Silence in Intercultural Communication: Perceptions and performance

Silence in the Second Language Classrooms of Japanese Universities

King, J. (2013) · Applied Linguistics · doi:10.1093/applin/ams043 · Cited by 163 · see citing works

Silence as right, choice, resistance and strategy among Chinese ‘Me Generation’ students: implications for pedagogy

Hà, P. L., & Li, B. (2012) · Discourse Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education · doi:10.1080/01596306.2012.745733 · Cited by 67 · see citing works

Privileging of Speech in EAP and Mainstream University Classrooms: A Critical Evaluation of Participation

Ellwood, C., & Nakane, I. (2009) · TESOL Quarterly · doi:10.1002/j.1545-7249.2009.tb00165.x · Cited by 62 · see citing works

Rethinking Critical Pedagogy: Implications on Silence and Silent Bodies

Hao, R. N. (2011) · Text and Performance Quarterly · doi:10.1080/10462937.2011.573185 · Cited by 57 · see citing works

Conversational Humour and (Im)politeness

Sinkeviciute, V. (2019) · Topics in humor research · doi:10.1075/thr.8 · Cited by 45 · see citing works

Silence and Memories of War: An Autoethnographic Exploration of Family Secrecy

Rober, P., & Rosenblatt, P. C. (2015) · Family Process · doi:10.1111/famp.12174 · Cited by 44 · see citing works

The social practice of silence in intercultural classrooms at a UK university

Wang, S., Moskal, M., & Schweisfurth, M. (2020) · Compare A Journal of Comparative and International Education · doi:10.1080/03057925.2020.1798215 · Cited by 44 · see citing works

‘Double deficit’ and exclusion: Mediated language ideologies and international students’ multilingualism

Bodis, A. (2020) · Multilingua · doi:10.1515/multi-2019-0106 · Cited by 38 · see citing works

A dynamic systems approach to wait time in the second language classroom

Smith, L., & King, J. (2017) · System · doi:10.1016/j.system.2017.05.005 · Cited by 37 · see citing works

The Englishization of Higher Education in Europe

(2021) · Amsterdam University Press eBooks · doi:10.2307/j.ctv21ptzkn · Cited by 38 · see citing works

Problem-solving discourse on an international construction site: Patterns and practices

Handford, M., & Matouš, P. (2015) · English for Specific Purposes · doi:10.1016/j.esp.2014.12.002 · Cited by 34 · see citing works

To speak or not to speak in the new Taiwanese university: class participation and identity construction in linguistically and culturally diverse graduate classrooms

Lin, S. (2017) · Language and Intercultural Communication · doi:10.1080/14708477.2017.1337778 · Cited by 30 · see citing works

Affect in EMI at a German university: Comparing insights from teachers, home, and international students

Hunter, M., & Lanvers, U. (2021) · White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York) · Cited by 26 · see citing works

Language anxiety and learner silence in the classroom from a cognitive-behavioral perspective

Maher, K., & King, J. (2023) · Annual Review of Applied Linguistics · doi:10.1017/s0267190523000077 · Cited by 24 · see citing works

Form‐focused instruction and learner investment in L2 communication

Tomita, Y., & Spada, N. M. (2013) · Modern Language Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1540-4781.2013.12031.x · Cited by 24 · see citing works

Silence in the Foreign Language Classroom: The Emotional Challenges for L2 Teachers

Smith, L., & King, J. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-75438-3_18 · Cited by 23 · see citing works

Talk, silence and anxiety during one-to-one tutorials: A cross-cultural comparative study of Japan and UK undergraduates’ tolerance of silence

King, J., & Aono, A. (2017) · Asia Pacific Education Review · doi:10.1007/s12564-017-9503-8 · Cited by 22 · see citing works

Conceptualizing and describing autistic language: Moving on from ‘verbal’, ‘minimally verbal’ and ‘nonverbal’

Bottema‐Beutel, K., Zisk, A. H., Zimmerman, J., & Yu, B. (2025) · Autism · doi:10.1177/13623613251332573 · Cited by 23 · see citing works

‘The Silence Kills Me.’: ‘Silence’ as a Trigger of Speaking-Related Anxiety in the English-Medium Classroom

Maher, K., & King, J. (2022) · English Teaching & Learning · doi:10.1007/s42321-022-00119-4 · Cited by 21 · see citing works

Examining space, silence, and agency in language socialization of an international student in the EAP and mainstream courses

Soltani, B., & Trần, L. T. (2022) · TESOL Quarterly · doi:10.1002/tesq.3164 · Cited by 20 · see citing works

Firing the Imagination: Process Drama as Pedagogy for ‘Melting’ EAP Speaking Anxiety and Increasing Japanese University Students’ Confidence in Speaking

Araki, N., & Raphael, J. (2018) · English language education · doi:10.1007/978-981-10-8264-1_3 · Cited by 20 · see citing works

East Asian and native-English-speaking students’ participation in the graduate-level American classroom

Takahashi, J. (2019) · Communication Education · doi:10.1080/03634523.2019.1566963 · Cited by 20 · see citing works

The Semantics of Chinese Music

Tien, A. (2015) · Cognitive linguistic studies in cultural contexts · doi:10.1075/clscc.5 · Cited by 18 · see citing works

‘No chance to speak’: developing a pedagogical response to turn-taking problems

Ryan, J., & Forrest, L. (2019) · Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching · doi:10.1080/17501229.2019.1687709 · Cited by 16 · see citing works

Uncovering ethical concerns through reflexivity—ethics in practice in fieldwork

Takeda, A. (2021) · International Journal of Social Research Methodology · doi:10.1080/13645579.2021.1889828 · Cited by 15 · see citing works

Japanese University Students’ Perceptions of Foreign English Teachers

Egitim, S., & Garcia, T. M. (2021) · English Language Teaching · doi:10.5539/elt.v14n5p13 · Cited by 15 · see citing works

Silence

Nakane, I. (2012) · doi:10.1002/9781118247273.ch9 · Cited by 15 · see citing works

Pause Length and Differences in Cognitive State Attribution in Native and Non-Native Speakers

Matzinger, T., Pleyer, M., & Żywiczyński, P. (2023) · Languages · doi:10.3390/languages8010026 · Cited by 13 · see citing works

“Learning lords” and “ink in your stomach”: eliciting Chinese EFL students’ beliefs about classroom participation

Girardelli, D., Kelly, S. E., Chen, B., Zhou, X., & Gu, T. (2020) · Communication Education · doi:10.1080/03634523.2020.1723804 · Cited by 13 · see citing works

Classroom Silence and the Dynamic Interplay between Context and the Language Learner: A Stimulated Recall Study

King, J. (2016) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1057/9781137457134_8 · Cited by 13 · see citing works

Investigating willingness to communicate vis-à-vis learner talk in a low-proficiency EAP classroom in the UK study-abroad context

Zhou, Q. (2023) · IRAL - International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching · doi:10.1515/iral-2022-0219 · Cited by 12 · see citing works

How Should We Interpret Silence in Qualitative Communication Studies?

Müller, N., Tavares, P., & Simão, J. P. (2024) · Social Sciences · doi:10.3390/socsci13060310 · Cited by 12 · see citing works

Toward the Role of EFL/ESL Students’ Silence as a Facilitative Element in Their Success

Hu, J. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.737123 · Cited by 12 · see citing works

Linguistic and psychological perspectives on prolonged periods of silence in dual-language learners

Pichon, E. L., & de Jonge, M. V. (2015) · International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism · doi:10.1080/13670050.2015.1007918 · Cited by 12 · see citing works

Silence in Intercultural Collaboration: A Sino-Dutch Research Centre

Verouden, N. W., van der Sanden, M. V. D., & Aarts, N. (2018) · Advances in Applied Sociology · doi:10.4236/aasoci.2018.82008 · Cited by 9 · see citing works

Intersections of silence and empathy in heritage practice

Kidd, J., & Sayner, J. (2018) · International Journal of Heritage Studies · doi:10.1080/13527258.2018.1475414 · Cited by 11 · see citing works

THE MEANING OF SILENCE IN PERSONAL COMMUNICATION: SPIRAL OF SILENCE OR A STIMULANT OF CREATIVITY?

Baltezarević, R., Kwiatek, P., Baltezarević, B., & Baltezarević, V. (2022) · Creativity Studies · doi:10.3846/cs.2022.11374 · Cited by 10 · see citing works

The multiple meanings of silence in social psychology

Bao, D. (2023) · Environment and Social Psychology · doi:10.54517/esp.v8i3.2058 · Cited by 15 · see citing works

Tracking foreign language teacher emotional reactions to student silence: An autoethnographic case study in Japan

Shachter, J. (2023) · Journal of Silence Studies in Education · doi:10.31763/jsse.v2i2.68 · Cited by 8 · see citing works

Stimulated recall, teacher beliefs, and teacher practices: Using structured reflective practice to examine teacher talk

Ahmed, A., & Leider, C. M. (2024) · TESOL Journal · doi:10.1002/tesj.838 · Cited by 8 · see citing works

Reticence as participation: Discourses of resistance from Asians in America

Yi, J. H. (2020) · The Review of Education Pedagogy & Cultural Studies · doi:10.1080/10714413.2020.1757959 · Cited by 8 · see citing works

Tertiary-level students’ L2 reticence in relation to teacher leadership in an English-medium classroom

Kang, D.-M., & Zhu, J. (2022) · System · doi:10.1016/j.system.2022.102776 · Cited by 8 · see citing works

“For the Record”: applying linguistics to improve evidential consistency in police investigative interview records

Haworth, K., Tompkinson, J., Richardson, E., Deamer, F., & Hamann, M. G. T. (2023) · Frontiers in Communication · doi:10.3389/fcomm.2023.1178516 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

Using Silence to “Pass”: Embodiment and Interactional Categorization in a Diasporic Context

Wagner, L. B. (2014) · Multilingua · doi:10.1515/multi-2014-1039 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

Silence as a pedagogical issue: Heuristic perspectives

Король, А. Д. (2022) · Journal of Silence Studies in Education · doi:10.31763/jsse.v1i2.11 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

Beyond the language barrier: A systematic review of selective mutism in culturally and linguistically diverse children

Slobodin, O. (2023) · Transcultural Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/13634615221146435 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

Behind the invisible curtain: Silence as a multimodal negotiation space in group Q-and-A sessions at a Japanese university

Takahashi, J. (2023) · Journal of Silence Studies in Education · doi:10.31763/jsse.v2i2.69 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

The Perceived Value of Silence and Spoken Words in Malaysian Interactions

Hei, K. C., Ling, W. N., & David, M. K. (2015) · SEARCH The Journal of the South East Asia Research Centre for Communication and Humanities · doi:10.7603/s40931-015-0003-1 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

Scrutinising Critical Thinking (CT) in Chinese Higher Education: Perceptions of Chinese Academics

Wang, A., Liyanage, I., & Walker, T. (2019) · Multilingual education yearbook · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-14386-2_11 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

Silence behind the Veil: An Exploratory Investigation into the Reticence of Female Saudi Arabian Learners of English

Al‐Ahmadi, S. T., & King, J. (2022) · TESOL Quarterly · doi:10.1002/tesq.3163 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

An exploration of the communication strategies used when culture-laden words are translated from Japanese to Arabic in ELF interaction

Houghton, S., & Al-Asswad, K. A. (2014) · Linguistics and Education · doi:10.1016/j.linged.2014.08.001 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

Use your languages! From monolingual to multilingual interaction in a language class

Kyppö, A., Natri, T., Pietarinen, M., & Saaristo, P. (2015) · doi:10.14705/rpnet.2015.000297 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

A Systematic Review of Multifaceted Silence in Social Psychology

Bao, D. (2025) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs15091220 · Cited by 9 · see citing works

Challenges and opportunities for expatriate faculty teaching graduation seminar classes in Japanese universities

Hawkes, M., & Adamson, C. (2023) · Asian-Pacific Journal of Second and Foreign Language Education · doi:10.1186/s40862-022-00176-z · Cited by 6 · see citing works

Eloquent Silence, a Pragmatic Concept in Persian Language

مقدم, آ. ش., Chavoshi, G., & Zadeh, V. A. (2014) · Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.05.323 · Cited by 6 · see citing works

Voices from the voiceless: Iranian EFL students' attitudes toward English

Ghavamnia, M., & Ketabi, S. (2013) · Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching · doi:10.1080/17501229.2013.849708 · Cited by 6 · see citing works

Investigating why Japanese students remain silent in Australian university classrooms

Sasaki, Y., & Ortlieb, E. (2017) · Journal of Asian Pacific Communication · doi:10.1075/japc.27.1.05sas · Cited by 6 · see citing works

The Linguistic Mechanisms of Trauma Discourse

Matei, M.-G. (2013) · Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.08.711 · Cited by 6 · see citing works

The sound of learning in silence: culturally responsive teaching for Chinese students in UK higher education

Ali, S. A. (2025) · Cogent Education · doi:10.1080/2331186x.2025.2588835 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

Selective mutism in immigrant families: An ecocultural perspective

Slobodin, O., Shorer, M., Friedman-Zeltzer, G., & Fennig, S. (2023) · Transcultural Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/13634615231202095 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

The silent language of connection

Anjum, S. W., Wang, J., Fu, W., & Ye, Z. (2025) · Journal of International Students · doi:10.32674/82x7j075 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Exploring the silence of Japanese EFL learners: Its relationship with the degree of willingness to communicate (WTC)

Satō, R. (2024) · Language Teaching Research · doi:10.1177/13621688241291932 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Intimate sounds of silence: its motives and consequences in romantic relationships

Weinstein, N., Nguyen, T.-V. T., Adams, M., & Knee, C. R. (2024) · Motivation and Emotion · doi:10.1007/s11031-024-10078-x · Cited by 9 · see citing works

A critical review of L2 teaching and learning research in Japan (2019–2023)

Terasawa, T., & Segawa, H. (2025) · Language Teaching · doi:10.1017/s0261444825000072 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Translanguaging silence and humor: Registering, resisting, and reconstructing identities in an English‐medium classroom in the United States

Xiao, G. (2026) · Modern Language Journal · doi:10.1111/modl.70024 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Reassessing Clarification Request Strategies within English-Speaking Japanese Business Discourse: Clarification of Message Delivery and Pragmatic Ambiguity

Sato, Y. (2022) · Business Communication Research and Practice · doi:10.22682/bcrp.2022.5.2.58 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

The Types of Nonverbal Communication Cues with Reference to Refugeeism

Hussein, B. A., & Mahmood, R. K. (2020) · Journal of Raparin University · doi:10.26750/vol(7).no(2).paper8 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

A Discourse Study of Rhetorical Silence in Persian and English Literature

Behnam, B., & Nosratzadegan, N. (2014) · International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development · doi:10.6007/ijarped/v3-i4/1199 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

On Observing Student Silence

Amundrud, T. (2011) · Qualitative Inquiry · doi:10.1177/1077800411401190 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Social Cognition of Temporality and Environment: Lingua Franca English Construction

Tanaka, H., & Nechita, F. (2020) · Business Communication Research and Practice · doi:10.22682/bcrp.2020.3.1.17 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Intercultural pragmatics in the Global Englishes context: Some implications for developing intercultural communicative competence

Sztencel, M. (2020) · Beyond Philology An International Journal of Linguistics Literary Studies and English Language Teaching · doi:10.26881/bp.2020.3.01 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Perceptions of Silence in the Classroom

Ducker, N. (2020) · The TESOL Encyclopedia of English Language Teaching · doi:10.1002/9781118784235.eelt0987 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Cultural Pluralism and Communication

Olteanu, A. (2021) · doi:10.1093/obo/9780199756841-0264 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Analysis of classroom silence behaviors among Chinese and Korean undergraduates

Zhang, J., Fang, Z., & Rhee, G. S. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1674145 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Problematizing Silence in Research Involving Vulnerable Older Adults

Akram, O., & Baxter, R. (2025) · International Journal of Qualitative Methods · doi:10.1177/16094069251354848 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Unheard or Unwilling? Exploring the Dynamics of Silence and Silencing in Saudi Female EFL Classrooms

Alhetah, F., & Alharbi, M. A. (2026) · International Journal of Applied Linguistics · doi:10.1111/ijal.70097 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Silence: A predicament for feminist anthropology and social innovation

Aithamon, M. (2022) · Feminist Anthropology · doi:10.1002/fea2.12096 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Preserving Historical Memory through Educational Silence Practice

Король, А. Д. (2022) · Interchange · doi:10.1007/s10780-022-09475-3 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Capturing Talk: The Institutional Practices Surrounding the Transcription of Spoken Language

(2024) · Frontiers research topics · doi:10.3389/978-2-8325-4933-9 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Silence in English Cross-Cultural Interaction

Ibrahim, A. H., Sadkhan, R. M., & Khanfar, A. M. (2023) · World Journal of English Language · doi:10.5430/wjel.v13n7p394 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

The sakoku period and the current state of English learning in Japan

Garside, P. (2024) · Globalisation Societies and Education · doi:10.1080/14767724.2024.2361028 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

How Can We Raise Global Citizens at Home: Evidence from an Intercultural Virtual Collaboration Between The Netherlands and Japan

Rompay-Bartels, I. V., & Watkins, C. (2025) · Sustainable development goals series · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-76418-9_4 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

The Role of Culture in Shaping Chinese Argumentation Theories: A Comparison of Argumentation in Chinese and Greco-Roman Classical Rhetorical Traditions

Li, X. (2025) · Argumentation · doi:10.1007/s10503-025-09662-3 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Growth mindset praise in elementary school English education

Kidachi, K., & Leis, A. (2025) · Language Teaching for Young Learners · doi:10.1075/ltyl.25004.kid · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Paralinguistic expressions of respect in spoken interaction: a cross-cultural study of Uzbek, Japanese, and American English

Yusupova, S. (2025) · International Journal of Multilingualism · doi:10.1080/14790718.2025.2571772 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Redefining the speaking construct for ELF oral assessment: conversation analysis and framework development in a Japanese university context

Goli, A., & Maluleke, N. (2026) · Language Testing in Asia · doi:10.1186/s40468-026-00449-1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Reforging cultural identity through global virtual exchange: a case study of an Asia-Africa project

Zhao, X., Chen, K., Vahed, A., & Khoza, T. E. (2026) · Pedagogy Culture and Society · doi:10.1080/14681366.2026.2669639 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Characteristics of silence among Chinese people in intercultural communication: a proceduralized grounded theory analysis

Fan, H., & Xiang, W. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1840234 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

The Potential of Silence in Education: Methodological and Didactic Prerequisites

Король, А. Д. (2021) · Высшее образование в России · doi:10.31992/0869-3617-2021-30-4-49-61 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Transforming the Way We Speak, Transforming the Way We Listen: Dialogue and the Transformation of Relationships

Chaitin, J. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-15-3877-3_56-1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Silence

Kurzon, D. (2015) · John Benjamins Publishing Company eBooks · doi:10.1075/hop.19.sil1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Students’ Affective Silence in English Classroom Interaction

Muhayyang, M., Nasta, M., Hasriani, G., & Sakkir, G. (2023) · Eralingua Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Asing dan Sastra · doi:10.26858/eralingua.v7i2.35751 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

A cross-cultural approach to cognitive state attribution based on inter-turn speech pauses

Matzinger, T., Pleyer, M., Zhang, E. Q., & Żywiczyński, P. (2024) · Interaction Studies Social Behaviour and Communication in Biological and Artificial Systems · doi:10.1075/is.24044.mat · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Coping Response to Workplace Violence Among Healthcare Workers in the Emergency Department: A Qualitative StudyPreprint

Salim, N. H. A., Isa, M. H., Chew, K. S., Noor, M. Z. M., & Samat, A. H. A. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-124939/v1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Silence

Covarrubias, P. O. (2015) · The International Encyclopedia of Language and Social Interaction · doi:10.1002/9781118611463.wbielsi074 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Emic approach to research on conversational gap in the foreign language classroom

Wanphet, P. (2015) · Revista Española de Lingüística Aplicada/Spanish Journal of Applied Linguistics · doi:10.1075/resla.28.1.15wan

Review of Mulayim, Lai & Norma (2015): Police investigative interviews and interpreting: Context, challenges, and strategies & Nakane (2014): Interpreter-mediated police interviews: A discourse pragmatic approach

Perez, I. (2016) · Interpreting International Journal of Research and Practice in Interpreting · doi:10.1075/intp.18.1.06per

The Dynamic Interplay between Language and Social Context in the Language Classroom: Interpersonal Turn Taking for ELF Learners

Handford, M. (2016) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1057/9781137457134_9

5. Interpreting Guqin Master Xu's "24 virtues" with NSM

Tien, A. (2015) · Cognitive linguistic studies in cultural contexts · doi:10.1075/clscc.5.05ch5

4. Being "graceful", "well-moderated" and "restrained"

Tien, A. (2015) · Cognitive linguistic studies in cultural contexts · doi:10.1075/clscc.5.04ch4

EXPLORING SILENCE IN SPECIFIC COMMUNITIES

Ungureanu, C. (2022) · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) · doi:10.5281/zenodo.7476307

Silence in Intercultural Communication: Perceptions and Performance

Nakane, I. (2007) · Cited by 99 · see citing works

Cross-Cultural Comparative Analysis of Silence,one Non-Verbal Communication Acts,in the Context of Cross-Cultural Communication

Hua, Z. (2009) · Journal of Ankang University

SILENCE IN JAPANESE-AUSTRALIAN CLASSROOM INTERACTION: PERCEPTIONS AND PERFORMANCE

Nakane, I. (2003) · UPT. Syiah Kuala University Library (Syiah Kuala University) · Cited by 10 · see citing works

An Overview of the Research on Silence in Intercultural Communication

Liu, T. (2006) · Journal of Changsha University