Cited by 1,086Mitochondrial Function and PathologyCell death mechanisms and regulationATP Synthase and ATPases Research

The ADP/ATP translocator is not essential for the mitochondrial permeability transition pore

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Kokoszka, Jason E., Waymire, Katrina G., Levy, Shawn E., Sligh, James E., Cai, Jiyang, Jones, Dean P., MacGregor, Grant R., Wallace, Douglas C.·2004·Nature

Abstract

A sudden increase in permeability of the inner mitochondrial membrane, the so-called mitochondrial permeability transition, is a common feature of apoptosis and is mediated by the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mtPTP). It is thought that the mtPTP is a protein complex formed by the voltage-dependent anion channel, members of the pro- and anti-apoptotic BAX-BCL2 protein family, cyclophilin D, and the adenine nucleotide (ADP/ATP) translocators (ANTs). The latter exchange mitochondrial ATP for cytosolic ADP and have been implicated in cell death. To investigate the role of the ANTs in the mtPTP, we genetically inactivated the two isoforms of ANT in mouse liver and analysed mtPTP activation in isolated mitochondria and the induction of cell death in hepatocytes. Mitochondria lacking ANT could still be induced to undergo permeability transition, resulting in release of cytochrome c. However, more Ca2+ than usual was required to activate the mtPTP, and the pore could no longer be regulated by ANT ligands. Moreover, hepatocytes without ANT remained competent to respond to various initiators of cell death. Therefore, ANTs are non-essential structural components of the mtPTP, although they do contribute to its regulation.

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  • Concurrent knockout or knockdown of Slc25a4 and Slc25a5 (ANT1 and ANT2) or Vdac1, Vdac2, Vdac3 fails to prevent induction of MPT by oxidative stress or Ca2+ overload.

    “In particular, the concurrent knockout or knockdown of Slc25a4 and Slc25a5, which encode ANT1 and ANT2, respectively [390], or that of Vdac1, Vdac2, and Vdac3 [391, 392] fails to prevent the induction of MPT by oxidative stress or Ca2+ overload.”
  • Mitochondria isolated from Slc25a4−/−Slc25a5−/− mouse livers are desensitized to Ca2+-driven MPT to similar extent as mitochondria exposed to CsA.

    “However, mitochondria isolated from Slc25a4−/−Slc25a5−/− mouse livers are desensitized to Ca2+-driven MPT to a similar extent than mitochondria exposed to CsA [390].”
  • ANT may be a modulator of MPT rather than an essential component of the MPT pore.

    “liver mitochondria that lack the major forms of ANT (ANT1 and ANT2) can still exhibit MPT depolarization (222), suggesting that ANT may be a modulator of MPT, rather than an essential component of the MPT pore [reviewed in Ref. (247)].”

    From Redox regulation of mitochondrial function (2012) · cites this paper as [222]

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Authors
Kokoszka, J. E., Waymire, K. G., Levy, S. E., Sligh, J. E., Cai, J., Jones, D. P., MacGregor, G. R., & Wallace, D. C.
Affiliations
Emory University (US)
Corresponding author
Wallace, Douglas C.
Venue
Nature
Published
2004-01
Volume
427
Issue
6973
Pages
461-465
ISSN
  • 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
  • 1476-4687
OpenAlex
W1994442108
Cited by
1,086
References
20
Citations by year
2026: 10 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 42 · 2019: 37 · 2018: 51 · 2017: 48 · 2016: 47 · 2015: 50 · 2014: 58 · 2013: 54 · 2012: 53
FWCI
25.58
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Nature (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
  • RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • Howard Hughes Medical Institute
  • Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD036437, U01HD045913)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Cell death mechanisms and regulation
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › ATP Synthase and ATPases Research
Keywords
mitochondrial permeability transition pore, mitochondrial permeability transition, apoptosis, cyclophilin D, voltage-dependent anion channel, cytochrome c release, calcium regulation, hepatocytes, mouse liver
MeSH terms
Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore, Animals, Ion Channels, Isoenzymes, Mitochondria, Liver, Cell Death, Gene Deletion, Mice, Knockout, Hepatocytes, Mitochondrial Membrane Transport Proteins, Adenine Nucleotide Translocator 1, Adenine Nucleotide Translocator 2, Mice

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