Cited by 104COVID-19 and Mental HealthImpact of Technology on AdolescentsCommunication and COVID-19 Impact

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Fear of COVID-19, loneliness, smartphone addiction, and mental wellbeing among the Turkish general population: a serial mediation model

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Kayis, A. Rifat, Satici, Begum, Deniz, M. Engin, Satici, Seydi Ahmet, Griffiths, Mark D.·2022·Behaviour & Information Technology

DOI 10.1080/0144929x.2021.1933181

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Abstract

The novel coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has become a major health problem worldwide. The impact of COVID-19 has also been associated with psychological and social problems. The main objective of the present study was to examine the associations between fear of COVID-19 and mental wellbeing, through a serial mediation analysis that included loneliness and smartphone addiction. Utilising convenience sampling from 73 of 81 cities in Turkey via the web-based survey the present study comprised 773 participants (556 females and 217 males; aged between 18 and 66 years) were collected. Self-report data were collected including psychometric measures assessing fear of COVID-19, loneliness, smartphone addiction, and mental wellbeing. Fear of COVID-19 was found to have both a direct and indirect effect on mental wellbeing. In addition, results supported a serial mediation model where fear of COVID-19 was found to influence mental wellbeing via loneliness and smartphone addiction in a sequential manner. The findings suggest that higher fear of COVID-19 is associated with lower mental wellbeing by negatively affecting individuals’ emotion and behaviour.

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Sheikhi, M., Mousavi, S. M., MoradiBaglooei, M., Griffiths, M. D., & Alimoradi, Z. (2024) · Cogent Psychology · doi:10.1080/23311908.2024.2430862 · Cited by 3
“…of people when they first heard about the disease (Kayis et al., 2022). such fear comprised different aspects such as the fear of (i) contracting a disease, (ii) death, (iii) losing relatives and loved ones, and (iv) infecting others through the transmission of the disease (Kayis et al., 2022).”
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“By addressing both the individual and systemic factors contributing to IGA, these measures can create a more supportive environment for the mental health and academic success of college students.”
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“For instance, Kayis et al. [26] found that heightened loneliness increases vulnerability to smartphone addiction, which adversely affects mental health outcomes.”
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ÖZOK, H. İ., Mukba, G., & Tayiz, V. (2022) · The European Educational Researcher · doi:10.31757/euer.531 · Cited by 2
“In another study, it has been stated that fear of Covid-19 has effects on loneliness and smartphone addiction in young adults and middle adults (Kayis et al. 2021).”
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“The use of smartphones has led to significant problems and community consequences [4, 5].”
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“Precautions imposed by the national government during the COVID-19 pandemic have caused individuals to spend a lot of time alone due to self-quarantine and refraining from face-to-face social interactions [4].”
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“For example, several studies have demonstrated that the fear of COVID-19 is negatively related to poor mental health (Belen, 2022; Duong, 2021; Kayis et al., 2021; Khattak et al., 2020; Khudaykulov et al., 2022; Mauer et al., 2022; Peker & Cengiz, 2021; Suhail et al., 2022; Vilca et al., 2022;…”
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“, 2021), it was found to be associated with psychological distress in the population (Fitzpatrick et al., 2020; Kayis et al., 2021; Satici et al., 2020a).”
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“Together with research that shows that worry of COVID-19 infection is related to poor psychological wellbeing (Fitzpatrick et al., 2020; Kayis et al., 2021; Satici et al., 2020a) our ndings propose that public health strategies should aim to reduce worry and social panic in the face of imminent crisis.”
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“Fears connected with the Pandemic have shown a new mental impact of the present Pandemic and are related to mental pain and debilitation (Kayis et al., 2021).”
Background
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Duc, A., & Nguyen, T. D. (2022) · Tay Nguyen Journal of Science · doi:10.31276/vmostjossh.64(3).27-36 · Cited by 3
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Hidalgo-Fuentes, S. (2022) · Revista Española de Drogodependencias · doi:10.54108/10021
قدرة القلق والاكتئاب واضطراب ما بعد الصدمة على التنبؤ بإدمان مواقع التواصل الاجتماعي لدى طلبة الجامعة في ظل جائحة كورونا
سرميني, إ. (2023) · University of Sharjah (UoS) Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences · doi:10.36394/jhss/20/3/6
Unmasking Smartphone Addiction: How Loneliness Mediates between Social Anxiety Disorder and Depression
Abid, M. A., Riaz, M., & Rafique, Z. (2023) · Pakistan Social Sciences Review · doi:10.35484/pssr.2023(7-iv)10
The relationship between COVID-19 phobia and cyberchondria with psychological well-being of health sciences students in the COVID-19 pandemic
Dokuzcan, D. A., Çevik, C., ÇEVİK, E., & Yaşar, Ö. (2024) · Minerva Psychiatry · doi:10.23736/s2724-6612.22.02385-5
Fear of COVID-19 and inmates’ the sense of loneliness
Lewicka-Zelent, A. E., & Trojanowska, E. (2024) · Probacja · doi:10.5604/01.3001.0054.4079
Musical Habits and Smartphone Addiction of College Students: Mediating Role of Self-Control
Ning, W., Gendron, M. S., & Lee‐Partridge, J. E. (2024) · International Journal of Business and Social Science Research · doi:10.47742/ijbssr.v5n4p2
“…in personal life, health, cognitive performance, and workplace performance ( see for example, Charoensukmongkol, 2016; Chidambaram et al., 2022; Geng et al., 2021; Kayis et al., 2021; Chandrasekaran et al., 2019; Nongpong & Charoensukmongkol, 2016; Shahjehan et al., 2021; Zhao et al., 2021 ).”
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The Generation-Based Effects of the Fear of COVID-19 on Deluxe Hotel Employees’ Responses
Jung, H. S., Hwang, Y. H., Jung, Y. S., & Yoon, H. H. (2024) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su16229674
Decreases in smartphone overuse and moderators among adults in general after the COVID-19 outbreak: A three-year prospective study
Hamamura, T., Oka, T., Honjo, M., Sakai, Y., Tanaka, S., Chiba, T., & Kobayashi, N. (2025) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2025.108329
Intolerance of uncertainty and COVID-19-related post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms in US and Korean college students: serial mediation by COVID-19 concerns and loneliness
Kim, J. G., Yang, H., Seo, D., Lee, G., Park, M., McReynolds, L. S., Amsel, L., Park, S. H., Hur, J., Kim, Y.-H., et al. (2025) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-025-03027-x · Cited by 1
“Kayis et al. [43] similarly reported that fear of COVID-19 predicted poorer mental well-being, with loneliness operating as a mediating factor.”

Authors: Kayis, A. R., Satici, B., Deniz, M. E., Satici, S. A., & Griffiths, M. D.
Affiliations: Department of Psychological Counselling, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Turkey
Department of Psychological Counselling, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey
Yıldız Technical University (TR)
Nottingham Trent University (GB)
Corresponding author: Griffiths, Mark D.
ORCID: Deniz, M. Engin
Griffiths, Mark D.
Venue: Behaviour & Information Technology
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 2021-05-26
Volume: 41
Issue: 11
Pages: 2484-2496
ISSN: 0144-929X (ISSN-L)
1362-3001
DOI: 10.1080/0144929x.2021.1933181
OpenAlex: W3164210675
Cited by: 104
References: 99
Citations by year: 2026: 4 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 36 · 2021: 8
FWCI: 15.04
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: cc-by-nc-nd
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ (vor)
Locations: Behaviour and Information Technology (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Nottingham Trent University's Institutional Repository (Nottingham Trent Repository) (acceptedVersion)
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
Social Sciences › Communication › Communication and COVID-19 Impact
Keywords: fear of COVID-19, loneliness, smartphone addiction, psychological well-being, serial mediation, psychological impact of COVID-19

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Fear of COVID-19, loneliness, smartphone addiction, and mental wellbeing among the Turkish general population: a serial mediation model

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