Matrix GLA Protein Stimulates VEGF Expression through Increased Transforming Growth Factor-β1 Activity in Endothelial Cells

Matrix GLA protein (MGP) is expressed in endothelial cells (EC), and MGP deficiency results in developmental defects suggesting involvement in EC function. To determine the role of MGP in EC, we cultured bovine aortic EC with increasing concentrations of human MGP (hMGP) for 24 h. The results sho…