The DOI matches its Crossref record; 124 of the 125 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Prevalence of Depression and Anxiety Among Bisexual People Compared to Gay, Lesbian, and Heterosexual Individuals:A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Open accessAbstract
Over the past decade, evidence has accumulated to suggest that bisexual people experience higher rates of poor mental health outcomes compared to both heterosexual and gay/lesbian individuals. However, no previous meta-analyses have been conducted to establish the magnitude of these disparities. To address this research gap, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies that reported bisexual-specific data on standardized measures of depression or anxiety. Of the 1,074 full-text articles reviewed, 1,023 were ineligible, predominantly because they did not report separate data for bisexual people (n = 562 studies). Ultimately, 52 eligible studies could be pooled in the analysis. Results indicate that across both outcomes, there is a consistent pattern of lowest rates of depression and anxiety among heterosexual people, while bisexual people exhibit higher or equivalent rates in comparison to lesbian/gay people. On the basis of empirical and theoretical literature, we propose three interrelated contributors to these disparities: experiences of sexual orientation-based discrimination, bisexual invisibility/erasure, and lack of bisexual-affirmative support. Implications for interventions to improve the health and well-being of bisexual people are proposed.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+) people are at higher risk of mental health problems due to widespread hetero- and cisnormativity, including negative public attitudes toward the LGBTQ+ community.”
From An Internet-Based Intervention to Increase the Ability of Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual People to Cope With Adverse Events: Single-Group Feasibility Study (2024) · cites this paper as [2]
Citations
Cites
Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta‐analysis
Higgins, J. P. T., & Thompson, S. G. (2002) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.1186 · Cited by 36,763
The Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials
Higgins, J. P. T., Altman, D. G., Gotzsche, P. C., Juni, P., Moher, D., Oxman, A. D., Savovic, J., Schulz, K. F., Weeks, L., Sterne, J. A. C., et al. (2011) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.d5928 · Cited by 33,817
Conducting Meta-Analyses in R with the metafor Package
Viechtbauer, W. (2010) · Journal of Statistical Software · doi:10.18637/jss.v036.i03 · Cited by 20,464
Meyer, I. H. (2003) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.129.5.674 · Cited by 14,736
A basic introduction to fixed-effect and random-effects models for meta-analysis
Borenstein, M., Hedges, L. V., Higgins, J. P. T., & Rothstein, H. R. (2010) · Research Synthesis Methods · doi:10.1002/jrsm.12 · Cited by 6,793
Robins, L. N. (1981) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1981.01780290015001 · Cited by 5,219
(2012) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.49-2699 · Cited by 2,591
King, M., Semlyen, J., Tai, S. S., Killaspy, H., Osborn, D., Popelyuk, D., & Nazareth, I. (2008) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-8-70 · Cited by 2,300
Bowleg, L. (2008) · Sex Roles · doi:10.1007/s11199-008-9400-z · Cited by 2,004
Hyde, J. S., Mezulis, A. H., & Abramson, L. Y. (2008) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.115.2.291 · Cited by 1,146
Research works printed but not linked: 13
- Eisner S., 2013, Bi: Notes for a bisexual revolution
- Gallup, 2016, Gay and lesbian rights
- Herek G. M., 1998, Journal of the Gay and Lesbian Medical Association, 2, 17
- Higgins J. P. T., 2011, Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions (Version 5.1.0)
- Hutchins L., 2005, American Sexuality Magazine, 3
- Mertens D., 2003, Handbook of mixed methods in social and behavioral research
- Ochs R., 2009, Getting bi: Voices of bisexuals around the world
- Pew Research Center, 2013, The global divide on homosexuality: Greater acceptance in more secular and affluent countries
- Rehaag S., 2009, McGill Law Journal, 53, 59
- Rust P. C., 2000, Bisexuality in the United States
- Schwarzer G., 2007, R News, 7, 40
- Tjepkema M., 2008, Health Reports, 19, 53
- Ulrich L., 2011, Bisexual invisibility: Impacts and recommendations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 501–600 of 616
Asadi, S., Cunningham, T. J., Morgan, T. A., Zimmerman, M. A., & Rodriguez-Seijas, C. A. (2023) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/jh2fr
Flanders, C. E. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-95352-2_19-1
L’approche syndémique appliquée à la santé des minorités sexuelles et de genre : étude de la portée
Ouafik, M. (2023) · Santé Publique · doi:10.3917/spub.hs2.0021
Castillo‐Mayén, R., Vivas, S., García‐Torres, F., Tabernero, C., Santiago-Sillero, S., Onieva-Castón, L., & Luque, B. (2023) · Sexuality Research and Social Policy · doi:10.1007/s13178-023-00912-1
Revisiting minority stress theory to understand psychological distress among Czech sexual minorities
Pitoňák, M., & Csajbók, Z. (2022) · Studia Psychologica Theoria et praxis · doi:10.21697/sp.2022.22.1.01
Wells, A., Walker, M., Hu, A. T., Stark, A., Huda, F., Klassen, B., & Lachowsky, N. J. (2024) · The Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality · doi:10.3138/cjhs.2023-0023
Sherman, J. P., & Morgan, E. (2024) · Journal of Bisexuality · doi:10.1080/15299716.2024.2317769
Nielsen, S. R., Rodriguez-Seijas, C. A., Choukas‐Bradley, S., & Wright, A. G. C. (2026) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/21677026261417349
Sexual and Gender Minority Health and the COVID-19 Pandemic
Timmins, L., Bharadwaj, K., Bhatt, K. J., & Duncan, D. T. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197625217.003.0008
Perceptions of a Cardiovascular Risk Reduction Intervention for Sexual Minority Adults
Pepe, V. M., Sharma, Y., Doan, D., George, M., Cortés, Y. I., Lelutiu‐Weinberger, C., & Caceres, B. A. (2024) · Annals of LGBTQ Public and Population Health · doi:10.1891/lgbtq-2023-0010
Tse, S., Chee, K., Coleman, T. A., Coulombe, S., & Travers, R. (2024) · Community Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10597-024-01299-y
LGBTQ+ identity and delinquency: the importance of negative emotions and social bonds
Rocheleau, G. C., Rocheleau, B. N., Piatak, K. A., & Thompson, I. J. (2024) · Criminal Justice Studies · doi:10.1080/1478601x.2024.2363771
Kennon, T., Kilicaslan, J., & Petrakis, M. (2024) · The British Journal of Social Work · doi:10.1093/bjsw/bcae112
Zhang, G., Tynelius, P., Mathur, M. B., Quartagno, M., Brandén, G., Liljeros, F., & Kosidou, K. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4888123
Campos-Valdez, G., Verduzco, G. R. F., & Manríquez-Betanzos, J. C. (2024) · PSICUMEX · doi:10.36793/psicumex.v14i1.620
Zucchi, S. (2024) · RICERCA PSICOANALITICA · doi:10.4081/rp.2024.856
Sun, X., Armstrong, H. L., & Liao, J. (2024) · Psychology and Sexuality · doi:10.1080/19419899.2024.2415414
Skin picking disorder in sexual minority individuals
Boutouis, S., & Grant, J. E. (2024) · Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jocrd.2024.100914
Exploring Sexual Satisfaction in Lesbian and Bisexual Women from a Minority Stress Perspective
Ekeli, K. A., Baardstu, S., & Kvalem, I. L. (2024) · Journal of Bisexuality · doi:10.1080/15299716.2024.2426728
McLeish, A. C., Hartson, K. R., Hart, J. L., & Walker, K. L. (2024) · Psychology and Psychotherapy Theory Research and Practice · doi:10.1111/papt.12560 · Cited by 1
Fisson, E. (2024) · SociologieS · doi:10.4000/12q6y
Hung, F. N., & Chan, R. C. H. (2024) · Sexuality Research and Social Policy · doi:10.1007/s13178-024-01057-5
Flanders, C. E. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-56681-3_19
Cup, V. H., Bos, H., Stevens, G. W. J. M., & de Looze, M. E. (2024) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-024-02124-1
Fondren, A. H. (2022) · University of North Texas Digital Library (University of North Texas) · doi:10.12794/metadc1986595
Wicki, M., Marmet, S., Studer, J., Bloomfield, K., & Gmel, G. E. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1416062
Mental Health Symptoms and Substance Use After Recent Sexual Assault Based on Sexual Orientation
Salim, S. R., Tilstra-Ferrell, E. L., Mai, K., Rheingold, A. A., Gilmore, A. K., & Hahn, C. K. (2025) · Violence and Victims · doi:10.1891/vv-2024-0011
Dating app use and everyday discrimination among bisexual and heterosexual individuals
Santiago, V. A., Fredborg, B. K., Lenton‐Brym, A. P., & Antony, M. M. (2025) · The Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality · doi:10.3138/cjhs-2024-0045
Randall, A. K., & Lannutti, P. J. (2025) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009345774.015
Sexual Orientation Disparities in Subjective Cognitive Decline in a Large Cohort of Female Nurses
McKetta, S. C., Berzansky, I., Reynolds, C. A., Grodstein, F., Blacker, D., & Charlton, B. M. (2025) · LGBT Health · doi:10.1089/lgbt.2024.0183
Lawrence, S. E., Renley, B. M., Eaton, L. A., Csizmadia, A., & Watson, R. J. (2025) · Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity · doi:10.1037/sgd0000827
Problematic Alcohol Use among Brazilian Women Who Have Sex with Women: A Respondent-Driven Sample
Pellissari, G. M., Fontanari, A. M. V., de Almeida-Segundo, D. S., da Silva, M. M., Viscardi, L. H., & Costa, Â. B. (2025) · The Journal of Genetic Psychology · doi:10.1080/00221325.2025.2487493
Kassaras, I., & Kordoutis, P. (2025) · Journal of Bisexuality · doi:10.1080/15299716.2025.2498337
Zolli, N., Banerjee, M., Hartung, C. M., Stevens, A. E., Tufty, L. M., Miller, E. A., Melendez, C. R., & Meinzer, M. C. (2025) · Emerging Adulthood · doi:10.1177/21676968251347676
Multisexuality, Psychosexual Aspects and Well-Being: A Web-Based Survey in a Greek Sample
Kassaras, I., & Kordoutis, P. (2025) · Trends in Psychology · doi:10.1007/s43076-025-00469-5
Pyszkowska, A., & Rusin, A. (2025) · Psychology and Sexuality · doi:10.1080/19419899.2025.2518989
Setrakian, N., Gelberg, L., Koerber, J., Chung, U. Y. R., Akabike, W. N., Gorbach, P. M., Seamans, M. J., SHOPTAW, S. J., Cerezo, A., & Javanbakht, M. (2025) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.112762
Harrington, T. R., Barboza-Salerno, G., & Patterson, J. G. (2025) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2025.06.18.25329725
Culturally Responsive Approaches to Assessment and Case Conceptualization
Graham-LoPresti, J. R., Sawdy, M., & Borrero, G. (2025) · CBT: science into practice · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-91439-3_9
Sintomatología depresiva en personas LGBT+ y cis-heterosexuales: un análisis comparativo
Valdez, J. A., & Guzmán, L. G. D. (2025) · Escritos de Psicología / Psychological Writings · doi:10.24310/escpsi.18.1.2025.20659
Xu, Y., Hall, W. J., Ramon, M. E., & Williams, D. Y. (2025) · Sexual and Gender Diversity in Social Services · doi:10.1080/29933021.2025.2536850
Economic Hardship and Mental Health for Sexual and Gender Identity Minorities
Martell, M. E. (2025) · Southern Economic Journal · doi:10.1002/soej.12783
Behavioural addictions and compulsive behaviours based on sexual orientation: the role of gender
Diego, G. A., Díez, I. I., Olave, L., Macía, L., Muñiz, J. A., & Estévez, A. (2025) · Psychology and Sexuality · doi:10.1080/19419899.2025.2540343
Ford, J. V., Shah, A. H., & Dodge, B. (2025) · LGBT Health · doi:10.1177/23258292251361314
Goffnett, J., Robinson, S., Matijczak, A., Lee, C. A., & Clary, K. L. (2025) · Sexuality Research and Social Policy · doi:10.1007/s13178-025-01171-y · Cited by 1
Rivera, A. S., Chao, C., & Hechter, R. C. (2025) · LGBT Health · doi:10.1177/23258292251364913
Temporal Trends in Sexual Identity and Sociodemographic Disparities in Stockholm, Sweden, 2010–2021
Zhang, W., Tynelius, P., Mathur, M. B., Quartagno, M., Brandén, G., Liljeros, F., & Kosidou, K. (2025) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2025.308202
Mackay, L., Lin, C.-Y., Schlief, M., Osborn, D., & Killaspy, H. T. (2025) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2025.09.05.25335187
Bi+ Reality: An Investigation on Filipinos’ Attitude Regarding Bisexuality
Reyes, M. E. S., Aliento, J. M. M., Carreon, R. J. V., Hama, R. F., Hung, J. K. U., Mapoy, A. J. D., & Konopka, K. (2025) · Sexuality & Culture · doi:10.1007/s12119-025-10442-0
Leclerc, A., & Beaulieu‐Prévost, D. (2025) · The Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality · doi:10.3138/cjhs-2024-0069
Pathways to Eating Disorders by Gender and Sexual Orientation: Objectification and Thinness IdealPreprint
Lucena, L., Vucic, A., & Montalbán, J. M. C. (2025) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-7622918/v1
To Bi: An Exploration of Sexual and Romantic Identities, Attractions, and Behaviors
Vonlanthen, C., Savoie, É., & Roy‐Charland, A. (2025) · Journal of Bisexuality · doi:10.1080/15299716.2025.2566033
Klysing, A., Claréus, B., & Lundberg, T. (2025) · Journal of Bisexuality · doi:10.1080/15299716.2025.2572016
Do, T., & Tubman, J. G. (2025) · Journal of Bisexuality · doi:10.1080/15299716.2025.2570926
Sinno, J., Logan, J. R., Carliner, J., Perez‐Brumer, A., Logie, C. H., & Grace, D. (2025) · Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1186/s13643-025-02917-w
Patient-Centered Treatment for Co-Occurring Trauma and Minority Stress
Sloan, C. A., Serpe, C. R., & Burgess, C. (2025) · CBT: science into practice · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-92836-9_4
Harper, K. L., McConnell, A. A., DeFiori, K., Griffith, A. M., Boyer, T. L., Cascalheira, C. J., Blosnich, J. R., Ting, M., Hilgeman, M. M., Livingston, N. A., et al. (2025) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-025-09881-0 · Cited by 1
Predicting depression among men who have sex with men in Ghana using machine learning algorithms
Anafo, A. Y., Nelson, L. E., Wilton, L., Gmayinaam, V. U., & Ocloo, S. K. (2025) · PLOS mental health. · doi:10.1371/journal.pmen.0000485
McGeough, B. L. (2025) · Families in Society The Journal of Contemporary Social Services · doi:10.1177/10443894251372202
Chang, A. R., Baik, J., Chen, J. A., Stevens, C., Reisner, S. L., & Liu, C. H. (2025) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-025-00988-z · Cited by 1
Disclosure to family and well-being among bi+ youth: The role of authenticity and family bullying
Caravecchia-Pelletier, Z., Blais, M., Gervais, J., & Boislard, M.-A. (2025) · The Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality · doi:10.3138/cjhs-2025-0020
Gilchrist, G., Potts, L. C., Connolly, D. J., WINSTOCK, A. R., Barratt, M. J., Ferris, J., Gilchrist, E., & Davies, E. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26568178
Gerlikovski, E. R., & Thompson, C. M. (2025) · Journal of Family Communication · doi:10.1080/15267431.2025.2583529
Mental Health Care Access and Utilization Across Sexual and Racial Identity
Nguyễn, D., La, R., Blackburn, A. M., & Todd, N. R. (2025) · Journal of Bisexuality · doi:10.1080/15299716.2025.2604486 · Cited by 1
Mayo, D., & Huang, P. (2025) · LGBT Health · doi:10.1177/23258292251408066
Pyszkowska, A., & Jarosz, M. (2026) · Psychology and Sexuality · doi:10.1080/19419899.2026.2619520
Grady, A., & Stinchcombe, A. (2026) · Research on Aging · doi:10.1177/01640275261417696
Esteves, M., Moleiro, C., & Santos, A. C. (2026) · Journal of Bisexuality · doi:10.1080/15299716.2026.2618822
Klassen, B., Walker, M., Wells, A., Stephany, K., Verma, A. R., Jacobsen, K., Booth, S., BROWN, V., Woligroski, B., Fulcher, K., et al. (2026) · Journal of Homosexuality · doi:10.1080/00918369.2026.2621166
Bisexual identity, stress, and romantic relationships
Fairbanks, C. (2026) · Family Relations · doi:10.1111/fare.70116
Shapiro, K. J., Shimoni, N., Chen, P.-H., Bright, C. F., & Dorsen, C. G. (2026) · Journal of Homosexuality · doi:10.1080/00918369.2026.2621160
Jaspal, R. (2026) · Sexuality & Culture · doi:10.1007/s12119-026-10542-5
Wong, K. Y. E., Dobson, K. S., Linden, B., & Stuart, H. L. (2026) · PLOS mental health. · doi:10.1371/journal.pmen.0000491
Zhang, Z., Yan, Y., Meng, Y., Zhou, C., Wilson, A. D., Xie, H., & Wang, Y. (2026) · Sexuality Research and Social Policy · doi:10.1007/s13178-026-01306-9
Chadwick, H. M., & Bostwick, W. B. (2026) · Journal of Bisexuality · doi:10.1080/15299716.2025.2606742
Bouchorikou, D., & Tragantzopoulou, P. (2026) · Journal of Bisexuality · doi:10.1080/15299716.2026.2634901
Atanackovic, J., Runnels, V., & Bourgeault, I. L. (2026) · International Journal of Workplace Health Management · doi:10.1108/ijwhm-06-2024-0121
Le, K. N. A., Gangamma, R., & Newstrom, N. P. (2026) · International Journal of Sexual Health · doi:10.1080/19317611.2026.2641189
McNamee, C., Gillis, J. R., & Goldstein, A. L. (2026) · Journal of Bisexuality · doi:10.1080/15299716.2026.2633762
Bjaalid, E. G., Mooney‐Somers, J., Amos, N., Hill, A. O., McNair, R., Carman, M., & Bourne, A. (2026) · Violence Against Women · doi:10.1177/10778012261429097
Racial differences in mental health among sexual and gender minority individuals
Morales, M. S., Giraud, C., Newcomb, M. E., & Whitton, S. W. (2026) · Psychology and Sexuality · doi:10.1080/19419899.2026.2647297
Vice, J., Jackson, J., Beckett, K. S., Finamore, D., O'Neal, C., Bahle, M., & Velky, S. (2026) · International Journal of Bias Identity and Diversities in Education · doi:10.4018/ijbide.405238
Kinitz, D. J., Tran, N., Shahidi, F., Soltani, S., Bryant-Lees, K., Flentje, A., Lubensky, M., Obedin-Maliver, J., & Lunn, M. R. (2026) · The Lancet Regional Health - Americas · doi:10.1016/j.lana.2026.101462 · Cited by 2
Chan, R. C. H., Suen, Y. T., & Wong, E. M. Y. (2026) · Sexuality Research and Social Policy · doi:10.1007/s13178-026-01333-6
Parental Stress, Minority Stress, and Depression Among LGBTQ+ Parents
Matsuzaka, S., Mountz, S. E., & Avery, L. R. (2026) · LGBTQ+ Family An Interdisciplinary Journal · doi:10.1080/27703371.2026.2667172
Esteban, C., Irizarry-Rodríguez, A., Díaz-Medero, L. X., & Ramos, D. D. (2026) · Journal of Bisexuality · doi:10.1080/15299716.2026.2664726
Kinitz, D. J., Tran, N. K., Soltani, S., Bryant-Lees, K. B., Flentje, A., Lubensky, M. E., Ingram, S., Obedin‐Maliver, J., & Lunn, M. R. (2026) · BMJ Public Health · doi:10.1136/bmjph-2025-003845
Cipriano, A. E., Irvin, K. P., Gaeth, A. K., & Holland, K. J. (2026) · Journal of Bisexuality · doi:10.1080/15299716.2026.2666288
Charest, M., Brennan, D. J., Turpin, A., Griffiths, D., Adam, B. D., Maxwell, J., McCrady, K., & Ahmed, R. (2026) · The Journal of LGBTQ+ Mental Health · doi:10.1080/30678935.2026.2658524
Zhang, J., Wu, Y., & Shi, X. (2026) · Psychology and Sexuality · doi:10.1080/19419899.2026.2678903
Lippi, S. L. P., Witherell, S. M., Minnigh, T. L., & Lipson, S. K. (2026) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.1080/07448481.2026.2678238
Zhou, Q., Sun, X., Chaires, S., Klein, V., Ingham, R., & Armstrong, H. L. (2026) · Journal of the International AIDS Society · doi:10.1002/jia2.70132
-, R. D. D., & Santhi, P. (2026) · SDMIMD Journal of Management · doi:10.18311/sdmimd/2025/48958
Zhang, S., Yao, X., Tan, K. K. H., & Wei, C. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1737042 · Cited by 1
Behind Monosexual Norms: A Scoping Review of Bisexual Experiences in Southern Europe
Esteves, M., Morais, S. A. F., Santos, A. C., & Moleiro, C. (2026) · Sexuality & Culture · doi:10.1007/s12119-026-10605-7
Healthcare priorities and needs for LGBTQIA+ people with cystic fibrosis: A concept mapping study
Kidd, K. M., Salyer, R. E., Rashid, S., Mitchell, A. S., Alpern, A. N., Greenberg, J., Stransky, O. M., Prangley, A., Tangpricha, V., Sequeira, G. M., et al. (2026) · Journal of Cystic Fibrosis · doi:10.1016/j.jcf.2026.06.006
García, J. E. N., Pérez-Torres, V., Barrientos, J., López‐Sáez, M. Á., & Ruiz, Y. P. (2026) · The Journal of LGBTQ+ Mental Health · doi:10.1080/30678935.2026.2697756
‘Don't You Dare Erase This’: Research in the Queer Borderlands
Farquhar, M. (2026) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/978-1-83708-268-120261006
Metadata
- Authors
- Ross, L. E., Salway, T., Tarasoff, L. A., MacKay, J. M., Hawkins, B. W., & Fehr, C. P.
- Affiliations
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CA)
- University of Toronto (CA)
- University of British Columbia (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Ross, Lori E.
- Venue
- The Journal of Sex Research
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2017-11-03
- Volume
- 55
- Issue
- 4-5
- Pages
- 435-456
- ISSN
- 0022-4499 (ISSN-L)
- 1559-8519
- OpenAlex
- W2765731874
- Cited by
- 617
- References
- 125
- Citations by year
- 2026: 65 · 2025: 86 · 2024: 92 · 2023: 77 · 2022: 87 · 2021: 74 · 2020: 63 · 2019: 51 · 2018: 21
- FWCI
- 5.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- The Journal of Sex Research (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › LGBTQ Health, Identity, and Policy
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender and Feminist Studies
- Keywords
- bisexuals, depression, anxiety, sexual orientation disparities, bisexual invisibility, bisexual erasure, sexual orientation discrimination, mental health disparities
- MeSH terms
- Anxiety Disorders, Bisexuality, Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Male, Homosexuality, Male, Homosexuality, Female, Heterosexuality
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review