Cognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis.: II. Impact on employment and social functioning
Abstract
We designed a study to assess the specific contribution of cognitive dysfunction to multiple sclerosis patients' problems in daily living. Based on the results of a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery, we classified 100 MS patients as either cognitively intact (N = 52) or cognitively impaired (N = 48). In addition to a neurologic examination, MS patients completed questionnaires on mood and social functioning, underwent a comprehensive in-home occupational therapy evaluation, and were rated by a close relative or friend regarding specific personality characteristics. While there were no significant differences between the two groups on measures of physical disability and illness duration, patients in the cognitively impaired group were less likely to be working, engaged in fewer social and avocational activities, reported more sexual dysfunction, experienced greater difficulty in performing routine household tasks, and exhibited more psychopathology than cognitively intact patients. These findings suggest that cognitive dysfunction is a major factor in determining the quality of life of patients with MS.
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Fatigue and cognitive impairment are the disease-related factors that most reduce quality of life in multiple sclerosis.
“With regard to disease related factors, fatigue and cognitive impairment have been found to be the greatest culprits in reducing QOL in MS.”
From Quality of life and psychological well-being in the early stages of multiple sclerosis (MS): importance of adopting a biopsychosocial model (2018) · cites this paper as [27]
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- Authors
- Rao, S. M., Leo, G. J., Ellington, L., Nauertz, T., Bernardin, L., & Unverzagt, F.
- Affiliations
- Medical College of Wisconsin (US)
- Venue
- Neurology
- Published
- 1991-05
- Volume
- 41
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 692-696
- ISSN
- 0028-3878 (ISSN-L)
- 1526-632X
- OpenAlex
- W2007948644
- Cited by
- 890
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 35 · 2019: 26 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 42 · 2016: 40 · 2015: 43 · 2014: 33 · 2013: 41 · 2012: 42
- FWCI
- 6.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (K04 NS01055-04, K04NS001055, R01 NS22128-05, R01NS022128)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Cancer-related cognitive impairment studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Keywords
- multiple sclerosis, cognitive impairment, activities of daily living, quality of life, occupational therapy, mood, social functioning, sexual dysfunction, psychopathology, housework, work participation
- MeSH terms
- Activities of Daily Living, Adult, Cognition, Cognition Disorders, Demography, Employment, Female, Humans, Male, Multiple Sclerosis, Reference Values, Social Behavior, Case-Control Studies
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