Evolutionarily Conserved Mammalian Adenine Nucleotide Translocase 4 Is Essential for Spermatogenesis
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The adenine nucleotide translocases (Ant) facilitate the transport of ADP and ATP by an antiport mechanism across the inner mitochondrial membrane, thus playing an essential role in cellular energy metabolism. We recently identified a novel member of the Ant family in mouse, Ant4, of which gene configuration as well as amino acid homology is well conserved among mammals. The conservation of Ant4 in mammals, along with the absence of Ant4 in nonmammalian species, suggests a unique and indispensable role for this ADP/ATP carrier in mammalian development. Of interest, in contrast to its paralog Ant2, which is encoded by the X chromosome and ubiquitously expressed in somatic cells, Ant4 is encoded by an autosome and selectively expressed in testicular germ cells. Immunohistochemical examination as well as RNA expression analysis using separated spermatogenic cell types revealed that Ant4 expression was particularly high in spermatocytes. When we generated Ant4-deficient mice by targeted disruption, a significant reduction in testicular size was observed without any other distinguishable abnormalities in the mice. Histological examination as well as stage-specific gene expression analysis in adult and neonatal testes revealed a severe reduction of spermatocytes accompanied by increased apoptosis. Subsequently, the Ant4-deficient male mice were infertile. Taken together, these data elucidated the indispensable role of Ant4 in murine spermatogenesis. Considering the unique conservation and chromosomal location of the Ant family genes in mammals, the Ant4 gene may have arisen in mammalian ancestors and been conserved in mammals to serve as the sole and essential mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier during spermatogenesis where the sex chromosome-linked Ant2 gene is inactivated.
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Slc25a31 encodes ANT4, which at least in some mouse tissues may compensate for absence of ANT1 and ANT2.
“Moreover, Slc25a31 encodes another ANT isoform (i.e., ANT4), that (at least in some mouse tissues) may compensate for the absence of ANT1 and ANT2 [393, 394].”
From Molecular mechanisms of cell death: recommendations of the nomenclature committee on cell death 2018. (2018) · cites this paper as [393]
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- Authors
- Brower, J. V., Rodic, N., Seki, T., Jorgensen, M., Fliess, N., Yachnis, A. T., McCarrey, J. R., Oh, S. P., & Terada, N.
- Affiliations
- University of Florida Health (US)
- The University of Texas at San Antonio (US)
- Corresponding author
- Terada, Naohiro
- Venue
- Journal of Biological Chemistry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2007-10
- Volume
- 282
- Issue
- 40
- Pages
- 29658-29666
- ISSN
- 0021-9258 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1987339636
- Cited by
- 87
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 8.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Biological Chemistry (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK 59699, R01DK059699)
- National Center for Research Resources (R21RR017001, RR 17001)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Sperm and Testicular Function
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › ATP Synthase and ATPases Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Reproductive Biology and Fertility
- Keywords
- spermatogenesis, adenine nucleotide translocase, mitochondrial bioenergetics, spermatocytes, male infertility, testicular volume, spermatocyte apoptosis, ANT2, X chromosome inactivation, evolutionarily conserved genes, knockout mice
- MeSH terms
- Mitochondrial ADP, ATP Translocases, Adenosine Diphosphate, Adenosine Triphosphate, Animals, Gene Expression Regulation, Genetic Vectors, Humans, Male, Mice, Transgenic, Models, Biological, Phylogeny, Spermatogenesis, X Chromosome, Evolution, Molecular, Membrane Transport Proteins, Mice
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