No strings attached: The nature of casual sex in college students
Abstract
The purpose of this paper was to identify the circumstances associated with casual sex encounters, as well as to identify the link between casual sex, depressive symptoms, and infidelity among college students. We found that casual sex was a fairly common occurrence that was related to early sexual transition, engaging in first sex with a casual sex partner, drug use and alcohol consumption. Casual sex occurred more often between "friends" rather than with strangers. Depressive symptoms were associated with engaging in casual sex differently for males and females. Males who engaging in casual sex reported the fewest symptoms of depression and females who had a history of casual sex reported the most depressive symptoms. Frequencies of affectionate and genital behaviors were associated with expectations of the relationship, the relationship to the partner, infidelity, and the individual's relationship style. Results are discussed in light of evolutionary and socio-cultural theories of sexuality.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Hookup rates in our sample were somewhat lower than the 70-75% rate found in prior research.
“Hookup rates were somewhat lower than the 70-75% rate found in prior research”
From The role of culture in explaining college students’ selection into hookups, dates, and long-term romantic relationships (2016) · cites this paper as Grello et al., 2006
Cites
The CES-D Scale: A Self-Report Depression Scale for Research in the General Population
Radloff, L. S. (1977) · Applied Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/014662167700100306 · Cited by 53,267 · see citing works
Sexual strategies theory: an evolutionary perspective on human mating
Buss, D. M., & Schmitt, D. P. (1993) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.100.2.204 · Cited by 4,253 · see citing works
Lust? Love? Status?: Young Adults' Motives for Engaging in Casual Sex
Regan, P. C., & Dreyer, C. S. (1999) · Journal of Psychology & Human Sexuality · doi:10.1300/j056v11n01_01 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Adolescent Romantic Relationships
Collins, W. A., Welsh, D. P., & Furman, W. (2009) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.60.110707.163459 · Cited by 1,044 · see citing works
Self-citationSexual Hookup Culture: A Review
Garcia, J. R., Reiber, C., Massey, S. G., & Merriwether, A. M. (2012) · Review of General Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0027911 · Cited by 572 · see citing works
Gendered Sexuality in Young Adulthood: Double Binds and Flawed Options
Hamilton, L., & Armstrong, E. A. (2009) · Gender & Society · doi:10.1177/0891243209345829 · Cited by 471 · see citing works
“Hooking Up” Among College Students: Demographic and Psychosocial Correlates
Owen, J. J., Rhoades, G. K., Stanley, S. M., & Fincham, F. D. (2010) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-008-9414-1 · Cited by 399 · see citing works
Hook-up behavior: A biopsychosocial perspective.
Garcia, J. R., & Reiber, C. (2008) · Journal of Social, Evolutionary, and Cultural Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0099345 · Cited by 249 · see citing works
Epstein, M., Calzo, J. P., Smiler, A. P., & Ward, L. M. (2009) · Journal of Sex Research · doi:10.1080/00224490902775801 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Hooking up: Gender Differences, Evolution, and Pluralistic Ignorance
Reiber, C., & Garcia, J. R. (2010) · Evolutionary Psychology · doi:10.1177/147470491000800307 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Young Adult Casual Sexual Behavior: Life-Course-Specific Motivations and Consequences
Lyons, H. A., Manning, W. D., Longmore, M. A., & Giordano, P. C. (2014) · Sociological Perspectives · doi:10.1177/0731121413517557 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Kuperberg, A., & Padgett, J. E. (2016) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/0265407515616876 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Kuperberg, A., & Padgett, J. E. (2015) · The Journal of Sex Research · doi:10.1080/00224499.2014.901284 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
The Effects of Mindfulness on Sexual Outcomes: The Role of Emotion Regulation.
Pepping, C. A., Cronin, T. J., Lyons, A., & Caldwell, J. G. (2018) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-017-1127-x · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Sexual Motives: Cultural, Evolutionary, and Social Psychological Perspectives
Hatfield, E., Luckhurst, C., & Rapson, R. L. (2010) · Sexuality & Culture · doi:10.1007/s12119-010-9072-z · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Dermen, K. H., & Thomas, S. N. (2011) · Psychology of Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1037/a0025472 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Vrangalova, Z. (2015) · The Journal of Sex Research · doi:10.1080/00224499.2014.910745 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Partner Meeting Contexts and Risky Behavior in College Students’ Other-Sex and Same-Sex Hookups
Kuperberg, A., & Padgett, J. E. (2017) · The Journal of Sex Research · doi:10.1080/00224499.2015.1124378 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Associations Between Motives for Casual Sex, Depression, Self-Esteem, and Sexual Victimization
Townsend, J. M., Jonason, P. K., & Wasserman, T. H. (2020) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-019-01482-3 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
The Four U’s: Latent Classes of Hookup Motivations among College Students
Uecker, J. E., Pearce, L. D., & Andercheck, B. (2015) · Social Currents · doi:10.1177/2329496515579761 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Kenney, S. R., Thadani, V., Ghaidarov, T., & LaBrie, J. W. (2013) · International Journal of Sexual Health · doi:10.1080/19317611.2013.786010 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
- Authors
- Grello, C. M., Welsh, D. P., & Harper, M. S.
- Affiliations
- University of Tennessee at Knoxville (US)
- Queens University of Charlotte (US)
- ORCID
- Welsh, Deborah P.
- Venue
- Journal of Sex Research
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2006-08
- Volume
- 43
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 255-267
- ISSN
- 0022-4499 (ISSN-L)
- 1559-8519
- OpenAlex
- W2075741534
- Cited by
- 567
- References
- 3
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 40 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 35 · 2017: 39 · 2016: 38 · 2015: 54 · 2014: 53 · 2013: 55 · 2012: 43
- FWCI
- 38.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Sex Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD039931, HD39931)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Marriage and Sexual Relationships
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Sexuality, Behavior, and Technology
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health
- Keywords
- casual sex, university students, depressive symptoms, infidelity, sexual transition, alcohol consumption, drug use, gender differences, relationship expectations, relationship styles
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Contraception Behavior, Female, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Male, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sexual Behavior, Sexual Partners, Students, Condoms, Safe Sex, Unsafe Sex
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review