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Minimal Neuropsychological Assessment of MS Patients: A Consensus Approach

Benedict, Ralph H.B., Fischer, Jill S., Archibald, Cate J., Arnett, Peter A., Beatty, William W., Bobholz, Julie, Chelune, Gordon J., Fisk, John D., Langdon, Dawn W., Caruso, Lauren, Foley, Fred, LaRocca, Nicholas G., Vowels, Lindsey, Weinstein, Amy, DeLuca, John, Rao, Stephen M., Munschauer, Frederick·2002·The Clinical Neuropsychologist

Abstract

Cognitive impairment is common in multiple sclerosis (MS), yet patients seen in MS clinics and neurologic practices are not routinely assessed neuropsychologically. In part, poor utilization of NP services may be attributed to a lack of consensus among neuropsychologists regarding the optimal approach for evaluating MS patients. An expert panel composed of neuropsychologists and psychologists from the United States, Canada, United Kingdom, and Australia was convened by the Consortium of MS Centers (CMSC) in April, 2001. Our objectives were to: (a) propose a minimal neuropsychological (NP) examination for clinical monitoring of MS patients and research, and (b) identify strategies for improving NP assessment of MS patients in the future. The panel reviewed pertinent literature on MS-related cognitive dysfunction, considered psychometric factors relevant to NP assessment, defined the purpose and optimal characteristics of a minimal NP examination in MS, and rated the psychometric and practical properties of 36 candidate NP measures based on available literature. A 90-minute NP battery, the Minimal Assessment of Cognitive Function in MS (MACFIMS), emerged from this discussion. The MACFIMS is composed of seven neuropsychological tests, covering five cognitive domains commonly impaired in MS (processing speed/working memory, learning and memory, executive function, visual-spatial processing, and word retrieval). It is supplemented by a measure of estimated premorbid cognitive ability. Recommendations for assessing other factors that may potentially confound interpretation of NP data (e.g., visual/sensory/motor impairment, fatigue, and depression) are offered, as well as strategies for improving NP assessment of MS patients in the future.

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Metadata

Authors
Benedict, R. H. B., Fischer, J. S., Archibald, C. J., Arnett, P. A., Beatty, W. W., Bobholz, J., Chelune, G. J., Fisk, J. D., Langdon, D. W., Caruso, L., Foley, F., LaRocca, N. G., Vowels, L., Weinstein, A., DeLuca, J., Rao, S. M., & Munschauer, F.
Venue
The Clinical Neuropsychologist
Published
2002-08
Volume
16
Issue
3
Pages
381-397
ISSN
  • 0920-1637 (ISSN-L)
  • 1385-4046
  • 1744-4144
OpenAlex
W2114753322
Cited by
659
References
6
FWCI
7.35
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Minimal Neuropsychological Assessment of MS Patients: A Consensus Approach. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1076/clin.16.3.381.13859
The paper
Benedict, R. H. B., Fischer, J. S., Archibald, C. J., Arnett, P. A., Beatty, W. W., Bobholz, J., Chelune, G. J., Fisk, J. D., Langdon, D. W., Caruso, L., Foley, F., LaRocca, N. G., Vowels, L., Weinstein, A., DeLuca, J., Rao, S. M., & Munschauer, F. (2002). Minimal Neuropsychological Assessment of MS Patients: A Consensus Approach. The Clinical Neuropsychologist. https://doi.org/10.1076/clin.16.3.381.13859

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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.