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Older adults’ use of mobile device: usability challenges while navigating various interfaces
Open accessAbstract
Mobile devices are becoming ubiquitous among older adults, but have also caused unprecedented challenges due to the high demands of interaction techniques and changeable design patterns found across various applications. This paper aims to investigate how older adults navigate with mobile interfaces and identify their potential usability challenges while navigating. To do so, we summarised six state-of-the-art mobile interface design patterns and conducted individual usability test and in-depth interview with 22 older adults. Participants were asked to perform 19 navigation tasks that contain these design patterns under realistic usage scenarios. Follow-up interviews were held to collect their detailed comments on usability issues regarding visual design, ease of understanding, and interaction and navigation of the design patterns, as well as their personal experience. The results found that overall older adults were able to navigate contents more effectively than menus and buttons. Participants experienced great challenges in directing their attention to the menus and buttons, understanding the meaning of icons, and interacting with these menu components. In contrast, the content-oriented navigation design performed better in understanding, navigation, and interaction, which could be a promising direction for elderly-friendly mobile application design. Design implications are further discussed for creating an elderly-friendly mobile interface.
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“Users focused more on the content than navigation cues, similar to prior studies [50], and did not open vertical menus, such as the side drawer and springboard to explore menu options further [37].”
From "Where is history": Toward Designing a Voice Assistant to help Older Adults locate Interface Features quickly (2023) · cites this paper as [37]
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“Most recently, it has been observed that not being able to locate the correct features-within a reasonable amount of time-at either the beginning or during a task constitutes the core struggle of older adults when trying to explore and use a feature-rich UI [37,45].”
From "Where is history": Toward Designing a Voice Assistant to help Older Adults locate Interface Features quickly (2023) · cites this paper as [37]
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In the citing paper
“Studies have also shown that older adults fxate more on the central part of the screen than the peripheral top and left parts, where many mobile interface menus often reside [37,50].”
From "Where is history": Toward Designing a Voice Assistant to help Older Adults locate Interface Features quickly (2023) · cites this paper as [37]
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“Although mobile apps do not have hundreds of features as found in desktop interfaces, even tens of features and hidden navigation menu structures can cause usability issues [37].”
From "Where is history": Toward Designing a Voice Assistant to help Older Adults locate Interface Features quickly (2023) · cites this paper as [37]
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“Although this number might seem low, studies have shown that failing to locate the correct feature even once during a task often leads to looping, several back-andforths, and ultimately task abandonment and user frustration [37,69].”
From "Where is history": Toward Designing a Voice Assistant to help Older Adults locate Interface Features quickly (2023) · cites this paper as [37]
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“In particular, app navigation issues have been reported repeatedly when studying how older adults use feature-rich mobile interfaces [37,38].”
From "Where is history": Toward Designing a Voice Assistant to help Older Adults locate Interface Features quickly (2023) · cites this paper as [37]
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“For example, when studying how older users accomplish diferent tasks using a smartphone, researchers observed difculty in directing attention to tab menus, recognizing scrollable tab menus, and distinguishing between neighboring or similar-appearing icons and buttons [37].”
From "Where is history": Toward Designing a Voice Assistant to help Older Adults locate Interface Features quickly (2023) · cites this paper as [37]
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Li, B., Min, Y., Zhang, Z., Xu, C., Du, L., Fang, Y., & Du, F. (2023) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2023.3295817 · Cited by 2
Navigation Patterns and Design Strategies to Minimize Mobile Usability IssuesPreprint
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Technology Acceptance and Service Experience of Elderly Users with AI Translation Tools
Zhengkun, Z., Chuhao, G., Gaoshan, W., Junhao, W., Jia, W., & Liang, W. (2025) · Journal of Management World · doi:10.53935/jomw.v2024i4.715 · Cited by 1
Relational vulnerability and technological mediation: The ethics of intelligent eldercare
Wang, Y., & Liu, M. (2025) · Nursing Ethics · doi:10.1177/09697330251374394 · Cited by 3
Yu, L., Sun, M., Yang, H. H., Yang, W., & Wu, F. (2025) · INQUIRY The Journal of Health Care Organization Provision and Financing · doi:10.1177/00469580251375846 · Cited by 1
“20 Women may exhibit more positive attitudes despite higher technophobia, and higher education levels correlate with greater acceptance of mobile technologies.”
He, X., Yang, Y., Li, R., & Gong, X. (2025) · International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/10447318.2025.2562959 · Cited by 1
“Previous studies have researched the basic design elements, such as icon style (Wu et al., 2022), interface layout (Zhou et al., 2022), and navigation patterns of older adults (Li & Luximon, 2020).”
Enhancing Elderly Patients' Decision-Making and Experience in Hospitals through Virtual Agents
Liu, M., & Su, Y. (2024) · International Symposium of Chinese CHI (Chinese CHI) · doi:10.1145/3758871.3758930 · Cited by 1
“…support[22], research such as Moffat et al. which shows that older adults tend to more than the other age categories, which is due to less experience with smart devices and diminished cognitive and visual processing abilities, leaving them disoriented when changing areas in their hospital [24].”
Li, S., Jia, L., Zhuang, X., Zeng, Z., & Tang, H. (2026) · International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/10447318.2026.2690101 · Cited by 1
Exploring Design Guidelines of Mobile Exergame for Older Adults
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“• Make use of sizable, structured buttons Text Entry [11], [51], [52] • Reduce text entry Navigation [49], [53] • Flat, simple, and obvious navigation structure • On each page, include a clear return button and a static menu Multimedia presentation [54]–[56] • Display information in the form of…”
BackgroundLiu, Y., Wu, J., Wang, X., Pan, C., Chen, Z., & Xue, C. (2024) · International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/10447318.2023.2301261 · Cited by 1
“Furthermore, within the realm of aging design for smart-phone interaction, research has predominantly focused on optimizing the design of basic interface ergonomics elements, such as icons, text, navigation, buttons, etc (Hou et al., 2022; Li & Luximon, 2020).”
Research on Visual Design of Smart Phone APP Interface Based on Human-Computer Interaction Behavior
Su, S. (2024) · International Journal of e-Collaboration · doi:10.4018/ijec.349737 · Cited by 1
Feng, J., Ding, M., & Liu, N. K. J. (2025) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-93835-1_18 · Cited by 1
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Felberbaum, Y., Sheidin, J., Weiss, T., & Lanir, J. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5004876 · Cited by 1
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Optimal Design of Massage Chair Interface Based on Eye Tracking Technology
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“Li Qingchuan summarizes six design patterns of mobile terminal, and points out that content-oriented navigation design performs better in understanding, navigation and interaction, which may be a promising direction for the elderly friendly mobile application design [17].”
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Usabilidade de mapas acessados por dispositivos móveis
Martins, V. E., & Schmidt, M. A. R. (2022) · Revista Brasileira de Geomática · doi:10.3895/rbgeo.v10n2.14493
“Silver” users of marketplaces and the convenience of the mobile interface
Шерешева, М., & Petrukhina, K. M. (2023) · Population and Economics · doi:10.3897/popecon.7.e109447
“Consequently, several researchers suggest that a content-oriented design can be a promising direction for the design of mobile applications targeting the elderly (Li & Luximon 2020).”
BackgroundApplication of Mobile Health in Mental Health Interventions
Hussien, N. A., Brayyich, M. R., Hussian, A., Dawood, M. N., Majed, S., & Jawad, I. A. (2023) · Annual International Conference on Emerging Research Areas and International Conference on Microelectronics, Communications and Renewable Energy · doi:10.1109/aicera/icis59538.2023.10420389
“He claims that the demand for access will likely remain static without eliminating criteria for a personal framework, a 'professional' with years of experience, and a specific office [11].”
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Ling, R. (2024) · Lecture notes in networks and systems · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-66336-9_10
Liang, N., Li, G., Werner, L., & Pitts, B. J. (2025) · Universal Access in the Information Society · doi:10.1007/s10209-024-01187-y
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Bhatti, A. M., Iqbal, M. W., & Siddique, I. (2025) · Communications in computer and information science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-77620-5_6
A Study on the Inclusivity of Brazilian Mobile Agricultural Applications for Older Farmers
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Birati, Y., Kolpina, L. V., & Zisberg, A. (2025) · Geriatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.gerinurse.2025.103536 · Cited by 1
Fan, M., Xie, Y., & Yang, X. (2024) · International Symposium of Chinese CHI (Chinese CHI) · doi:10.1145/3758871.3758892
“For example, studies uncovered difficulties that older adults encountered when finding the target app from the ones already installed on their phone [52] or when navigating through different interfaces in an already installed app [30].”
Nautiyal, S., & Shrivastava, A. (2025) · New Review of Hypermedia and Multimedia · doi:10.1080/13614568.2025.2572573
“Prior studies suggest that applications can reduce memory load for older adults by providing recognisable options and displaying previously performed actions (Brown & Kim, 2018; Li & Luximon, 2020).”
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Schmidt, D. S., & Hübner, L. C. (2025) · PAJAR - Pan-American Journal of Aging Research · doi:10.15448/2357-9641.2025.1.46868
Jeon, B., Noh, C. H., Noh, S. R., Shim, Y., Cho, S. B., & Cho, S. (2026) · doi:10.2196/preprints.92334
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Fan, L., Zhu, K., Li, M., Wang, Z., & Niu, Y. (2026) · International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/10447318.2026.2619925
More Older Adults Try Patient Portals in Recent Years, but Many Don’t Continue: A Meta-Analysis
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“Reported reasons include difficulty recognizing navigation structures, reluctance to explore unfamiliar menus, and confusion between neighboring or visually similar icons and buttons [21, 24, 52].”
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“Meanwhile, our perceptual training program addresses a key challenge identified in prior work that older adults often confuse touchable and non-touchable UI components [17].”
Petkovic, Z., Nanu, L., & Mistry, T. G. (2026) · Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights · doi:10.1108/jhti-10-2025-1223 · Cited by 1
An, S., Wu, Y., Zhang, Z., Li, Y., Jiang, M., Zhang, J., & Li, Q. (2026) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3772318.3790993
“These results support the idea that AI offloads executional demands while retaining emotional rewards [3, 67].”
Self-citationGuideMe: A VLM-Based System Assisting Independent Smartphone Learning for Older Adults
Fang, K., Zhang, J., Ni, S.-T., Hui, P., & Wang, Y. (2026) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3772318.3791448 · Cited by 3
“This is consistent with the findings of previous research [37, 66, 73].”
An, S., Li, Y., & Li, Q. (2026) · International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/10447318.2026.2658258
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Li, Q., & Luximon, Y.
- Affiliations
- Hong Kong Polytechnic University (HK)
- Corresponding author
- Luximon, Yan
- Venue
- Behaviour & Information Technology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2019-06-03
- Volume
- 39
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 837-861
- ISSN
- 0144-929X (ISSN-L)
- 1362-3001
- OpenAlex
- W2948526175
- Cited by
- 121
- References
- 84
- Citations by year
- 2026: 31 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 3
- FWCI
- 15.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Locations
- Behaviour and Information Technology (publishedVersion)
- PolyU Institutional Research Archive (Hong Kong Polytechnic University) (submittedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University (RU9Y)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Technology Use by Older Adults
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Usability and User Interface Design
- Social Sciences › Human Factors and Ergonomics › Digital Accessibility for Disabilities
- Keywords
- older adults, mobile devices, mobile interface design, navigation, usability problems, design patterns, icons, elderly-friendly design
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