pillai, R. G., & Channon, K. M. (2000) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/01.res.86.9.e85 · Cited by 584 · see citing works
Cloning of monoclonal autoantibodies to epitopes of oxidized lipoproteins from apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Demonstration of epitopes of oxidized low density lipoprotein in human plasma.
Palinski, W., Hörkkö, S., Miller, E., Steinbrecher, U., Powell, H., Curtiss, L., & Witztum, J. (1996) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci118853 · Cited by 593 · see citing works
The role of nitric oxide in cardiovascular diseases
NASEEM, K. (2005) · Molecular Aspects of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.mam.2004.09.003 · Cited by 557 · see citing works
p22phox mRNA Expression and NADPH Oxidase Activity Are Increased in Aortas From Hypertensive Rats
Fukui, T., Ishizaka, N., Rajagopalan, S., Laursen, J. B., Capers, Q., Taylor, W. R., Harrison, D. G., de Leon, H., Wilcox, J. N., & Griendling, K. K. (1997) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/01.res.80.1.45 · Cited by 553 · see citing works
Self-citation
Single LDL Apheresis Improves Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilatation in Hypercholesterolemic Humans
Tamai, O., Matsuoka, H., Itabe, H., Wada, Y., Kohno, K., & Imaizumi, T. (1997) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.95.1.76 · Cited by 543 · see citing works
Sources of Vascular Nitric Oxide and Reactive Oxygen Species and Their Regulation
Tejero, J., Shiva, S., & Gladwin, M. T. (2019) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00036.2017 · Cited by 541 · see citing works
Antioxidants and human diseases
Rajendran, P., Nandakumar, N., Rengarajan, T., Palaniswami, R., Edwinoliver, N. G., Uppalapati, L., Gopas, J., & Nishigaki, I. (2014) · Clinica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.cca.2014.06.004 · Cited by 530 · see citing works
Nitric oxide regulates vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 gene expression and redox-sensitive transcriptional events in human vascular endothelial cells.
Khan, B. V., Harrison, D. G., Olbrych, M. T., Alexander, R. W., & Medford, R. M. (1996) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.93.17.9114 · Cited by 527 · see citing works
Self-citation
Improvement of Nitric Oxide–Dependent Vasodilatation by HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors Through Attenuation of Endothelial Superoxide Anion Formation
Wagner, A. H., Köhler, T. C., Rueckschloss, U., Just, I., & Hecker, M. (2000) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.20.1.61 · Cited by 517 · see citing works
Endothelial function
Behrendt, D., & Ganz, P. (2002) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9149(02)02963-6 · Cited by 499 · see citing works
Long-term Cigarette Smoking Impairs Endothelium-Dependent Coronary Arterial Vasodilator Function
Zeiher, A. M., Schächinger, V., & Minners, J. (1995) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.92.5.1094 · Cited by 495 · see citing works
Oxidative stress and atherosclerosis
Singh, U. S., & Jialal, I. (2006) · Pathophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.pathophys.2006.05.002 · Cited by 492 · see citing works
Biochemical Evidence for Impaired Nitric Oxide Synthesis in Patients With Peripheral Arterial Occlusive Disease
Böger, R. H., Bode‐Böger, S. M., Thiele, W., Junker, W., Alexander, K., & Frölich, J. C. (1997) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.95.8.2068 · Cited by 490 · see citing works
Statins as antioxidant therapy for preventing cardiac myocyte hypertrophy
Takemoto, M., Node, K., Nakagami, H., Liao, Y., Grimm, M. F., Takemoto, Y., Kitakaze, M., & Liao, J. K. (2001) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci13350 · Cited by 485 · see citing works
p47phox is required for atherosclerotic lesion progression in ApoE–/– mice
Barry-Lane, P. A., Patterson, C., van der Merwe, M., Hu, Z., Holland, S. M., Yeh, E. T. H., & Runge, M. S. (2001) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci200111927 · Cited by 489 · see citing works
Expression of Multiple Isoforms of Nitric Oxide Synthase in Normal and Atherosclerotic Vessels
Wilcox, J. N., Subramanian, R. R., Sundell, C. L., Tracey, W. R., Pollock, J. S., Harrison, D. G., & Marsden, P. A. (1997) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.17.11.2479 · Cited by 478 · see citing works
Self-citation
Select Flavonoids and Whole Juice From Purple Grapes Inhibit Platelet Function and Enhance Nitric Oxide Release
Freedman, J. E., Parker, C., Li, L., Perlman, J. A., Frei, B. B., Ivanov, V. O., Deak, L. R., Iafrati, M. D., & Folts, J. D. (2001) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.103.23.2792 · Cited by 476 · see citing works
Native Low-Density Lipoprotein Increases Endothelial Cell Nitric Oxide Synthase Generation of Superoxide Anion
Pritchard, K. A., Groszek, L., Smalley, D. M., Sessa, W. C., Wu, M., Villalon, P., Wolin, M. S., & Stemerman, M. B. (1995) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/01.res.77.3.510 · Cited by 471 · see citing works
Is oxidative stress a therapeutic target in cardiovascular disease?
Münzel, T., Gori, T., Bruno, R. M., & Taddei, S. (2010) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehq396 · Cited by 470 · see citing works
Effect of Antioxidant Vitamins on the Transient Impairment of Endothelium—Dependent Brachial Artery Vasoactivity Following a Single High-Fat Meal
Plotnick, G. D. (1997) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1997.03550200058032 · Cited by 469 · see citing works
The paradox of nitric oxide in cirrhosis and portal hypertension: Too much, not enough
Wiest, R., & Groszmann, R. J. (2002) · Hepatology · doi:10.1053/jhep.2002.31432 · Cited by 463 · see citing works
Interactions of oxidants with vascular signaling systems
Wolin, M. S. (2000) · Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.20.6.1430 · Cited by 463 · see citing works
Linking endothelial dysfunction with endothelial cell activation
Liao, J. K. (2013) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci66843 · Cited by 456 · see citing works
Dysfunction of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase and Atherosclerosis
Kawashima, S., & Yokoyama, M. (2004) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.0000125114.88079.96 · Cited by 455 · see citing works
Tetrahydrobiopterin Improves Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilation in Chronic Smokers
Heitzer, T. A., Brockhoff, C. J., Mayer, B., Warnholtz, A., Mollnau, H., Henne, S., Meinertz, T., & Münzel, T. F. (2000) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/01.res.86.2.e36 · Cited by 449 · see citing works
Assessment and treatment of endothelial dysfunction in humans
Anderson, T. J. (1999) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(99)00259-4 · Cited by 443 · see citing works
Endothelium-Derived Hyperpolarizing Factor Synthase (Cytochrome P450 2C9) Is a Functionally Significant Source of Reactive Oxygen Species in Coronary Arteries
Fleming, I., Michaelis, U. R., Bredenkötter, D., Fisslthaler, B., Dehghani, F., Brandes, R. P., & Busse, R. (2001) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/01.res.88.1.44 · Cited by 440 · see citing works
Superoxide Excess in Hypertension and Aging
Hamilton, C., Brosnan, M. J., McIntyre, M., Graham, D., & Dominiczak, A. F. (2001) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.37.2.529 · Cited by 438 · see citing works
The Oxidative Modification Hypothesis of Atherosclerosis Does It Hold for Humans?
Witztum, J. L. (2001) · Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.1016/s1050-1738(01)00111-6 · Cited by 441 · see citing works
THE REGULATION AND PHARMACOLOGY OF ENDOTHELIAL NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE
Dudzinski, D. M., Igarashi, J., Greif, D. M., & Michel, T. M. (2005) · The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology · doi:10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.44.101802.121844 · Cited by 425 · see citing works
Cyclic GMP signaling in cardiovascular pathophysiology and therapeutics
Tsai, E. J., & Kass, D. A. (2009) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2009.02.009 · Cited by 420 · see citing works
Endothelium-Dependent Effects of Statins
Wolfrum, S., Jensen, K. S., & Liao, J. K. (2003) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.0000063385.12476.a7 · Cited by 416 · see citing works
Differential Activation of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases by H 2 O 2 and O 2 − in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
Baas, A. S., & Berk, B. C. (1995) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/01.res.77.1.29 · Cited by 416 · see citing works
Reduction of nitrite to nitric oxide catalyzed by xanthine oxidoreductase
Godber, B. L. J., Doel, J. J., Sapkota, G. P., Blake, D. R., Stevens, C. R., Eisenthal, R., & Harrison, R. (2000) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.275.11.7757 · Cited by 411 · see citing works

Hypercholesterolemia increases endothelial superoxide production
Ohara, Y., Peterson, T. E., & Harrison, D. G. (1993)
Self-citation
Dietary Correction of Hypercholesterolemia in the Rabbit Normalizes Endothelial Superoxide Anion Production
Ohara, Y., Peterson, T. E., Sayegh, H. S., Subramanian, R. R., Wilcox, J. N., & Harrison, D. G. (1995) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.92.4.898 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Self-citation
Circulating plasma xanthine oxidase contributes to vascular dysfunction in hypercholesterolemic rabbits.
White, C. R., Darley-Usmar, V, Berrington, W. R., McAdams, M., Gore, J. Z., Thompson, J. A., Parks, D. A., Tarpey, M. M., & Freeman, B. A. (1996) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.93.16.8745 · Cited by 367 · see citing works
Increased NADH-Oxidase–Mediated Superoxide Production in the Early Stages of Atherosclerosis
Warnholtz, A., Nickenig, G., Schulz, E., Macharzina, R. R., Bräsen, J. H., Skatchkov, M. P., Heitzer, T. A., Stasch, J. P., Griendling, K. K., Harrison, D. G., et al. (1999) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.99.15.2027 · Cited by 676 · see citing works
Self-citation
Xanthine Oxidase Inhibition With Oxypurinol Improves Endothelial Vasodilator Function in Hypercholesterolemic but Not in Hypertensive Patients
Cardillo, C., Kilcoyne, C. M., Cannon, R. O., Quyyumi, A. A., & Panza, J. A. (1997) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.30.1.57 · Cited by 246 · see citing works

Authors: Ohara, Y., Peterson, T. E., & Harrison, D. G.
Affiliations: Emory University (US)
ORCID: Harrison, D G
Venue: Journal of Clinical Investigation
Publisher: American Society for Clinical Investigation
Published: 1993-06-01
Volume: 91
Issue: 6
Pages: 2546-2551
ISSN: 0021-9738 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1172/jci116491
PMC: PMC443316
OpenAlex: W2135633069
Cited by: 1,765
References: 41
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 28 · 2014: 43 · 2013: 43 · 2012: 47
FWCI: 26.44
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Journal of Clinical Investigation (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: American Heart Association
National Institutes of Health (5r01hl032717-09)
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL039006, HL-32717, HL-39006)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Neutrophil, Myeloperoxidase and Oxidative Mechanisms
Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
Keywords: hypercholesterolemia, superoxide, endothelium, nitric oxide degradation, xanthine oxidase, oxypurinol, chemiluminescence, lucigenin, atherosclerosis, endothelial dysfunction, acetylcholine-induced relaxation, cholesterol-fed rabbits
MeSH terms: Acridines, Animals, Aorta, Cholesterol, Cholesterol, Dietary, Endothelium, Vascular, Hypercholesterolemia, Luminescent Measurements, Male, Oxypurinol, Rabbits, Superoxides, Xanthine Oxidase

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Hypercholesterolemia increases endothelial superoxide anion production.

Abstract

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks