Latino racial choices: the effects of skin colour and discrimination on Latinos’ and Latinas’ racial self-identifications

Golash-Boza, Tanya; Darity, William

doi:10.1080/01419870701568858

Cited by 279Racial and Ethnic Identity ResearchLatin American and Latino StudiesMigration, Refugees, and Integration

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 45 of the 45 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Latino racial choices: the effects of skin colour and discrimination on Latinos’ and Latinas’ racial self-identifications

Golash-Boza, Tanya, Darity, William·2008·Ethnic and Racial Studies

DOI 10.1080/01419870701568858

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Abstract

Are predictions that Hispanics will make up 25 per cent of the US population in 2050 reliable? The authors of this paper argue that these and other predictions are problematic insofar as they do not account for the volatile nature of Latino racial and ethnic identifications. In this light, the authors propose a theoretical framework that can be used to predict Latinos’ and Latinas’ racial choices. This framework is tested using two distinct datasets – the 1989 Latino National Political Survey and the 2002 National Survey of Latinos. The results from the analyses of both of these surveys lend credence to the authors’ claims that Latinas’ and Latinos’ skin colour and experiences of discrimination affect whether people from Latin America and their descendants who live in the US will choose to identify racially as black, white or Latina/o.

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Those with darker skin and who had experienced discrimination were more likely to self-identify as Latino.
“Moreover, those with darker skin and who had experienced discrimination were more likely to self-identify as Latino (Golash-Boza and Darity 2008).”
From A Critical and Comprehensive Sociological Theory of Race and Racism (2016) · cites this paper as Golash-Boza and Darity 2008

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Molina, K. M., Estrella, M. L., Durazo-Arvizú, R., Malcarne, V. L., Llabre, M. M., Isasi, C. R., Ornelas, I. J., Perreira, K. M., Penedo, F. J., Brondolo, E. N., et al. (2018) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.12.038 · Cited by 45
“Likewise, racialization processes influence ethno-racial identity (Borrell, 2005; Golash-Boza and Darity, 2008).”
Background
Race in the Marketplace
Sobande, F. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-11711-5 · Cited by 52
Beyond Race/Ethnicity: Skin Color, Gender, and the Health of Young Adults in the United States
Perreira, K. M., Wassink, J., & Harris, K. M. (2018) · Population Research and Policy Review · doi:10.1007/s11113-018-9503-3 · Cited by 44
So What “ Should ” We Use? Evaluating the Impact of Five Racial Measures on Markers of Social Inequality
Howell, J., & Emerson, M. O. (2017) · Sociology of Race and Ethnicity · doi:10.1177/2332649216648465 · Cited by 41
“Recent research has demonstrated that the U.S. public conceptualizes Hispanic as a distinct race (Frank, Akresh, and Lu 2010; Golash-Boza and Darity 2008; Roth 2012; Saperstein and Penner 2013).”
BackgroundInfluential
Anti-Black Latino racism in an era of Trumpismo
Haywood, J. M. (2017) · International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education · doi:10.1080/09518398.2017.1312613 · Cited by 37
Examining the role of physical appearance in Latino adolescents' ethnic identity
Gonzales‐Backen, M. A., & Umaña‐Taylor, A. J. (2010) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2010.01.002 · Cited by 36
The Hidden Rules of Race: Barriers to an Inclusive Economy
Flynn, A. G., Warren, D. T., Wong, F. J., & Holmberg, S. R. (2017) · Cited by 35
Navigating the Intersectionality of Race/Ethnicity, Culture, and Gender Identity as an Aspiring Latina STEM Student
Sparks, D. M., Przymus, S. D., Silveus, A., de la Fuente, Y., & Cartmill, C. (2021) · Journal of Latinos and Education · doi:10.1080/15348431.2021.1958332 · Cited by 50
Beyond Race/Ethnicity: Skin Color and Cardiometabolic Health Among Blacks and Hispanics in the United States
Wassink, J., Perreira, K. M., & Harris, K. M. (2016) · Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health · doi:10.1007/s10903-016-0495-y · Cited by 34
¿Mejorando La Raza?: The Political Undertones of Latinos’ Skin Color in the United States
Ostfeld, M. C., & Yadon, N. D. (2022) · Social Forces · doi:10.1093/sf/soab060 · Cited by 33
Looking Back to See Ahead: Unanticipated Changes in Immigration from 1986 to the Present and Their Implications for American Politics Today
Jones‐Correa, M., & de Graauw, E. (2013) · Annual Review of Political Science · doi:10.1146/annurev-polisci-051211-164644 · Cited by 33
“…ethnic options, leading to a hardening of a racialized group identification (Kim 1999, Itzigsohn & Dore-Cabral 2000, Golash-Boza 2006, Masuoka 2006, Golash-Boza & Darity 2008, Frank et al. 2010, Massey & Sánchez 2010, Rico 2010, Sanchez & Masuoka 2010, Yarbrough 2010), with some immigrants…”
Background
Race-shifting in the United States: Latinxs, Skin Tone, and Ethnoracial Alignments
Irizarry, Y., Monk, E. P., & Cobb, R. J. (2022) · Sociology of Race and Ethnicity · doi:10.1177/23326492221114813 · Cited by 33
Who desires in-group neighbors? Associations of skin tone biases and discrimination with Latinas’ segregation preferences
Uzogara, E. E. (2018) · Group Processes & Intergroup Relations · doi:10.1177/1368430218788154 · Cited by 31
“Six variables (i.e., age, education, income, nativity, Spanish language use, and selfclassification as White) were predictors of Latinx neighborhood migration patterns and racial fluidity (Brown, Hitlin, & Elder, 2006; Golash-Boza & Darity, 2008; South et al., 2005).”
BackgroundResult
Toward a decolonial quantitative political science: Indigenous self-identification in the 2019 Native Hawaiian Survey
Phan, N. T., & Lee, K. L. (2022) · The Journal of Race Ethnicity and Politics · doi:10.1017/rep.2021.39 · Cited by 31
“As with all socially constructed categories, there are inevitably mismatches between the ethnoracial categories ascribed to individuals, and how individuals perceive their own ethnoracial identity (Waters, 1990; Landale and Oropesa, 2002; Itzigsohn et al., 2005; Golash-Boza and Darity, 2008).”
Background
Deracialization, Dissent, and Terrorism in the FBI’s Most Wanted Program
Husain, A. (2020) · Sociology of Race and Ethnicity · doi:10.1177/2332649220921898 · Cited by 30
“Those whom the FBI labels “Asian” and “white (Hispanic)” on the lists have also been theorized as racially ambiguous or as occupying an intermediate racial position (Alcoff 2003; Beydoun 2013; Golash-Boza and Darity 2008).”
Background
Antiblackness of the Social and the Human
Vargas, J. H. C., & Jung, M. (2021) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9781478013167-001 · Cited by 40
Knowing something versus feeling different: the effects and non-effects of genetic ancestry on racial identity
Shim, J. K., Alam, S. R., & Aouizerat, B. E. (2018) · New Genetics and Society · doi:10.1080/14636778.2018.1430560 · Cited by 31
Where in the World Is Juan—and What Color Is He?: The Geography of Latina/o Racial Identity in Southern California
Pulido, L., & Pastor, M. (2013) · American Quarterly · doi:10.1353/aq.2013.0020 · Cited by 29
When Change Doesn’t Matter
Kramer, R. A., Burke, R. K., & Charles, C. Z. (2015) · Sociology of Race and Ethnicity · doi:10.1177/2332649214552730 · Cited by 28
“I’m Not Spanish, I’m from Spain”: Spaniards’ Bifurcated Ethnicity and the Boundaries of Whiteness and Hispanic Panethnic Identity
Soto-Márquez, J. G. (2018) · Sociology of Race and Ethnicity · doi:10.1177/2332649218766388 · Cited by 27
‘It's almost like white supremacy’: interracial mixed-status couples facing racist nativism
Schueths, A. M. (2013) · Ethnic and Racial Studies · doi:10.1080/01419870.2013.835058 · Cited by 28
Paradoxical Politics? Partisan Politics, Ethnoracial Ideologies, and the Assimilated Consciousnesses of Latinx Republicans
Cadena, R. S. (2022) · Sociology of Race and Ethnicity · doi:10.1177/23326492221138223 · Cited by 26
“Building on assimilation theories’ focus on objective markers of incorporation (Alba and Nee 1997; Golash-Boza and Darity 2008; Portes and Zhou 1993), I argue that assimilated consciousness extends understandings of the subjective dimensions of immigrant incorporation within and across generations.”
Background
Color, Bodily Capital, and Ethnoracial Division in the U.S. and Brazil
Monk, & Prentis, E. (2013) · Cited by 26
The effects of racial socialization on the racial and ethnic identity development of Latinas.
Dawson, B. A., & Quiros, L. (2014) · Journal of Latina/o Psychology · doi:10.1037/lat0000024 · Cited by 26
Skin tone and asset inequality in Latin America
Painter, M. A., Noy, S., & Holmes, M. D. (2019) · Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies · doi:10.1080/1369183x.2019.1592881 · Cited by 25
Colorism in Punishment among Hispanics in the Criminal Justice System
Lanuza, Y. R., Petersen, N., & Omori, M. K. (2021) · Social Problems · doi:10.1093/socpro/spab044 · Cited by 25
Race as an Open Field: Exploring Identity beyond Fixed Choices
Croll, P. R., & Gerteis, J. (2017) · Sociology of Race and Ethnicity · doi:10.1177/2332649217748425 · Cited by 25
Skin color as a predictor of mental health in young Latinx children
Calzada, E. J., Kim, Y., & O’Gara, J. L. (2019) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.112467 · Cited by 26
Does the Race of the Discrimination Agent in Latinos’ Discrimination Experiences Influence Latino Group Identity?
Sánchez, G. R., & Espinosa, P. R. (2016) · Sociology of Race and Ethnicity · doi:10.1177/2332649215624237 · Cited by 24
Engaging Non-Citizens in an Age of Uncertainty
Lee, C. A. (2019) · Journal of the American Planning Association · doi:10.1080/01944363.2019.1616318 · Cited by 24
“However, there is evidence that some Latinos may identify or mark the category “White” (see Golash-Boza & Darity, 2008; Tafoya, 2004).”
Background
Colorful Reflections: Skin Tone, Reflected Race, and Perceived Discrimination among Blacks, Latinxs, and Whites
Gonlin, V. (2020) · Race and Social Problems · doi:10.1007/s12552-020-09290-4 · Cited by 14
“Furthermore, Golash-Boza and Darity (2008) find that skin tone on its own and skin tone interacted with discrimination impact Latinx identity.”
Background
DISPARATE LESSONS
Reyes, D. V. (2017) · Du Bois Review Social Science Research on Race · doi:10.1017/s1742058x17000054 · Cited by 24
Association of Skin Color and Generation on Arrests Among Mexican-Origin Latinos
Alcalá, H. E., & Montoya, M. F. L. (2016) · Race and Justice · doi:10.1177/2153368716670998 · Cited by 23
“As noted by Golash-Boza and Darity (2008), there are three hypothesized mechanisms that can lead to different racial identification over time for Latinos: (1) ‘‘Social whitening’’ whereby Latinos with higher SES will be more likely to identify as White and less likely to identify as Black, (2) More…”
Background
Latino Racial Reporting in the US: To Be or Not To Be
Rodríguez, C. E., Miyawaki, M. H., & Argeros, G. (2013) · Sociology Compass · doi:10.1111/soc4.12032 · Cited by 22
Gendered Racism Biases: Associations of Phenotypes with Discrimination and Internalized Oppression Among Latinx American Women and Men
Uzogara, E. E. (2018) · Race and Social Problems · doi:10.1007/s12552-018-9255-z · Cited by 22
“Research found that lighter-skinned Latinxs are more likely to self-identify their race as white (Golash-Boza and Darity 2008; Uzogara 2018; Vargas 2015) and reside in racially integrated neighborhoods with more whites (South et al.”
BackgroundInfluential
Ethnicity in England: What Parents' Country of Birth Can and Can't Tell Us about Their Children's Ethnic Identification
Parameshwaran, M., & Engzell, P. (2014) · Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies · doi:10.1080/1369183x.2014.920690 · Cited by 22
Chapter eleven. Presidential Powers in the Captive Maternal Lives of Sally, Michelle, and Deborah
James, J. (2021) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9781478013167-015 · Cited by 20
Hierarchy in the Politics of Migration: Revisiting Race, Ethnicity, and Power in the Migration State
Bautista-Chavez, A. M., Pérez, E. C., Chan, S., & Mitra, A. (2024) · International Migration Review · doi:10.1177/01979183241275461 · Cited by 25
Where Would You Go? Race, Religion, and the Limits of Pastor Mental Health Care in Black and Latino Congregations
Bolger, D., & Prickett, P. J. (2021) · Religions · doi:10.3390/rel12121062 · Cited by 21
“Given the heterogeneity in racial identification that exists among U.S. Latinos (Golash-Boza and Darity 2008), Latino Christians like those in our study might be less likely than Black Christians to see themselves as part of a larger, pan-ethnic “Latino community” (Okamoto and Mora 2014).”
Background
Mixed-Race Ancestry ≠ Multiracial Identification: The Role Racial Discrimination, Linked Fate, and Skin Tone Have on the Racial Identification of People with Mixed-Race Ancestry
Gonlin, V. (2022) · Social Sciences · doi:10.3390/socsci11040160 · Cited by 21
“Lighter-skinned Latinxs are more likely to identify as White (though they do not always identify as such) and darker-skinned Latinxs receive benefits from not identifying as Black (Golash-Boza and Darity 2008; Quiros and Dawson 2013).”
Background
Classification Algorithm for Skin Color (CASCo): A new tool to measure skin color in social science research
Rejón, R., & Ma, C. (2023) · Social Science Quarterly · doi:10.1111/ssqu.13242 · Cited by 22
“They Are There with Us”: Theorizing Racial Status and Intergroup Relations
Jones, J. A. M. (2022) · American Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1086/721467 · Cited by 21
Receptionists, doctors, and social workers: Examining undocumented immigrant women's perceptions of health services
Armenta, A., & Sarabia, H. (2020) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.112788 · Cited by 20
Shifting legibility: racial ambiguity in the US racial hierarchy
Modi, R. (2022) · Ethnic and Racial Studies · doi:10.1080/01419870.2022.2063692 · Cited by 19
“Studies find that darker-skinned Latinos are more likely to experience lower occupational prestige (Espino and Franz 2002), depressed earnings (Frank, Akresh, and Lu 2010), and racial discrimination (Golash-Boza and Darity 2008).”
Background
Latinos and the Skin Color Paradox: Skin Color, National Origin, and Political Attitudes
Faught, J., & Hunter, M. (2012) · Sociological Quarterly · doi:10.1111/j.1533-8525.2012.01251.x · Cited by 19
Choosing Blackness in Brazil’s Racialized Democracy: The Endogeneity of Race in Salvador and São Paulo
Mitchell-Walthour, G. L., & Darity, W. A. J. (2014) · Latin American and Caribbean Ethnic Studies · doi:10.1080/17442222.2014.959781 · Cited by 19
Self-citation
(Collective) Memory of Racial Violence and the Social Construction of the Hispanic Category among Houston Hispanics
Korver–Glenn, E. (2015) · Sociology of Race and Ethnicity · doi:10.1177/2332649215576757 · Cited by 19

Authors: Golash-Boza, T., & Darity, W.
ORCID: Darity, William
Venue: Ethnic and Racial Studies
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 2008-07
Volume: 31
Issue: 5
Pages: 899-934
ISSN: 0141-9870 (ISSN-L)
1466-4356
DOI: 10.1080/01419870701568858
OpenAlex: W2070090643
Cited by: 279
References: 45
Citations by year: 2026: 20 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 8
FWCI: 21.99
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Ethnic and Racial Studies (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Racial and Ethnic Identity Research
Social Sciences › Cultural Studies › Latin American and Latino Studies
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Migration, Refugees, and Integration
Keywords: racial self-identification, skin colour, discrimination, Hispanic women, Hispanic Americans, racial classification, ethnic identity change

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Latino racial choices: the effects of skin colour and discrimination on Latinos’ and Latinas’ racial self-identifications

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