Cited by 139Parasitic Diseases Research and TreatmentImmune Response and InflammationParasites and Host Interactions

Wolbachia Lipoprotein Stimulates Innate and Adaptive Immunity through Toll-like Receptors 2 and 6 to Induce Disease Manifestations of Filariasis

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Turner, Joseph D., Langley, R. Stuart, Johnston, Kelly L., Gentil, Katrin, Ford, Louise, Wu, Bo, Graham, Maia, Sharpley, Faye +3 more·2009·Journal of Biological Chemistry

Abstract

Wolbachia endosymbiotic bacteria have been implicated in the inflammatory pathogenesis of filariasis. Inflammation induced by Brugia malayi female worm extract (BMFE) is dependent on Toll-like receptors 2 and 6 (TLR2/6) with only a partial requirement for TLR1. Removal of Wolbachia, lipids, or proteins eliminates all inflammatory activity. Wolbachia bacteria contain the lipoprotein biosynthesis genes Ltg and LspA but not Lnt, suggesting Wolbachia proteins cannot be triacylated, accounting for recognition by TLR2/6. Lipoprotein databases revealed 3-11 potential lipoproteins from Wolbachia. Peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein (PAL) and Type IV secretion system-VirB6 were consistently predicted, and B. malayi Wolbachia PAL (wBmPAL) was selected for functional characterization. Diacylated 20-mer peptides of wBmPAL (Diacyl Wolbachia lipopeptide (Diacyl WoLP)) showed a near identical TLR2/6 and TLR2/1 usage compared with BMFE and bound directly to TLR2. Diacyl WoLP induced systemic tumor necrosis factor-alpha and neutrophil-mediated keratitis in mice. Diacyl WoLP activated monocytes induce up-regulation of gp38 on human lymphatic endothelial cells and induced dendritic cell maturation and activation. Dendritic cells primed with BMFE generated a non-polarized Th1/Th2 CD4+ T cell profile, whereas priming with Wolbachia depleted extracts (following tetracycline treatment; BMFEtet) polarized to a Th2 profile that could be reversed by reconstitution with Diacyl WoLP. BMFE generated IgG1 and IgG2c antibody responses, whereas BMFEtet or inoculation of TLR2 or MyD88-/- mice produced defective IgG2c responses. Thus, in addition to innate inflammatory activation, Wolbachia lipoproteins drive interferon-gamma-dependent CD4+ T cell polarization and antibody switching.

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  • Wolbachia molecules interact with macrophages through TLR2, TLR4, or TLR6 in onchocerciasis and filariasis.

    “Interactions between Wolbachia molecules and macrophages occurring through the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family (TLR2, TLR4, or TLR6) have been shown in cases of onchocerciasis and filariasis (60,429).”

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  1. [8]Gillette-Ferguson I. Hise A. G. McGarry H. F. Turner J. Esposito A. Sun Y. Diaconu E. Taylor M. J. Pearlman E. (2004) Infect. Immun. 72, 5687– 5692 15385467 PMC517527
  2. [10]Gillette-Ferguson I. Hise A. G. Sun Y. Diaconu E. McGarry H. F. Taylor M. J. Pearlman E. (2006) Infect. Immun. 74, 2442– 2445 16552075 PMC1418907
  3. [11]Gillette-Ferguson I. Daehnel K. Hise A. G. Sun Y. Carlson E. Diaconu E. McGarry H. F. Taylor M. J. Pearlman E. (2007) Infect. Immun. 75, 5908– 5915 17875630 PMC2168349
  4. [28]Buwitt-Beckmann U. Heine H. Wiesmüller K. H. Jung G. Brock R. Akira S. Ulmer A. J. (2005) Eur. J. Immunol. 35, 282– 289 15580661

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Authors
Turner, J. D., Langley, R. S., Johnston, K. L., Gentil, K., Ford, L., Wu, B., Graham, M., Sharpley, F., Slatko, B., Pearlman, E., & Taylor, M. J.
Affiliations
  • Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine (GB)
  • Case Western Reserve University (US)
  • New England Biolabs (United States) (US)
Corresponding author
Taylor, Mark J.
Venue
Journal of Biological Chemistry
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2009-08
Volume
284
Issue
33
Pages
22364-22378
ISSN
0021-9258 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W1975262958
Cited by
139
References
58
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 21
FWCI
11.23
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Journal of Biological Chemistry (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • LSTM Online Archive (Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • Wellcome Trust
  • National Eye Institute (EY 10320, EY-11373, R01EY010320, P30EY011373)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Parasitic Diseases Research and Treatment
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Parasitology › Parasites and Host Interactions
Keywords
Wolbachia, filariasis, Brugia malayi, lipoproteins, peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein, TLR2/6, TLR2/1, innate immunity, adaptive immunity, inflammation, TNF-α, keratitis, dendritic cell maturation, Th1/Th2 polarization, antibody isotype switching, IgG2c, MyD88, tetracycline, endosymbionts
MeSH terms
Animals, Brugia, Cell Line, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Female, Filariasis, Humans, Immune System, Lipoproteins, Mice, Transgenic, Models, Biological, Wolbachia, Toll-Like Receptor 2, Toll-Like Receptor 6, Mice

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