The ABCs of depression: integrating affective, biological, and cognitive models to explain the emergence of the gender difference in depression

Hyde, Janet Shibley; Mezulis, Amy H.; Abramson, Lyn Y.

doi:10.1037/0033-295x.115.2.291

Cited by 1,146Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesPsychological Treatments and Disorders

The ABCs of depression: integrating affective, biological, and cognitive models to explain the emergence of the gender difference in depression

Hyde, Janet Shibley, Mezulis, Amy H., Abramson, Lyn Y.·2008·Psychological Review

DOI 10.1037/0033-295x.115.2.291

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Abstract

In adulthood, twice as many women as men are depressed, a pattern that holds in most nations. In childhood, girls are no more depressed than boys, but more girls than boys are depressed by ages 13 to 15. Although many influences on this emergent gender difference in depression have been proposed, a truly integrated, developmental model is lacking. The authors propose a model that integrates affective (emotional reactivity), biological (genetic vulnerability, pubertal hormones, pubertal timing and development) and cognitive (cognitive style, objectified body consciousness, rumination) factors as vulnerabilities to depression that, in interaction with negative life events, heighten girls' rates of depression beginning in adolescence and account for the gender difference in depression.

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Gender Differences in Depression in Representative National Samples: Meta-Analyses of Diagnoses and Symptoms
Salk, R. H., Hyde, J. S., & Abramson, L. Y. (2017) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/bul0000102 · Cited by 2,622 · see citing works
“Theories highlight how specific vulnerability factors come online at critical developmental periods in adolescence and/or interact with stressors in adolescence to produce the gender difference in adolescence (reviewed by Hyde et al., 2008b).”
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Depression in adolescence
Thapar, A., Collishaw, S., Pine, D. S., & Thapar, A. K. (2012) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(11)60871-4 · Cited by 2,365 · see citing works
Does low self-esteem predict depression and anxiety? A meta-analysis of longitudinal studies.
Sowislo, J. F., & Orth, U. (2013) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0028931 · Cited by 2,123 · see citing works
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Authors: Hyde, J. S., Mezulis, A. H., & Abramson, L. Y.
Affiliations: University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
ORCID: Hyde, Janet Shibley
Venue: Psychological Review
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2008-04
Volume: 115
Issue: 2
Pages: 291-313
ISSN: 0033-295X (ISSN-L)
1939-1471
DOI: 10.1037/0033-295x.115.2.291
OpenAlex: W2104300853
Semantic Scholar: c291a18348c8805300543f654716eaa102d3dede
Cited by: 1,146
References: 288
Citations by year: 2026: 45 · 2025: 64 · 2024: 64 · 2023: 73 · 2022: 73 · 2021: 66 · 2020: 111 · 2019: 69 · 2018: 66 · 2017: 60 · 2016: 63 · 2015: 74 · 2014: 49 · 2013: 57 · 2012: 70
FWCI: 50.75
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Psychological Review (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: University of Wisconsin
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Disorders
Keywords: gender differences in depression, adolescent depression, emotional vulnerability, emotional reactivity, genetic susceptibility, pubertal hormones, pubertal timing, cognitive style, objectified body consciousness, rumination, negative life events
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Body Image, Cognition Disorders, Depression, Female, Humans, Male, Sex Factors, Gonadal Steroid Hormones, Biomarkers, Genetic Predisposition to Disease

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The ABCs of depression: integrating affective, biological, and cognitive models to explain the emergence of the gender difference in depression

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