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Can Students Evaluate Online Sources? Learning From Assessments of Civic Online Reasoning

McGrew, Sarah, Breakstone, Joel, Ortega, Teresa, Smith, Mark, Wineburg, Sam·2018·Theory & Research in Social Education

DOI 10.1080/00933104.2017.1416320

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Abstract

To be an informed citizen in today’s information-rich environment, individuals must be able to evaluate information they encounter on the Internet. However, teachers currently have limited options if they want to assess students’ evaluations of digital content. In response, we created a range of short tasks that assess students’ civic online reasoning—the ability to effectively search for, evaluate, and verify social and political information online. Assessments ranged from paper-and-pencil tasks to open Internet search tasks delivered via Google Forms. We outline a process of assessment development in which middle school, high school, and college students in 12 states completed tasks. We present a series of representative tasks and analyses of trends in student performance. Across tasks and grade levels, students struggled to effectively evaluate online claims, sources, and evidence. These results point to a need for curriculum materials that support students’ development of civic online reasoning competencies.

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Authors: McGrew, S., Breakstone, J., Ortega, T., Smith, M., & Wineburg, S.
Affiliations: Stanford University (US)
Corresponding author: McGrew, Sarah
ORCID: McGrew, Sarah
Breakstone, Joel
Smith, Mark
Wineburg, Sam
Venue: Theory & Research in Social Education
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 2018-01-08
Volume: 46
Issue: 2
Pages: 165-193
ISSN: 0093-3104 (ISSN-L)
2163-1654
DOI: 10.1080/00933104.2017.1416320
OpenAlex: W2782804901
Cited by: 533
References: 42
Citations by year: 2026: 65 · 2025: 62 · 2024: 76 · 2023: 84 · 2022: 66 · 2021: 69 · 2020: 65 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 17
FWCI: 102.42
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Theory & Research in Social Education (publishedVersion)
Funders: Robert R. McCormick Foundation
Spencer Foundation
Topics: Social Sciences › Education › Educator Training and Historical Pedagogy
Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Educational Strategies and Epistemologies
Social Sciences › Education › Literacy, Media, and Education
Keywords: evaluating online sources, information literacy, digital citizenship, citizenship education, assessment development, online information evaluation, political information, social information, student achievement trends, grade level differences, curriculum materials

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Can Students Evaluate Online Sources? Learning From Assessments of Civic Online Reasoning

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