Cited by 103Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology ResearchEmotions and Moral BehaviorMindfulness and Compassion Interventions

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The Origins of Fears of Compassion: Shame and Lack of Safeness Memories, Fears of Compassion and Psychopathology

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Matos, Marcela, Duarte, Joana, Pinto-Gouveia, José·2017·The Journal of Psychology

DOI 10.1080/00223980.2017.1393380

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Abstract

Empirical and clinical research suggests that some individuals find self-generating compassion and receiving compassion from others difficult and aversive. However, it is unclear how these fears of compassion are linked to early experiences and to psychopathological symptoms. This study explores the relationship between shame traumatic memories, centrality of shame memories, early memories of warmth and safeness, fears of compassion, and depression, anxiety and paranoid symptoms. Participants were 302 individuals from the general community population, who completed self-report measures of fears of compassion, shame memories, early affiliative memories, and psychopathology. Shame traumatic and central memories were positively associated with fears of compassion for self, for others and from others, whereas early memories of warmth and safeness were negatively related to such fears. Path analyses revealed that fears of compassion for self and of receiving compassion from others mediated the effects of shame traumatic memory, centrality of shame memory and early memories of warmth and safeness on depressive, anxious and paranoid symptoms. These findings have implications for therapeutic interventions as these fears, as well as the negative shame-based emotional memories fuelling them, may need to be addressed in therapy to assist patients in self-generating and receiving compassion.

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Authors: Matos, M., Duarte, J., & Pinto-Gouveia, J.
Affiliations: University of Coimbra (PT)
University of Coimbra
Corresponding author: Matos, Marcela
ORCID: Matos, Marcela
Duarte, Joana
Venue: The Journal of Psychology
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 2017-11-17
Volume: 151
Issue: 8
Pages: 804-819
ISSN: 0022-3980 (ISSN-L)
1940-1019
DOI: 10.1080/00223980.2017.1393380
OpenAlex: W2770307711
Cited by: 103
References: 69
Citations by year: 2026: 13 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 4
FWCI: 5.77
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
hdl.handle.net
Licence: other-oa
Locations: The Journal of Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT) (submittedVersion)
Funders: European Association for Behavioural and Cognitive Therapies
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (SFRH/BPD/84185/2012)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Emotions and Moral Behavior
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
Keywords: shame, traumatic memory, depression, anxiety, paranoid symptoms, psychopathology, emotional memory, mediation
MeSH terms: Psychological Trauma, Adolescent, Adult, Anxiety, Depression, Empathy, Fear, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Paranoid Disorders, Psychopathology, Safety, Shame, Young Adult, Self Report, Memory, Episodic

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The Origins of Fears of Compassion: Shame and Lack of Safeness Memories, Fears of Compassion and Psychopathology

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