Squalene Synthase, a Determinant of Raft-associated Cholesterol and Modulator of Cancer Cell Proliferation

Brusselmans, Koen; Timmermans, Leen; Van de Sande, Tine; Van Veldhoven, Paul P.; Guan, Guimin; Shechter, Ishaiahu; Claessens, Frank; Verhoeven, Guido; Swinnen, Johannes V.

doi:10.1074/jbc.m611763200

Cited by 117Cancer, Lipids, and MetabolismCholesterol and Lipid MetabolismLipid Membrane Structure and Behavior

Squalene Synthase, a Determinant of Raft-associated Cholesterol and Modulator of Cancer Cell Proliferation

Open access

Brusselmans, Koen, Timmermans, Leen, Van de Sande, Tine, Van Veldhoven, Paul P., Guan, Guimin, Shechter, Ishaiahu, Claessens, Frank, Verhoeven, Guido +1 more·2007·Journal of Biological Chemistry

DOI 10.1074/jbc.m611763200

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Several cues for cell proliferation, migration, and survival are transmitted through lipid rafts, membrane microdomains enriched in sphingolipids and cholesterol. Cells obtain cholesterol from the circulation but can also synthesize cholesterol de novo through the mevalonate/isoprenoid pathway. This pathway, however, has several branches and also produces non-sterol isoprenoids. Squalene synthase (SQS) is the enzyme that determines the switch toward sterol biosynthesis. Here we demonstrate that in prostate cancer cells SQS expression is enhanced by androgens, channeling intermediates of the mevalonate/isoprenoid pathway toward cholesterol synthesis. Interestingly, the resulting increase in de novo synthesis of cholesterol mainly affects the cholesterol content of lipid rafts, while leaving non-raft cholesterol levels unaffected. Conversely, RNA interference-mediated SQS inhibition results in a decrease of raft-associated cholesterol. These data show that SQS activity and de novo cholesterol synthesis are determinants of membrane microdomain-associated cholesterol in cancer cells. Remarkably, SQS knock down also attenuates proliferation and induces death of prostate cancer cells. Similar effects are observed when cancer cells are treated with the chemical SQS inhibitor zaragozic acid A. Importantly, although the anti-tumor effect of statins has previously been attributed to inhibition of protein isoprenylation, the present study shows that specific inhibition of the cholesterol biosynthesis branch of the mevalonate/isoprenoid pathway also induces cancer cell death. These findings significantly underscore the importance of de novo cholesterol synthesis for cancer cell biology and suggest that SQS is a potential novel target for antineoplastic intervention.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1074/jbc.m611763200

Cites

49 of 49 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

The FDFT1-encoded protein is the first enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis and catalyzes the dimerization of two molecules of farnesyl diphosphate via a two-step reaction to form squalene.
“The encoded protein is the first enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis and catalyzes the dimerization of two molecules of farnesyl diphosphate via a two-step reaction to form squalene32, which plays an important role in cholesterol biosynthesis33,34.”
From RETRACTED ARTICLE: Fasting inhibits aerobic glycolysis and proliferation in colorectal cancer via the Fdft1-mediated AKT/mTOR/HIF1α pathway suppression (2020) · cites this paper as [32]
FDFT1 encodes a membrane-associated enzyme acting at a branch point in the mevalonate pathway.
“Farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyltransferase 1 (FDFT1) encodes a membrane-associated enzyme acting at a branch point in the mevalonate pathway.”
From RETRACTED ARTICLE: Fasting inhibits aerobic glycolysis and proliferation in colorectal cancer via the Fdft1-mediated AKT/mTOR/HIF1α pathway suppression (2020) · cites this paper as [32]

Functional rafts in cell membranes
Simons, K., & Ikonen, E. (1997) · Nature · doi:10.1038/42408 · Cited by 9,757 · see citing works
Lipid rafts and signal transduction
Simons, K., & Toomre, D. K. (2000) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/35036052 · Cited by 6,252 · see citing works
Regulation of the mevalonate pathway
Goldstein, J. L., & Brown, M. S. (1990) · Nature · doi:10.1038/343425a0 · Cited by 5,394 · see citing works
SREBPs: activators of the complete program of cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis in the liver
Horton, J. D., Goldstein, J. L., & Brown, M. S. (2002) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci15593 · Cited by 4,285 · see citing works
SREBPs: activators of the complete program of cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis in the liver
Horton, J. D., Goldstein, J. L., & Brown, M. S. (2002) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci0215593 · Cited by 4,092 · see citing works
The SREBP pathway: regulation of cholesterol metabolism by proteolysis of a membrane-bound transcription factor
Brown, M. S., & Goldstein, J. L. (1997) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80213-5 · Cited by 3,834 · see citing works
Membrane lipid composition and cellular function.
Spector, A. A., & Yorek, M. A. (1985) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-2275(20)34276-0 · Cited by 1,485 · see citing works
Effect of Statins on Risk of Coronary Disease: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
LaRosa, J. C., He, J., & Vupputuri, S. (1999) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.282.24.2340 · Cited by 1,246 · see citing works
Statins and cancer prevention
Demierre, M., Higgins, P., Gruber, S. B., Hawk, E. T., & Lippman, S. M. (2005) · Nature reviews. Cancer · doi:10.1038/nrc1751 · Cited by 822 · see citing works
Lipid rafts: contentious only from simplistic standpoints
Hancock, J. F. (2006) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/nrm1925 · Cited by 788 · see citing works
Cholesterol targeting alters lipid raft composition and cell survival in prostate cancer cells and xenografts
Zhuang, L., Kim, J., Adam, R. M., Solomon, K. R., & Freeman, M. R. (2005) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci200519935 · Cited by 567 · see citing works
Elevated Levels of Cholesterol-Rich Lipid Rafts in Cancer Cells Are Correlated with Apoptosis Sensitivity Induced by Cholesterol-Depleting Agents
Li, Y. C., Park, M. J., Ye, S.-K., Kim, C.-W., & Kim, Y.-N. (2006) · The American Journal of Pathology · doi:10.2353/ajpath.2006.050959 · Cited by 536 · see citing works
Sterols and Isoprenoids: Signaling Molecules Derived from the Cholesterol Biosynthetic Pathway
Edwards, P. A., & Ericsson, J. (1999) · Annual Review of Biochemistry · doi:10.1146/annurev.biochem.68.1.157 · Cited by 458 · see citing works
Zaragozic acids: a family of fungal metabolites that are picomolar competitive inhibitors of squalene synthase.
Bergstrom, J. D., Kurtz, M. M., Rew, D. J., Amend, A. M., Karkas, J. D., Bostedor, R., Bansal, V. S., Dufresne, C., VanMiddlesworth, F. L., & Hensens, O. D. (1993) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.90.1.80 · Cited by 335 · see citing works
Chapter 2: The Role of Steroid Hormones in Prostate Carcinogenesis
Bosland, M. C. (2000) · JNCI Monographs · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jncimonographs.a024244 · Cited by 307 · see citing works
RNA Interference–Mediated Silencing of the <i>Acetyl-CoA-Carboxylase-α</i> Gene Induces Growth Inhibition and Apoptosis of Prostate Cancer Cells
Brusselmans, K., De Schrijver, E., Verhoeven, G., & Swinnen, J. V. (2005) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-0571 · Cited by 277 · see citing works
Self-citation
RNA interference-mediated silencing of the fatty acid synthase gene attenuates growth and induces morphological changes and apoptosis of LNCaP prostate cancer cells.
Schrijver, E. D., Brusselmans, K., Heyns, W., Verhoeven, G., & Swinnen, J. V. (2003) · PubMed · Cited by 269 · see citing works
Self-citation
Cholesterol and prostate cancer
Freeman, M. R., & Solomon, K. R. (2003) · Journal of Cellular Biochemistry · doi:10.1002/jcb.10724 · Cited by 268 · see citing works
Coordinate regulation of lipogenic gene expression by androgens: Evidence for a cascade mechanism involving sterol regulatory element binding proteins
Swinnen, J. V., Ulrix, W., Heyns, W., & Verhoeven, G. (1997) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.94.24.12975 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
Self-citation
Fatty acid synthase drives the synthesis of phospholipids partitioning into detergent-resistant membrane microdomains
Swinnen, J. V., Veldhoven, P. P. V., Timmermans, L., Schrijver, E. D., Brusselmans, K., Vanderhoydonc, F., de Sande, T. V., Heemers, H. V., Heyns, W., & Verhoeven, G. (2003) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/s0006-291x(03)00265-1 · Cited by 259 · see citing works
Self-citation
Androgens stimulate fatty acid synthase in the human prostate cancer cell line LNCaP.
Swinnen, J. V., Esquenet, M., Goossens, K., Heyns, W., & Verhoeven, G. (1997) · PubMed · Cited by 225 · see citing works
Self-citation
Blocking protein geranylgeranylation is essential for lovastatin-induced apoptosis of human acute myeloid leukemia cells
Xia, Z., Tan, M., Wong, W. W.-L., Dimitroulakos, J., Minden, M., & Penn, L. Z. (2001) · Leukemia · doi:10.1038/sj.leu.2402196 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
Squalestatin 1, a potent inhibitor of squalene synthase, which lowers serum cholesterol in vivo.
Baxter, A., Fitzgerald, B., Hutson, J. L., McCarthy, A. D., Motteram, J., Ross, B. C., Sapra, M., Snowden, M. A., Watson, N. S., & Williams, R. J. (1992) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(19)49754-8 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Caspase-7 is activated during lovastatin-induced apoptosis of the prostate cancer cell line LNCaP.
Marcelli, M., Cunningham, G. R., Haidacher, S. J., Padayatty, S. J., Sturgis, L., Kagan, C., & Denner, L. A. (1998) · PubMed · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate is a potent natural inhibitor of fatty acid synthase in intact cells and selectively induces apoptosis in prostate cancer cells
Brusselmans, K., Schrijver, E. D., Heyns, W., Verhoeven, G., & Swinnen, J. V. (2003) · International Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1002/ijc.11317 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Self-citation
Androgens, lipogenesis and prostate cancer
Swinnen, J. V., Heemers, H. V., de Sande, T. V., Schrijver, E. D., Brusselmans, K., Heyns, W., & Verhoeven, G. (2004) · The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2004.10.013 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Self-citation
Androgens Stimulate Lipogenic Gene Expression in Prostate Cancer Cells by Activation of the Sterol Regulatory Element-Binding Protein Cleavage Activating Protein/Sterol Regulatory Element-Binding Protein Pathway
Heemers, H. V., Maes, B., Foufelle, F., Heyns, W., Verhoeven, G., & Swinnen, J. V. (2001) · Molecular Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/mend.15.10.0703 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Self-citation
Protein farnesylation: Implications for normal physiology, malignant transformation, and cancer therapy
Sebti, S. M. (2005) · Cancer Cell · doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2005.04.005 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Androgens markedly stimulate the accumulation of neutral lipids in the human prostatic adenocarcinoma cell line LNCaP
Swinnen, J. V., Veldhoven, P. P. V., Esquenet, M., Heyns, W., & Verhoeven, G. (1996) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo.137.10.8828509 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Self-citation
The role of cholesterol in prostate cancer
Hager, M. H., Solomon, K. R., & Freeman, M. R. (2006) · Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care · doi:10.1097/01.mco.0000232896.66791.62 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Inhibition of Isoprenoid Biosynthesis Induces Apoptosis in Human Promyelocytic HL-60 Cells
Pérez‐Sala, D., & Mollinedo, F. (1994) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1006/bbrc.1994.1359 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Androgen Activation of the Sterol Regulatory Element-Binding Protein Pathway: Current Insights
Heemers, H. V., Verhoeven, G., & Swinnen, J. V. (2006) · Molecular Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/me.2005-0479 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Self-citation
Molecular mechanism of the anti-cancer activity of cerivastatin, an inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase, on aggressive human breast cancer cells
Denoyelle, C., Albanese, P., Uzan, G., Li, H., Vannier, J., Soria, J., & Soria, C. (2003) · Cellular Signalling · doi:10.1016/s0898-6568(02)00124-9 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Potent inhibition of small-cell lung cancer cell growth by simvastatin reveals selective functions of Ras isoforms in growth factor signalling
Khanzada, U. K., Pardo, O. E., Meier, C., Downward, J., Seckl, M. J., & Arcaro, A. (2005) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1209117 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Molecular Cloning and Functional Analysis of the Promoter of the Human Squalene Synthase Gene
Guan, G., Jiang, G., Koch, R. L., & Shechter, I. (1995) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.270.37.21958 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Self-citation
Inhibition of pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell growth by lovastatin
Sumi, S., Beauchamp, R. D., Townsend, C. M., Uchida, T., Murakami, M., Rajaraman, S., Ishizuka, J., & Thompson, J. C. (1992) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1016/0016-5085(92)90032-t · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Multiple Sequence Elements are Involved in the Transcriptional Regulation of the Human Squalene Synthase Gene
Guan, G., Dai, P., Osborne, T. F., Kim, J. B., & Shechter, I. (1997) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.272.15.10295 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Self-citation
Statins: the new aspirin?
Veillard, N. R., & Mach, F. (2002) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/pl00012505 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Structure and regulation of mammalian squalene synthase
Tansey, T. R. (2000) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids · doi:10.1016/s1388-1981(00)00137-2 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Lovastatin Induces Apoptosis of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer Cells via Inhibition of Protein Geranylgeranylation and de Novo Protein Synthesis
Zhong, W.-B., Wang, C., Chang, T., & Lee, W. (2003) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2003-0098 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Solubilization, purification, and characterization of a truncated form of rat hepatic squalene synthetase.
Shechter, I., Klinger, E., Rucker, M. L., Engstrom, R. G., Spirito, J. A., Islam, M., Boettcher, B. R., & Weinstein, D. (1992) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)42489-1 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Self-citation
p21-dependent Inhibition of Colon Cancer Cell Growth by Mevastatin Is Independent of Inhibition of G1 Cyclin-dependent Kinases
Ukomadu, C., & Dutta, A. (2003) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m307194200 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Androgen receptor modifications in prostate cancer cells upon long‐termandrogen ablation and antiandrogen treatment
Marques, R. B., Erkens‐Schulze, S., de Ridder, C. M., Hermans, K. G., Waltering, K. K., Visakorpi, T., Trapman, J., Romijn, J. C., van Weerden, W. M., & Jenster, G. W. (2005) · International Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1002/ijc.21201 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Inhibitory effect of statins on the proliferation of human breast cancer cells
Mück, A. O., Seeger, H., & Wallwiener, D. R. (2004) · International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics · doi:10.5414/cpp42695 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Disruption of lipid rafts causes apoptotic cell death in HaCaT keratinocytes
Bang, B. K., Gniadecki, R., & Gajkowska, B. (2005) · Experimental Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.0906-6705.2005.00283.x · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Differential Transcriptional Regulation of the Human Squalene Synthase Gene by Sterol Regulatory Element-binding Proteins (SREBP) 1a and 2 and Involvement of 5′ DNA Sequence Elements in the Regulation
Guan, G., Dai, P., & Shechter, I. (1998) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.273.20.12526 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Self-citation
Regulation of Intracellular Cholesterol Metabolism.
Sato, R., & Takano, T. (1995) · Cell Structure and Function · doi:10.1247/csf.20.421 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
The Mevalonate Synthesis Pathway as a Therapeutic Target in Cancer
Andela, V. B., Pirri, M., Schwarz, E. M., Puzas, E. J., Keefe, R. J. O., Rosenblatt, J. D., & Rosier, R. N. (2003) · Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research · doi:10.1097/01.blo.0000093846.72468.66 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Cholesterol-induced growth stimulation, cell aggregation, and membrane properties of ascites tumor cells in culture.
Haeffner, E. W., Hoffmann, C. J., Stoehr, M., & Scherf, H. (1984) · PubMed · Cited by 24 · see citing works

Flagged first, then by citations

Sorted by citations

Lipid metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells
Beloribi‐Djefaflia, S., Vasseur, S., & Guillaumond, F. (2016) · Oncogenesis · doi:10.1038/oncsis.2015.49 · Cited by 1,392 · see citing works
ATP-Citrate Lyase: A Key Player in Cancer Metabolism
Zaidi, N., Swinnen, J. V., & Smans, K. A. (2012) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-11-4112 · Cited by 549 · see citing works
Self-citation
Lipid metabolism in cancer cells under metabolic stress
Munir, R., Lisec, J., Swinnen, J. V., & Zaidi, N. (2019) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/s41416-019-0451-4 · Cited by 371 · see citing works
Self-citation
Mitochondrial Cholesterol Contributes to Chemotherapy Resistance in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Montero, J., Morales, A., Llacuna, L., Lluis, J. M., Terrones, O., Basáñez, G., Antonsson, B. E., Prìeto, J., García‐Ruiz, C., Colell, A., et al. (2008) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-6161 · Cited by 276 · see citing works
Intracellular Lipid Flux and Membrane Microdomains as Organizing Principles in Inflammatory Cell Signaling
Fessler, M. B., & Parks, J. S. (2011) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1100253 · Cited by 270 · see citing works
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Fasting inhibits aerobic glycolysis and proliferation in colorectal cancer via the Fdft1-mediated AKT/mTOR/HIF1α pathway suppression
Weng, M.-L., Chen, W.-K., Chen, X.-Y., Lu, H., Sun, Z.-R., Yu, Q., Sun, P.-F., Xu, Y.-J., Zhu, M.-M., Jiang, N., et al. (2020) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-020-15795-8 · Cited by 242 · see citing works
Retracted
Liver X Receptor activation downregulates AKT survival signaling in lipid rafts and induces apoptosis of prostate cancer cells
Pommier, A., Alves, G., Viennois, É., Bernard, S., Communal, Y., Sion, B., Marceau, G., Damon‐Soubeyrand, C., Mouzat, K., Caira, F., et al. (2010) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/onc.2010.30 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Anticancer Activity of the Cholesterol Exporter ABCA1 Gene
Smith, B., & Land, H. (2012) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2012.08.011 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
High ACAT1 expression in estrogen receptor negative basal-like breast cancer cells is associated with LDL-induced proliferation
Antalis, C. J., Arnold, T. S., Rasool, T., Lee, B., Buhman, K. K., & Siddiqui, R. A. (2009) · Breast Cancer Research and Treatment · doi:10.1007/s10549-009-0594-8 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Tumour microenvironment and metabolic plasticity in cancer and cancer stem cells: Perspectives on metabolic and immune regulatory signatures in chemoresistant ovarian cancer stem cells
Ahmed, N., Escalona, R. M., Leung, D. T. H., Chan, E., & Kannourakis, G. (2018) · Seminars in Cancer Biology · doi:10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.10.002 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Mitochondria, cholesterol and cancer cell metabolism
Ribas, V., García‐Ruiz, C., & Fernández-Checa, J. C. (2016) · Clinical and Translational Medicine · doi:10.1186/s40169-016-0106-5 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Reconstruction of Tissue-Specific Metabolic Networks Using CORDA
Schultz, A., & Qutub, A. A. (2016) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004808 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Genome‐wide analysis of DNA copy number alterations and gene expression in gastric cancer
Tsukamoto, Y., Uchida, T., Karnan, S., Noguchi, T., Nguyen, L., Tanigawa, M., Takeuchi, I., Matsuura, K., Hijiya, N., Nakada, C., et al. (2008) · The Journal of Pathology · doi:10.1002/path.2424 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Cholesterol Metabolic Reprogramming in Cancer and Its Pharmacological Modulation as Therapeutic Strategy
Giacomini, I., Gianfanti, F., Desbats, M. A., Orso, G., Berretta, M., Prayer‐Galetti, T., Ragazzi, E., & Cocetta, V. (2021) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2021.682911 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Cancer Cells Differentially Activate and Thrive on De Novo Lipid Synthesis Pathways in a Low-Lipid Environment
Daniëls, V. W., Smans, K. A., Royaux, I. E., Chypre, M., Swinnen, J. V., & Zaidi, N. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0106913 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Self-citation
ATP Citrate Lyase Knockdown Induces Growth Arrest and Apoptosis through Different Cell- and Environment-Dependent Mechanisms
Zaidi, N., Royaux, I. E., Swinnen, J. V., & Smans, K. A. (2012) · Molecular Cancer Therapeutics · doi:10.1158/1535-7163.mct-12-0095 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Self-citation
Mitochondrial cholesterol in health and disease.
García‐Ruiz, C., Marı́, M., Colell, A., Morales, A., Caballero, F. G., Montero, J., Terrones, O., Basáñez, G., & Fernández-Checa, J. C. (2009) · PubMed · doi:10.14670/hh-24.117 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Biosynthesis of Squalene from Farnesyl Diphosphate in Bacteria: Three Steps Catalyzed by Three Enzymes
Pan, J.-J., Solbiati, J., Ramamoorthy, G., Hillerich, B., Seidel, R. D., III, Cronan, J. E., Almo, S. C., & Poulter, C. D. (2015) · ACS Central Science · doi:10.1021/acscentsci.5b00115 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Androgens Promote Prostate Cancer Cell Growth through Induction of Autophagy
Shi, Y., Han, J. J., Tennakoon, J. B., Mehta, F. F., Merchant, F. A., Burns, A. R., Howe, M. K., McDonnell, D. P., & Frigo, D. E. (2012) · Molecular Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/me.2012-1260 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Squalene Selectively Protects Mouse Bone Marrow Progenitors Against Cisplatin and Carboplatin-Induced Cytotoxicity In Vivo Without Protecting Tumor Growth
Das, B., Antoon, R., Tsuchida, R., Lotfi, S., Morozova, O., Farhat, W. A., Malkin, D. M., Koren, G., Yeger, H., & Baruchel, S. (2008) · Neoplasia · doi:10.1593/neo.08466 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Squalene Synthase Induces Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor 1 Enrichment in Lipid Rafts to Promote Lung Cancer Metastasis
Yang, Y., Jan, Y., Liu, Y., Yang, C., Su, C., Chang, Y., Lai, T., Chiou, J., Tsai, H., Lu, J., et al. (2014) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.201404-0714oc · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Links between cancer metabolism and cisplatin resistance
Cocetta, V., Ragazzi, E., & Montopoli, M. (2020) · International review of cytology · doi:10.1016/bs.ircmb.2020.01.005 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis disrupts lipid raft/caveolae and affects insulin receptor activation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes
Sánchez, J., Dávalos, A., Herrera, E., Giera, M. A., Cano-Tebar, S., de la Peña, G., Lasunción, M. A., & Busto, R. (2009) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes · doi:10.1016/j.bbamem.2009.05.002 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Cholesterol and male fertility: What about orphans and adopted?
Maqdasy, S., Baptissart, M., Vega, A., Baron, S., Lobaccaro, J. A., & Volle, D. H. (2012) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2012.06.011 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Sparse feature selection methods identify unexpected global cellular response to strontium-containing materials
Autefage, H., Gentleman, E., Littmann, E., Hedegaard, M. A. B., von Erlach, T. C., O’Donnell, M., Burden, F. R., Winkler, D. A., & Stevens, M. M. (2015) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1419799112 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Arachidonic acid activation of intratumoral steroid synthesis during prostate cancer progression to castration resistance
Locke, J. A., Guns, E. S. T., Lehman, M., Ettinger, S., Zoubeidi, A., Lubik, A. A., Margiotti, K., Fazli, L., Adomat, H. H., Wasan, K. M., et al. (2009) · The Prostate · doi:10.1002/pros.21057 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Metastasis and chemoresistance in CD133 expressing pancreatic cancer cells are dependent on their lipid raft integrity
Gupta, V. K., Sharma, N., Kesh, K., Dauer, P., Nomura, A., Giri, B., Dudeja, V., Banerjee, S., Bhattacharya, S. K., Saluja, A. K., et al. (2018) · Cancer Letters · doi:10.1016/j.canlet.2018.09.028 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Roles of Farnesyl-Diphosphate Farnesyltransferase 1 in Tumour and Tumour Microenvironments
Hà, N. T. T., & Lee, C. H. (2020) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells9112352 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Effect of Gut Microbiota on Blood Cholesterol: A Review on Mechanisms
Deng, C., Pan, J., Zhu, H., & Chen, Z. (2023) · Foods · doi:10.3390/foods12234308 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Cholesterol Biosynthesis Pathway Intermediates and Inhibitors Regulate Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion and Secretory Granule Formation in Pancreatic β-Cells
Tsuchiya, M., Hosaka, M., Moriguchi, T., Zhang, S., Suda, M., Yokota‐Hashimoto, H., Shinozuka, K., & Takeuchi, T. (2010) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2010-0623 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Progesterone receptor membrane component 1 regulates lipid homeostasis and drives oncogenic signaling resulting in breast cancer progression
Asperger, H., Stamm, N., Gierke, B., Pawlak, M., Hofmann, U., Zanger, U. M., Marton, A., Katona, R. L., Buhala, A., Vízler, C., et al. (2020) · Breast Cancer Research · doi:10.1186/s13058-020-01312-8 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Cholesterol-Lowering Phytochemicals: Targeting the Mevalonate Pathway for Anticancer Interventions
Laka, K., Makgoo, L., & Mbita, Z. (2022) · Frontiers in Genetics · doi:10.3389/fgene.2022.841639 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Haloperidol Disrupts Lipid Rafts and Impairs Insulin Signaling in SH-SY5Y Cells
Sánchez-Wandelmer, J., Dávalos, A., de la Peña, G., Cano, S., Giera, M., Canfrán-Duque, A., Bracher, F., Martín-Hidalgo, A., Fernández-Hernando, C., Lasunción, M. A., et al. (2010) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.01.051 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Androgen‐mediated cholesterol metabolism in LNCaP and PC‐3 cell lines is regulated through two different isoforms of acyl‐coenzyme A: Cholesterol Acyltransferase (ACAT)
Locke, J. A., Wasan, K. M., Nelson, C. C., Guns, E. S. T., & Leon, C. G. (2007) · The Prostate · doi:10.1002/pros.20674 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Atypical plasma lipid profile in cancer patients: Cause or consequence?
Munir, R., Usman, H., Hasnain, S., Smans, K. A., Kalbacher, H., & Zaidi, N. (2014) · Biochimie · doi:10.1016/j.biochi.2014.03.010 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Detergent-free isolation and characterization of cholesterol-rich membrane domains from trans-Golgi network vesicles
Waugh, M. G., Chu, K. M. E., Clayton, E. L., Minogue, S., & Hsuan, J. J. (2010) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1194/jlr.d012807 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Squalene epoxidase promotes the proliferation and metastasis of lung squamous cell carcinoma cells though extracellular signal‐regulated kinase signaling
Ge, H., Zhao, Y., Shi, X., Tan, Z., Chi, X., He, M., Jiang, G., Ji, L., & Li, H. (2019) · Thoracic Cancer · doi:10.1111/1759-7714.12944 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Unique proteome signature of post-chemotherapy ovarian cancer ascites-derived tumor cells
Ahmed, N., Greening, D. W., Samardzija, C., Escalona, R. M., Chen, M., Findlay, J. K., & Kannourakis, G. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep30061 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Evidence that selective changes in the lipid composition of raft-membranes occur during respiratory syncytial virus infection
Yeo, D. S.-Y., Chan, R., Brown, G., Ying, L., Sutejo, R., Aitken, J., Tan, B. H., Wenk, M. R., & Sugrue, R. J. (2009) · Virology · doi:10.1016/j.virol.2008.12.017 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Interaction of Self-Assembled Squalenoyl Gemcitabine Nanoparticles with Phospholipid−Cholesterol Monolayers Mimicking a Biomembrane
Ambike, A. A., Rosilio, V., Stella, B., Lepêtre‐Mouelhi, S., & Couvreur, P. (2011) · Langmuir · doi:10.1021/la200002d · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Lovastatin-induced decrease of intracellular cholesterol level attenuates fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition in bronchial fibroblasts derived from asthmatic patients
Michalik, M., Soczek, E., Kosińska, M., Rak, M., Wójcik‐Pszczoła, K., Lasota, S., Pierzchalska, M., Czyż, J., & Madeja, Z. (2013) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.02.023 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
The role of cholesterol metabolism in tumor therapy, from bench to bed
Xia, W., Wang, H., Zhou, X., Wang, Y., Xue, L., Cao, B., & Song, J. (2023) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2023.928821 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Role of squalene synthase in prostate cancer risk and the biological aggressiveness of human prostate cancer
Fukuma, Y., Matsui, H., Koike, H., Sekine, Y., Shechter, I., Ohtake, N., Nakata, S., Ito, K., & Suzuki, K. (2012) · Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases · doi:10.1038/pcan.2012.14 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Self-citation
Proteomic analysis of membrane rafts of melanoma cells identifies protein patterns characteristic of the tumor progression stage
Baruthio, F., Quadroni, M., Rüegg, C., & Mariotti, A. (2008) · PROTEOMICS · doi:10.1002/pmic.200800169 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Crosstalk between cholesterol metabolism and psoriatic inflammation
Luo, L., Guo, Y., Chen, L., Zhu, J., & Li, C. (2023) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1124786 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Monoclonal Antibodies Targeting Surface-Exposed and Secreted Proteins from Staphylococci
Speziale, P., & Pietrocola, G. (2021) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines9050459 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Squalene synthase predicts poor prognosis in stage I‐III colon adenocarcinoma and synergizes squalene epoxidase to promote tumor progression
Jiang, H., Tang, E., Chen, Y., Liu, H., Zhao, Y., Lin, M., & He, L. (2021) · Cancer Science · doi:10.1111/cas.15248 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Cytotoxic Effects of Combination of Oxidosqualene Cyclase Inhibitors with Atorvastatin in Human Cancer Cells
Staedler, D., Chapuis‐Bernasconi, C., Dehmlow, H., Fischer, H., Juillerat‐Jeanneret, L., & Aebi, J. D. (2012) · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jm300256z · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Characterization of Farnesyl Diphosphate Farnesyl Transferase 1 ( FDFT1 ) Expression In Cancer
Tüzmen, Ş., Hostetter, G. H., Watanabe, A. T., Ekmekçi, C. G., Carrigan, P. E., Shechter, I., Kallioniemi, O., Miller, L. J., & Mousses, S. (2018) · Personalized Medicine · doi:10.2217/pme-2016-0058 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Self-citation
Technological advances and proteomic applications in drug discovery and target deconvolution: identification of the pleiotropic effects of statins
Banfi, C., Baetta, R., Gianazza, E., & Tremoli, E. (2017) · Drug Discovery Today · doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2017.03.001 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Fenofibrate Reduces the Asthma-Related Fibroblast-To-Myofibroblast Transition by TGF-Β/Smad2/3 Signaling Attenuation and Connexin 43-Dependent Phenotype Destabilization
Paw, M., Wnuk, D., Kądziołka, D., Sęk, A., Lasota, S., Czyż, J., Madeja, Z., & Michalik, M. (2018) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms19092571 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Targeting Cellular Squalene Synthase, an Enzyme Essential for Cholesterol Biosynthesis, Is a Potential Antiviral Strategy against Hepatitis C Virus
Saito, K., Shirasago, Y., Suzuki, T., Aizaki, H., Hanada, K., Wakita, T., Nishijima, M., & Fukasawa, M. (2014) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.03385-14 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Shedding light on membrane rafts structure and dynamics in living cells
Nieto‐Garai, J. A., Lorizate, M., & Contreras, F. ‐. (2021) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes · doi:10.1016/j.bbamem.2021.183813 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Raman spectroscopy biochemical characterisation of bladder cancer cisplatin resistance regulated by FDFT1: a review
Kanmalar, M., Sani, S. F. A., Kamri, N. I. N. B., Said, N. A. B. M., Jamil, A. H. A., Kuppusamy, S., Mun, K.-S., & Bradley, D. A. (2022) · Cellular & Molecular Biology Letters · doi:10.1186/s11658-022-00307-x · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Cancer cell lipid class homeostasis is altered under nutrient-deprivation but stable under hypoxia
Lisec, J., Jaeger, C., Rashid, R., Munir, R., & Zaidi, N. (2019) · BMC Cancer · doi:10.1186/s12885-019-5733-y · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Discovery of Potential Inhibitors of Squalene Synthase from Traditional Chinese Medicine Based on Virtual Screening and In Vitro Evaluation of Lipid-Lowering Effect
Chen, Y., Chen, X., Luo, G., Zhang, X., Lü, F., Qiao, L., He, W., Li, G., & Zhang, Y. (2018) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules23051040 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
HSL-knockout mouse testis exhibits class B scavenger receptor upregulation and disrupted lipid raft microdomains
Casado, M. E., Huerta, L., Ortiz, A. I., Pérez-Crespo, M., Gutiérrez‐Adán, A., Kraemer, F. B., Lasunción, M. A., Busto, R., & Martín‐Hidalgo, A. (2012) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1194/jlr.m028076 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Mitochondrial Cholesterol and the Paradox in Cell Death
García‐Ruiz, C., Ribas, V., Baulies, A., & Fernández-Checa, J. C. (2016) · Handbook of experimental pharmacology · doi:10.1007/164_2016_110 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Gene Expression over Time during Cell Transformation Due to Non-Genotoxic Carcinogen Treatment of Bhas 42 Cells
Ohmori, K., Kamei, A., Watanabe, Y., & Abe, K. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23063216 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Chronic Heat Stress Caused Lipid Metabolism Disorder and Tissue Injury in the Liver of Huso dauricus via Oxidative-Stress-Mediated Ferroptosis
Zhang, Y., Li, Y., Wang, R., Wang, S., Sun, B., Cao, D., Sun, Z., Lv, W., Bo, M., & Zhang, Y. (2025) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox14080926 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Use of cholesterol metabolism for anti-cancer strategies
Ediriweera, M. K. (2022) · Drug Discovery Today · doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2022.103347 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Artemisitene induces apoptosis of breast cancer cells by targeting FDFT1 and inhibits the growth of breast cancer patient-derived organoids
Chen, D., Li, G., Luo, L., Liu, K., Chu, X., Liu, K., Lai, T., Liao, Y., Lin, X., & Chen, J. (2024) · Phytomedicine · doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2024.156155 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
ATP‑binding cassette transporter A1: A promising therapy target for prostate cancer (Review)
Xiong, T., Xu, G., Huang, X., Lu, K., Xie, W., Yin, K., & Tu, J. (2017) · Molecular and Clinical Oncology · doi:10.3892/mco.2017.1506 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Effects of the antipsychotic drug haloperidol on the somastostatinergic system in SH‐SY5Y neuroblastoma cells
Sánchez, J., Hernández‐Pinto, A. M., Cano-Tebar, S., Dávalos, A., Peña, G. D. L., Puebla‐Jiménez, L., Arilla, E., Lasunción, M. A., & Busto, R. (2009) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2009.06159.x · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Cholesterol depletion decreases adhesion of non-small cell lung cancer cells to E-selectin
Mohammadalipour, A., Showalter, C. A., Muturi, H. T., Farnoud, A. M., Najjar, S. M., & Burdick, M. M. (2023) · American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00197.2020 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Delta-tocotrienol induces apoptotic cell death via depletion of intracellular squalene in ED40515 cells
Yamasaki, M., Nishimura, M., Sakakibara, Y., Suiko, M., Morishita, K., & Nishiyama, K. (2014) · Food & Function · doi:10.1039/c4fo00635f · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Reasoning on Scientific Workflows
Lacroix, Z., Legendre, C. R. L., & Tüzmen, Ş. (2009) · IEEE World Congress on Services (SERVICES) · doi:10.1109/services-i.2009.73 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
The Lipogenic Switch in Cancer
Brusselmans, K., & Swinnen, J. V. (2008) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-84835-8_3 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citation
Docosahexaenoic Acid Activates Some SREBP‐2 Targets Independent of Cholesterol and ER Stress in SW620 Colon Cancer Cells
Størvold, G. L., Fleten, K. G., Olsen, C. G., Follestad, T., Krokan, H. E., & Schønberg, S. A. (2009) · Lipids · doi:10.1007/s11745-009-3324-4 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
LXRs, SHP, and FXR in Prostate Cancer: Enemies or Ménage à Quatre With AR?
Cariello, M., Ducheix, S., Maqdasy, S., Baron, S., Moschetta, A., & Lobaccaro, J. A. (2018) · Nuclear Receptor Signaling · doi:10.1177/1550762918801070 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Microbial metabolites inhibiting sterol biosynthesis: Their chemical diversity and characteristics of the mechanism of action
Trenin, A. S. (2013) · Russian Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry · doi:10.1134/s1068162013060095 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Per1/Per2 double knockout transcriptome analysis reveals circadian regulation of hepatic lipid metabolism
Bu, Y., Chen, S., Ruan, M., Wu, L., Wang, H., Li, N., Zhao, X.-J. G., Yu, X., & Liu, Z. (2023) · Food Science and Human Wellness · doi:10.1016/j.fshw.2023.02.034 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Autophagic Activation and Decrease of Plasma Membrane Cholesterol Contribute to Anticancer Activities in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Hsu, J., Leu, W., Zhong, N., & Guh, J. (2021) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules26195967 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Absolute Configuration of Hydroxysqualene. An Intermediate in Bacterial Hopanoid Biosynthesis
Pan, J.-J., Ramamoorthy, G., & Poulter, C. D. (2016) · Organic Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.orglett.5b03546 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Identification of GPI-anchored protein LYPD1 as an essential factor for odontoblast differentiation in tooth development
Fu, Y., Miyazaki, K., Chiba, Y., Funada, K., Yuta, T., Tian, T., Mizuta, K., Kawahara, J., Zhang, L., Martı́n, D., et al. (2023) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104638 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Liver X receptors constrain tumor development and metastasis dissemination in PTEN-deficient prostate cancer
Alioui, A., Dufour, J., Leoni, V., Loregger, A., Moeton, M., Iuliano, L., Zerbinati, C., Septier, A., Val, P., Fouache, A., et al. (2017) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-017-00508-5 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Retracted
New applications of squalene synthase inhibitors: Membrane cholesterol as a therapeutic target
Kourounakis, A. P., & Bavavea, E. I. (2020) · Archiv der Pharmazie · doi:10.1002/ardp.202000085 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Decreased serum levels of glycerol-3- phosphate dehydrogenase 1 and monoacylglycerol lipase act as diagnostic biomarkers for breast cancer
Yoneten, K. K., Kasap, M., Arğa, K. Y., Akpınar, G., & Utkan, N. Z. (2021) · Cancer Biomarkers · doi:10.3233/cbm-203093 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Targeting NPC1 in Renal Cell Carcinoma
Fazliyeva, R., Makhov, P. B., Uzzo, R. G., & Kolenko, V. M. (2024) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers16030517 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Transcriptional Differences in Lipid-Metabolizing Enzymes in Murine Sebocytes Derived from Sebaceous Glands of the Skin and Preputial Glands
Klas, K., Copic, D., Direder, M., Laggner, M., Prucksamas, P. S., Грубер, Ф., Ankersmit, H. J., & Mildner, M. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms222111631 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Inhomogeneities in sodium decylsulfate doped 1,2-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine bilayer
Ortona, O., Vitagliano, V. M., Fessas, D., Vecchio, P. D., & D’Errico, G. (2009) · Journal of Colloid and Interface Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2009.11.054 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
The Contribution of Cholesterol and Squalene Synthase in Cancer: Molecular Mechanisms, Lipid Rafts and Therapeutic Approaches
Mavridi, D., Katavati, T., & Kourounakis, A. P. (2025) · Medicinal Research Reviews · doi:10.1002/med.70012 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Terbinafine for prostate cancer: development of coated zein nanospheres for ameliorated pro-apoptosis in PC3 cells
Al-Sawahli, M. M., El-Feky, Y. A., Mohammed, A. J., Mohamed, N. M., El‐Telbany, R. F. A., Alamri, Z. Z., Melebary, S. J., Alfaifi, M. Y., Elbehairi, S. E. I., Noreddin, A. M., et al. (2025) · Nanomedicine · doi:10.1080/17435889.2025.2481823 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Inferring past demography and genetic adaptation in Spain using the GCAT cohort
Garcia-Calleja, J., Biagini, S. A., de Cid, R., Calafell, F., & Bosch, E. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-98272-w · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Effects of Fdft 1 gene silencing and VD3 intervention on lung injury in hypoxia-stressed rats
Pu, X., Lin, X., Qi, Y., Li, Y., Li, T., Liu, Y., & Wei, D. (2022) · Genes & Genomics · doi:10.1007/s13258-022-01284-3 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
EMC2 promotes triple negative breast cancer growth by protecting FDFT1 from endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation to impair ferroptosis susceptibility
Dong, X., Dai, H., Yao, L., Lin, Y., Wang, Y., Li, Y., Zhang, X., Zhou, L., Lu, J., & Yin, W. (2025) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/s41388-025-03545-3 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Quantitative Gene Expression of ERG9 in Model Saccharomyces cerevisiae : Chamomile Extract For Human Cancer Treatment
Hosseinpour, M. (2016) · JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH · doi:10.7860/jcdr/2016/18149.8187 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
The mechanism and clinical application of farnesyl diphosphate farnesyltransferase 1 in cancer metabolism
Li, N., Wang, G., Guo, M., Zhu, N., & Yu, W. (2024) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150046 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Regulation of Lipid Metabolism Under Stress and Its Role in Cancer
Munir, R., & Zaidi, N. (2022) · Sub-cellular biochemistry/Subcellular biochemistry · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-07634-3_3 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Valproic acid induces ferroptosis and suppresses the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells by targeting FDFT1
Zhang, S., Liu, J., Yang, Y., Tao, R., Ren, X., Zhou, X., & Liu, S. (2025) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2025.1540667 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
The DN2 Myeloid-T (DN2mt) Progenitor is a Target Cell for Leukemic Transformation by the TLX1 Oncogene
Riz, I. (2013) · Journal of Bone Marrow Research · doi:10.4172/2329-8820.1000105 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Cancer Cell Metabolism Featuring Nrf2
Chatterjee, P., Yadav, M., Chauhan, N., Huang, Y. S., & Luo, Y. (2018) · Current Drug Discovery Technologies · doi:10.2174/1570163815666180911092443 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Cholesterol metabolism in prostate cancer
Koltai, T., Reshkin, S. J., Baltazar, F., & Fliegel, L. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-90528-2.00007-2 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Polyketides from Fungi
Contigli, C., Valle, M. S., Oloris, S. C. S., Pimenta, L. P. S., & Takahashi, J. A. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-18587-8_17 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Spectroscopic diagnosis and metabolite characterization of cisplatin resistance regulated by FDFT1 in bladder cancer tissue
Kanmalar, M., Kamal, R., Sani, S. F. A., Pathmanathan, D., Said, N. A. B. M., Paramanantham, Y., Jamil, A. H. A., Mun, K.-S., Kuppusamy, S., Almugren, K. S., et al. (2024) · Applied Radiation and Isotopes · doi:10.1016/j.apradiso.2024.111372 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Transcriptional differences of lipid-metabolizing enzymes in sebocytes derived from sebaceous glands of the skin and pre-putial glandsPreprint
Klas, K., Copic, D., Direder, M., Laggner, M., Prucksamas, P. S., Грубер, Ф., Ankersmit, H. J., & Mildner, M. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.10.07.463171 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Androgens and the Lipogenic Switch in Prostate Cancer
Swinnen, J. V., Brusselmans, K., Heemers, H. V., & Verhoeven, G. (2009) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-69179-4_31 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citation
Unraveling the Potential Pathogenic Role of Squalene Synthase (SQS) in Lung Cancer Using Enzyme Inhibitors as Molecular Tools
Katavati, T., Chatzipieris, F. P., Magkrioti, C., Stylianaki, E.-A., Aerakis, E., Grammenoudi, S., Tsoumakidou, M., Aidinis, V., Matralis, A. N., & Kourounakis, A. P. (2025) · ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1021/acsmedchemlett.5c00458 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Aberrant de novo cholesterogenesis: Clinical significance and implications
Rashid, R., Ameer, F., Kalbacher, H., Scandiuzzi, L., & Zaidi, N. (2015) · Clinica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.cca.2015.09.014 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Retraction Note: Liver X receptors constrain tumor development and metastasis dissemination in PTEN-deficient prostate cancer
Alioui, A., Dufour, J., Leoni, V., Loregger, A., Moeton, M., Iuliano, L., Zerbinati, C., Septier, A., Val, P., Fouache, A., et al. (2018) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-018-04653-3 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Retracted

The Contribution of Cholesterol and Squalene Synthase in Cancer: Molecular Mechanisms, Lipid Rafts and Therapeutic Approaches
Mavridi, D., Katavati, T., & Kourounakis, A. P. (2025) · Medicinal Research Reviews · doi:10.1002/med.70012 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Squalene synthase: an androgen-regulated determinant of raft-associated cholesterol and modulator of prostate cancer cell proliferation
Brusselmans, K., Timmermans, L., Verhoeven, G., & Swinnen, J. V. (2006)
Self-citation
Cholesterol targeting alters lipid raft composition and cell survival in prostate cancer cells and xenografts
Zhuang, L., Kim, J., Adam, R. M., Solomon, K. R., & Freeman, M. R. (2005) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci200519935 · Cited by 567 · see citing works
Molecular Regulation of Cholesterol Biosynthesis: Implications in Carcinogenesis
Singh, R. P., Kumar, R., & Kapur, N. (2003) · Journal of Environmental Pathology Toxicology and Oncology · doi:10.1615/jenvpathtoxoncol.v22.i2.10 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Cholesterol and Its Metabolites in Tumor Growth: Therapeutic Potential of Statins in Cancer Treatment
Chimento, A., Casaburi, I., Avena, P., Trotta, F., Luca, A. D., Rago, V., Pezzi, V., & Sirianni, R. (2019) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2018.00807 · Cited by 183 · see citing works

Authors: Brusselmans, K., Timmermans, L., Van de Sande, T., Van Veldhoven, P. P., Guan, G., Shechter, I., Claessens, F., Verhoeven, G., & Swinnen, J. V.
Affiliations: KU Leuven (BE)
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (US)
Corresponding author: Swinnen, Johannes V.
ORCID: Claessens, Frank
Swinnen, Johannes V.
Venue: Journal of Biological Chemistry
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2007-06
Volume: 282
Issue: 26
Pages: 18777-18785
ISSN: 0021-9258 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m611763200
OpenAlex: W2136706193
Cited by: 116
References: 49
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 8
FWCI: 2.69
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor, 4872 d)
Locations: Journal of Biological Chemistry (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Cancer, Lipids, and Metabolism
Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Cholesterol and Lipid Metabolism
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Lipid Membrane Structure and Behavior
Keywords: squalene synthase, cholesterol biosynthesis, lipid rafts, prostate cancer, androgens, tumor cell proliferation, cancer cell death, statins, zaragozic acid A, sterol biosynthesis
MeSH terms: Acetates, Androgens, Carbon Radioisotopes, Cell Division, Cholesterol, Detergents, Enzyme Inhibitors, Humans, Male, Promoter Regions, Genetic, Prostatic Neoplasms, RNA, Messenger, Farnesyl-Diphosphate Farnesyltransferase, Terpenes, Tricarboxylic Acids, Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Cell Death, Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic, Membrane Microdomains, RNA, Small Interfering, Cell Line, Tumor, Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Proteins

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Squalene Synthase, a Determinant of Raft-associated Cholesterol and Modulator of Cancer Cell Proliferation

Abstract

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks