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Prevalence of Depression and Anxiety Among Bisexual People Compared to Gay, Lesbian, and Heterosexual Individuals:A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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Ross, Lori E., Salway, Travis, Tarasoff, Lesley A., MacKay, Jenna M., Hawkins, Blake W., Fehr, Charles P.·2018·The Journal of Sex Research

DOI 10.1080/00224499.2017.1387755

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Abstract

Over the past decade, evidence has accumulated to suggest that bisexual people experience higher rates of poor mental health outcomes compared to both heterosexual and gay/lesbian individuals. However, no previous meta-analyses have been conducted to establish the magnitude of these disparities. To address this research gap, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies that reported bisexual-specific data on standardized measures of depression or anxiety. Of the 1,074 full-text articles reviewed, 1,023 were ineligible, predominantly because they did not report separate data for bisexual people (n = 562 studies). Ultimately, 52 eligible studies could be pooled in the analysis. Results indicate that across both outcomes, there is a consistent pattern of lowest rates of depression and anxiety among heterosexual people, while bisexual people exhibit higher or equivalent rates in comparison to lesbian/gay people. On the basis of empirical and theoretical literature, we propose three interrelated contributors to these disparities: experiences of sexual orientation-based discrimination, bisexual invisibility/erasure, and lack of bisexual-affirmative support. Implications for interventions to improve the health and well-being of bisexual people are proposed.

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Authors: Ross, L. E., Salway, T., Tarasoff, L. A., MacKay, J. M., Hawkins, B. W., & Fehr, C. P.
Affiliations: Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CA)
University of Toronto (CA)
University of British Columbia (CA)
Corresponding author: Ross, Lori E.
ORCID: Ross, Lori E.
Salway, Travis
Tarasoff, Lesley A.
Hawkins, Blake W.
Venue: The Journal of Sex Research
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 2017-11-03
Volume: 55
Issue: 4-5
Pages: 435-456
ISSN: 0022-4499 (ISSN-L)
1559-8519
DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2017.1387755
OpenAlex: W2765731874
Cited by: 617
References: 125
Citations by year: 2026: 65 · 2025: 86 · 2024: 92 · 2023: 77 · 2022: 87 · 2021: 74 · 2020: 63 · 2019: 51 · 2018: 21
FWCI: 5.81
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: cc-by-nc-nd
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ (vor)
Locations: The Journal of Sex Research (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › LGBTQ Health, Identity, and Policy
Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender and Feminist Studies
Keywords: bisexuals, depression, anxiety, sexual orientation disparities, bisexual invisibility, bisexual erasure, sexual orientation discrimination, mental health disparities
MeSH terms: Anxiety Disorders, Bisexuality, Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Male, Homosexuality, Male, Homosexuality, Female, Heterosexuality

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Prevalence of Depression and Anxiety Among Bisexual People Compared to Gay, Lesbian, and Heterosexual Individuals:A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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