The DOI matches its Crossref record; 12 of the 12 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Learning as a Generative Process
Abstract
A cognitive model of human learning with understanding is introduced. Empirical research supporting the model, which is called the generative model, is summarized. The model is used to suggest a way to integrate some of the research in cognitive development, human learning, human abilities, information processing, and aptitude-treatment interactions around the notion of transfer of experience and abilities.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Predicting thus belongs to the group of generative learning strategies (Fiorella & Mayer, 2016; Wittrock, 2010).”
From Predicting as a learning strategy (2021) · cites this paper as Wittrock, 2010
Citations
Cites
Principles of behavior modification
Bandura, A. (1969) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 4,631
Encoding specificity and retrieval processes in episodic memory.
Tulving, E., & Thomson, D. M. (1973) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0020071 · Cited by 4,540
Mezei, Á., & Paivio, A. (1972) · Leonardo · doi:10.2307/1572599 · Cited by 3,265
Toward a cognitive social learning reconceptualization of personality
Mischel, W. (1973) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0035002 · Cited by 3,181
The use of advance organizers in the learning and retention of meaningful verbal material.
Ausubel, D. P. (1960) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0046669 · Cited by 1,457
Mandler, G. (1967) · The Psychology of learning and motivation/The psychology of learning and motivation · doi:10.1016/s0079-7421(08)60516-2 · Cited by 912
Underwood, B. J. (1957) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0044616 · Cited by 853
Hemisphere deconnection and unity in conscious awareness.
Sperry, R. W. (1968) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/h0026839 · Cited by 806
Weiner, B. L., Heckhausen, H., & Meyer, W. (1972) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0032307 · Cited by 378
Generative processes in reading comprehension.
Doctorow, M., Wittrock, M., & Marks, C. (1978) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0663.70.2.109 · Cited by 247
Self-citationEffects of delayed information feedback and feedback cues in learning on delayed retention.
Sassenrath, J. M., & Yonge, G. D. (1969) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0027618 · Cited by 48
Training, Transfer, and the Development of Complex Behavior
Goulet, L. R. (2009) · Human Development · doi:10.1159/000270892 · Cited by 12
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- Atkinson R. C., 1973, Changing schools: Alternatives from educational research, 65
- Bower G. H., 1972, Organization of memory, 93
- Neisser U., 1967, Cognitive psychology
- Wittrock M. C., 1975, Generative processing of organized information
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Children's conceptions of the changes of state of water
Osborne, R. J., & Cosgrove, M. (1983) · Journal of Research in Science Teaching · doi:10.1002/tea.3660200905 · Cited by 399
A Framework for the Use of Immersive Virtual Reality in Learning Environments
Mulders, M., Buchner, J., & Kerres, M. (2020) · International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET) · doi:10.3991/ijet.v15i24.16615 · Cited by 284
nStudy: Tracing and Supporting Self-Regulated Learning in the Internet
Winne, P. H., & Hadwin, A. F. (2013) · Springer international handbooks of education · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-5546-3_20 · Cited by 170
Learning Theories for Engineering Education Practice
Newstetter, W., & Svinicki, M. D. (2014) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139013451.005 · Cited by 119
Un enfoque constructivista para el desarrollo del currículo en ciencias
Driver, R. (2006) · Enseñanza de las Ciencias Revista de investigación y experiencias didácticas · doi:10.5565/rev/ensciencias.5077 · Cited by 99
Metadata
- Authors
- WITTROCK, M. C.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Corresponding author
- WITTROCK, M. C.
- Venue
- Educational Psychologist
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2010-01-21
- Volume
- 45
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 40-45
- ISSN
- 0046-1520 (ISSN-L)
- 1532-6985
- OpenAlex
- W4251649666
- Cited by
- 160
- References
- 12
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 5.83
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Educational Psychologist (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Visual and Cognitive Learning Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Educational and Psychological Assessments
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Educational methodologies and cognitive development
- Keywords
- understanding, transfer of learning, aptitude-treatment interaction, cognitive development, human capabilities, information processing
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
