The DOI matches its Crossref record; 2 of the 2 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Mental Health Well-Being of Grandparents Raising Grandchildren: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Abstract
The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine if raising grandchildren is related to diminished mental health well-being in custodial grandparents compared to contemporaries who are not raising grandchildren. Relevant studies were identified via comprehensive literature searches of electronic databases. We included six studies in the meta-analysis. A random effects model was used to calculate effect sizes. The results of the meta-analysis yielded a statistically significant, small-to-moderate summary effect size (ES) indicating caregiving grandparents generally experience a larger degree of adverse mental health outcomes than their non-parenting counterparts. While previous studies have produced conflicting results regarding the mental health outcomes experienced by custodial grandparents, the present meta-analysis findings provide another level of evidence that substantiates their emotional vulnerability. Recommendations for subsequent research are discussed.
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Grandparent caregiving is an important social determinant of health.
“A growing body of literature highlights grandparent caregiving as an important social determinant of health (Danielsbacka et al., 2022; Kelley et al., 2021; Kim et al., 2016)”
From Grandparent Caregiving and Epigenetic Aging among Midlife and Older Adults in the United States (2026) · cites this paper as Kelley et al., 2021
Grandparents who provide instrumental (frequent or primary) care often experience psychological distress, depressive symptoms, anxiety, marital strain, and poorer cognitive functioning, comparable to other high-stress caregiving groups.
“Grandparents who provide instrumental (frequent or primary) care often experience psychological distress, depressive symptoms, anxiety, marital strain, and poorer cognitive functioning, comparable to other high-stress caregiving groups (Burn & Szoeke, 2015; Grinstead et al., 2003; Kelley et al., 2021; Minkler & Fuller-Thomson, 2001; Winefield & Air, 2010).”
From Grandparent Caregiving and Epigenetic Aging among Midlife and Older Adults in the United States (2026) · cites this paper as Kelley et al., 2021
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Criteria for the systematic review of health promotion and public health interventions
Jackson, N., & Waters, E. (2005) · Health Promotion International · doi:10.1093/heapro/dai022 · Cited by 572
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Cited by
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Chan, A. C. Y., Lee, S.-K., Zhang, J., Banegas, J., Marsalis, S., & Gewirtz, A. H. (2023) · The gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/gnac026 · Cited by 65
Grandparent Caregiving and Epigenetic Aging among Midlife and Older Adults in the United States
Bhat, A. C., Trexberg, K. M., Apsley, A. T., Almeida, D. M., & Shalev, I. (2026) · The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · doi:10.1093/geronb/gbaf255 · Cited by 2
“A growing body of literature highlights grandparent caregiving as an important social determinant of health (Danielsbacka et al., 2022; Kelley et al., 2021; Kim et al., 2017), which can be explained through the family stress model.”
Metadata
- Authors
- Kelley, S. J., Whitley, D. M., Escarra, S. R., Zheng, R., Horne, E. M., & Warren, G. L.
- Affiliations
- Georgia State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kelley, Susan J.
- Venue
- Marriage & Family Review
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2020-12-28
- Volume
- 57
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 329-345
- ISSN
- 0149-4929 (ISSN-L)
- 1540-9635
- OpenAlex
- W3117680431
- Cited by
- 61
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 2
- FWCI
- 0.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Marriage & Family Review (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Intergenerational Family Dynamics and Caregiving
- Social Sciences › Demography › Family Dynamics and Relationships
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Family Support in Illness
- Keywords
- grandparents raising grandchildren, grandparenting, custodial grandparents, mental health, well-being, emotional vulnerability, intergenerational caregiving, family caregiving
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