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Mode of action of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a feed additive for ruminants
Open accessAbstract
Two suggested modes of action of yeast in stimulating rumen fermentation were investigated. The first, that yeast respiratory activity protects anaerobic rumen bacteria from damage by O2, was tested using different strains of yeast that had previously been shown to have differing abilities to increase the viable count of rumen bacteria. Saccharomyces cerevisiae NCYC 240, NCYC 1026, and the commercial product Yea-Sacc, added to rumen fluid in vitro at 1.3 mg/ml, increased the rate of O2 disappearance by between 46 and 89%. The same three preparations also stimulated bacterial numbers in an in vitro fermenter (Rusitec). S. cerevisiae NCYC 694 and NCYC 1088, which had no influence on the viable count in Rusitec, also had no effect on O2 uptake. Respiration-deficient (RD) mutants of S. cerevisiae NCYC 240 and NCYC 1026 were enriched by repeated culturing in the presence of ethidium bromide. S. cerevisiae NCYC 240 and NCYC 1026 stimulated the total and cellulolytic bacterial populations in Rusitec, while the corresponding RD mutants did not. Rigorous precautions to exclude air from Rusitec resulted in S. cerevisiae NCYC 240 no longer stimulating total bacterial numbers, although it still increased numbers of cellulolytic bacteria. The second hypothesis, that yeast provides malic and other dicarboxylic acids which stimulate the growth of some rumen bacteria, was examined by comparing the effects of yeast and malic acid on rumen fermentation in sheep. Three mature sheep were given 0.85 kg barley/d plus 0.55 kg chopped ryegrass hay/d either unsupplemented, or supplemented with 4 g S. cerevisiae NCYC 240/d or 100 mg L-malic acid/d either mixed with the diet or in aqueous solution infused continuously into the rumen. Yeast increased the total viable count of bacteria (P < 0.05) whereas malic acid did not, and no other effect of the treatments reached statistical significance. It was concluded, therefore, that the stimulation of rumen bacteria by S. cerevisiae is at least partly dependent on its respiratory activity, and is not mediated by malic acid.
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“Due to its oxygen scavenging activity in the rumen (Newbold et al., 1996), S. cerevisiae can increase the density of fibrolytic bacteria and hence feed efficiency (Desnoyers et al., 2009).”
From Addressing global ruminant agricultural challenges through understanding the rumen microbiome: past, present, and future (2018) · cites this paper as Newbold et al., 1996
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Metadata
- Authors
- Newbold, C. J., Wallace, R. J., & Mcintosh, F. M.
- Venue
- British Journal Of Nutrition
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 1996-08
- Volume
- 76
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 249-261
- ISSN
- 0007-1145 (ISSN-L)
- 1475-2662
- OpenAlex
- W2125881936
- Cited by
- 347
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 7.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- British Journal Of Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Animal Nutrition and Physiology
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production
- Keywords
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae, yeast feed additives, ruminants, rumen fermentation, rumen bacteria, yeast respiration, oxygen scavenging, malic acid, sheep, barley, ryegrass hay, respiration-deficient mutants
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Bacteria, Fermentation, Food Additives, Malates, Oxygen, Rumen, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Sheep
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