Further Crossvalidation of Regression-Based Neuropsychological Norms with an Update for the Boston Naming Test
Abstract
Regression-based norms for the Trail Making Test, Boston Naming Test, and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, which we published in 1991 and 1993, have been criticized by Fastenau (1998) as having overcorrected for demographic influences in a sample of 63 older adults. We present data from new, independent participant samples that are consistent with expectations from the regression-based norms. We propose that Fastenau's findings in this instance resulted from the nonrepresentative nature of his relatively small sample, rather than from statistical deficiencies of regression based norms. Our currently published norms on one of the four tests considered here, the Boston Naming Test, are based upon a participant sample that was small and had inadequate representation of young adults. We address this by providing updated norms based on a much larger and more representative sample (N = 531).
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In these studies the median number of impaired scores in a neurologically normal sample was 10%.
“In these studies the median number of impaired scores in a neurologically normal sample was 10%.”
From Neuropsychological Criteria for Mild Cognitive Impairment Improves Diagnostic Precision, Biomarker Associations, and Progression Rates (2014) · cites this paper as [39]
Several studies have shown that a majority of neurologically normal adults score in the impaired range on at least one measure when tested with an extensive battery of cognitive tests.
“Several studies have shown that a majority of neurologically normal adults score in the impaired range on at least one measure when tested with an extensive battery of cognitive tests [39, 40].”
From Neuropsychological Criteria for Mild Cognitive Impairment Improves Diagnostic Precision, Biomarker Associations, and Progression Rates (2014) · cites this paper as [39]
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Russell, E. W. (2011) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-416029-3.00015-4
Continuous Norming Approaches: A Systematic Review and Real Data ExamplePreprint
Urban, J., Scherrer, V., Strobel, A., & Preckel, F. (2023) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/5azep
Neurocognitive assessment in Alzheimer's disease clinical research
Moelter, S. T. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-30008-0.00004-1
- Authors
- Heaton, R. K., Avitable, N., Grant, I., & Matthews, C. G.
- Affiliations
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 1999-08
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 572-582
- ISSN
- 0165-0475 (ISSN-L)
- 1380-3395
- 1744-411X
- OpenAlex
- W2050671643
- Cited by
- 88
- References
- 12
- Citations by year
- 2025: 4 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 1.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Historical and Modern Theater Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Psychological Testing and Assessment
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Keywords
- regression-based norms, Boston Naming Test, Trail Making Test, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, demographic correction, sample representativeness, older adults, young adults
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aging, Educational Status, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Psychometrics, Reference Values, Regression Analysis, Reproducibility of Results, Sample Size
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