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Cited by 37High Altitude and HypoxiaEffects of Environmental Stressors on LivestockPhysiological and biochemical adaptations

Effects of high altitude and season on fasting heat production in the yak Bos grunniens or Poephagus grunniens

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Han, Xing-Tai, Xie, Ao-Yun, Bi, Xi-Chao, Liu, Shu-Jie, Hu, Ling-Hao·2002·British Journal of Nutrition
DOI 10.1079/bjn2002610
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Abstract

Thirty growing yaks Bos grunniens or Poephagus grunniens, 1·0–3·5 years and 50–230kg, from their native altitudes (3000–4000m), were used to study the basal metabolism in this species and to evaluate the effects of high altitude and season on the energy metabolism. Fasting heat production (FHP) was measured at altitudes of 2260, 3250 and 4270m on the Tibetan plateau in both the summer and the winter, after a 90d adaptation period at each experimental site. Gas exchanges of the whole animals were determined continuously for 3d (4–5 times per d, 10–12 min each time) after a 96 h starvation period, using closed-circuit respiratory masks. Increasing altitude at similar ambient temperature (Ta) did not affect (P>0·10) FHP in the summer, but decreased (P<0·05) it at different Ta in the winter. However, the decrease of FHP in the winter was mainly due to the decrease of Ta instead of the increase of altitude. In the summer, the respiratory rate, heart rate and body temperature were unaffected by altitude, except for a decrease (P<0·05) in body temperature at 4270m; in the winter, they were decreased (P<0·05) by increasing altitude. In both seasons, the RER was decreased (P<0·05) by increasing altitude. At all altitudes for all groups, the daily FHP was higher (P<0·05) in the summer (Ta 6–24°C) than in the winter (Ta 0 to -30°C), and the Ta-corrected FHP averaged on 920 kJ/kg body weight 0·52 at Ta 8–14°C and on 704 kJ/kg body weight 0·52 at Ta -15°C respectively. We conclude that in the yak high altitude has no effect on the energy metabolism, whereas the cold ambient temperature has a significant depressing effect. The results confirm that the yak has an excellent adaptation to both high altitude and extremely cold environments.

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  • In their high-altitude environments, yaks must not only maintain normal energy production under hypoxic pressure but must also optimize nutritional assimilation, as a consequence of the limited herbal resources available.

    “In their high-altitude environments, yaks must not only maintain normal energy production under hypoxic pressure 7,37 but must also optimize nutritional assimilation, as a consequence of the limited herbal resources available 1 .”

    From The yak genome and adaptation to life at high altitude (2012) · cites this paper as [37]

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Research works printed but not linked: 14

  1. Brosh A, Beneke G, Fennell S, Wright D, Aharoni Y & Young B (1994) Prediction of energy expenditure by heart rate measure- ments in cattle: the effect of exercise, diet and sun radiation. In Energy Metabolism of Farm Animals. Proceedings of the 13th International Symposium, EAAP Publication no. 76, pp. 35 -38 Moja ´car, Spain: EAAP.
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  14. Xue B & Han XT (1999) A comparative study on the protein degradability of foodstuffs in the rumen of growing yaks and growing Holsteins. Chinese Journal of Herbivore Science 1(3), 3 -7.

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Authors
Han, X.-T., Xie, A.-Y., Bi, X.-C., Liu, S.-J., & Hu, L.-H.
Corresponding author
Han, Xing-Tai
Venue
British Journal of Nutrition
Publisher
Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Published
2002-08
Volume
88
Issue
2
Pages
189-197
ISSN
  • 0007-1145 (ISSN-L)
  • 1475-2662
DOI
10.1079/bjn2002610
OpenAlex
W4240595518
Cited by
37
References
43
Citations by year
2025: 5 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 2
FWCI
0.18
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
www.cambridge.org/core/terms (unspecified, 1681 d)
Locations
British Journal Of Nutrition (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › High Altitude and Hypoxia
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Effects of Environmental Stressors on Livestock
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Physiological and biochemical adaptations
Keywords
yak, high altitude, seasonal variation, fasting heat production, basal metabolic rate, energy metabolism, ambient temperature, respiratory exchange ratio, body temperature, cold adaptation, Tibetan Plateau

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