Conflict monitoring versus selection-for-action in anterior cingulate cortex
Abstract
The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), on the medial surface of the frontal lobes of the brain, is widely believed to be involved in the regulation of attention. Beyond this, however, its specific contribution to cognition remains uncertain. One influential theory has interpreted activation within the ACC as reflecting 'selection-for-action', a set of processes that guide the selection of environmental objects as triggers of or targets for action. We have proposed an alternative hypothesis, in which the ACC serves not to exert top-down attentional control but instead to detect and signal the occurrence of conflicts in information processing. Here, to test this theory against the selection-for-action theory, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to measure brain activation during performance of a task where, for a particular subset of trials, the strength of selection-for-action is inversely related to the degree of response conflict. Activity within the ACC was greater during trials featuring high levels of conflict (and weak selection-for-action) than during trials with low levels of conflict (and strong selection-for-action), providing evidence in favour of the conflict-monitoring account of ACC function.
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The dlPFC and parietal cortex have reciprocal projections with the dACC.
“The dlPFC and parietal cortex have reciprocal projections with the dACC”
From When Is an Adolescent an Adult? Assessing Cognitive Control in Emotional and Nonemotional Contexts (2016) · cites this paper as Botvinick, Nystrom, Fissell, Carter, & Cohen, 1999
Neuroimaging investigations have provided evidence for a role of ACC in metacognitive functions such as performance monitoring and conflict detection.
“For the ACC in particular, this possibility draws support from neuroimaging investigations that have provided evidence for a role of ACC in metacognitive functions such as performance monitoring and conflict detection (Carter et al., 1998; Botvinick et al., 1999).”
From Allostatic Self-efficacy: A Metacognitive Theory of Dyshomeostasis-Induced Fatigue and Depression (2016) · cites this paper as Botvinick et al., 1999
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- Authors
- Botvinick, M., Nystrom, L. E., Fissell, K., Carter, C. S., & Cohen, J. D.
- Affiliations
- Carnegie Mellon University (US)
- Princeton University (US)
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Botvinick, Matthew
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 1999-11
- Volume
- 402
- Issue
- 6758
- Pages
- 179-181
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W1659864209
- Cited by
- 2,044
- References
- 19
- Citations by year
- 2026: 23 · 2025: 36 · 2024: 59 · 2023: 45 · 2022: 50 · 2021: 52 · 2020: 69 · 2019: 64 · 2018: 64 · 2017: 91 · 2016: 98 · 2015: 101 · 2014: 118 · 2013: 121 · 2012: 84
- FWCI
- 19.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Fetzer Institute
- National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression
- National Institute of Mental Health
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
- Keywords
- anterior cingulate cortex, conflict monitoring, response conflict, top-down attentional control, cognitive control, action selection
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Attention, Brain Mapping, Conflict, Psychological, Female, Gyrus Cinguli, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Models, Neurological, Motor Activity
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