Conceptualization and development of the acceptance of chronic health conditions scale
Abstract
Acceptance of chronic conditions often has been studied from the perspective of grief and loss. This paper presents a new conceptualization of acceptance of chronic conditions that is grounded in the perspective of those living with a chronic condition and focuses on adaptation to and acceptance of change in one's life. Data obtained from a sample of 822 persons with multiple sclerosis and a sample of more than 2,000 polio survivors support the reliability and validity of the new Acceptance of Chronic Health Conditions Scale.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The ACHC Scale is a validated and reliable 10-item self-report instrument developed to measure a person's acceptance of chronic health conditions, such as MS.
“The Acceptance of Chronic Health Conditions (ACHC) Scale is a validated and reliable 10-item self-report instrument developed to measure a person's acceptance of chronic health conditions, such as MS.”
From Neuropsychology intervention for managing invisible symptoms of MS (NIMIS-MS) group: A pilot effectiveness and acceptability study (2024) · cites this paper as Stuifbergen et al., 2008
Cites
(1991) · Cited by 15,554 · see citing works
Screening for Depression in Well Older Adults: Evaluation of a Short Form of the CES-D
Andresen, E. M., Malmgren, J. A., Carter, W. B., & Patrick, D. L. (1994) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0749-3797(18)30622-6 · Cited by 5,403 · see citing works
Andresen, E. M., Malmgren, J. A., Carter, W. B., & Patrick, D. L. (1994) · PubMed · Cited by 4,426 · see citing works
Ferrans, C. E., & Powers, M. J. (1985) · Advances in Nursing Science · doi:10.1097/00012272-198510000-00005 · Cited by 1,124 · see citing works
A Research and Service Oriented Multilevel Assessment Instrument
Lawton, M. P., Moss, M. S., Fulcomer, M. C., & Kleban, M. H. (1982) · Journal of Gerontology · doi:10.1093/geronj/37.1.91 · Cited by 990 · see citing works
Measuring Caregiving Appraisal
Lawton, M. P., Kleban, M. H., Moss, M. S., Rovine, M. J., & Glicksman, A. (1989) · Journal of Gerontology · doi:10.1093/geronj/44.3.p61 · Cited by 742 · see citing works
The Shifting Perspectives Model of Chronic Illness
Paterson, B. L. (2001) · Journal of Nursing Scholarship · doi:10.1111/j.1547-5069.2001.00021.x · Cited by 581 · see citing works
Acceptance of Disability and its Correlates
Li, L., & Moore, D. (1998) · The Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1080/00224549809600349 · Cited by 294 · see citing works
An Explanatory Model of Health Promotion and Quality of Life in Chronic Disabling Conditions
Stuifbergen, A. M., Seraphine, A. E., & Roberts, G. J. (2000) · Nursing Research · doi:10.1097/00006199-200005000-00002 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
Acceptance and denial: implications for people adapting to chronic illness: literature review
Telford, K., Kralik, D., & Koch, T. (2006) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2648.2006.03942.x · Cited by 246 · see citing works
(1995) · Cited by 242 · see citing works
Measuring Social Support with the Personal Resource Questionnaire
Weinert, C., & Brandt, P. A. (1987) · Western Journal of Nursing Research · doi:10.1177/019394598700900411 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Adjustment to misfortune: A problem of social-psychological rehabilitation.
Dembo, T., Leviton, G. L., & Wright, B. A. (1975) · Rehabilitation Psychology · doi:10.1037//0090-5550.22.1.100 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
A scale to measure acceptance of disability.
Linkowski, D. C. (1971) · Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin · Cited by 162 · see citing works
McCracken, L. M., & Vowles, K. E. (2006) · Current Pain and Headache Reports · doi:10.1007/s11916-006-0018-y · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Viane, I., Crombez, G., Eccleston, C., Devulder, J., & De Corte, W. (2004) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2004.09.008 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
A PROPOSAL FOR A UNIFORM MINIMAL RECORD OF DISABILITY IN MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS
Kurtzke, J. F. (1981) · Acta Neurologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1981.tb05548.x · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Stuifbergen, A., & Rogers, S. (1997) · ANS. Advances in nursing science · doi:10.1097/00012272-199706000-00002 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Psychosocial adaptation to disability and its investigation among persons with multiple sclerosis
Antonak, R. F., & Livneh, H. (1995) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/0277-9536(94)00167-r · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Demands of Illness and Individual, Dyadic, and Family Adaptation in Chronic Illness
Woods, N. F., Haberman, M. R., Packard, N. J., Jensen, L. A., & Strickland, O. L. (1993) · Western Journal of Nursing Research · doi:10.1177/019394599301500102 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
An explanatory model of health promotion and quality of life for persons with post-polio syndrome
Stuifbergen, A. M., Seraphine, A. E., Harrison, T. C., & Adachi, E. (2004) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.05.009 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Barker-Collo, S. L., Cartwright, C., & Read, J. (2006) · Journal of Neuroscience Nursing · doi:10.1097/01376517-200612000-00008 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Secondary Conditions and Life Satisfaction Among Polio Survivors
Stuifbergen, A. M. (2005) · Rehabilitation Nursing · doi:10.1002/j.2048-7940.2005.tb00105.x · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Moss-Morris, R., Dennison, L., Landau, S., Yardley, L., Silber, E., & Chalder, T. (2013) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0029132 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Pakenham, K. I., & Samios, C. (2013) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10865-012-9434-0 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
A systematic review of dimensions evaluating patient experience in chronic illness
Forestier, B., Anthoine, E., Reguiaï, Z., Fohrer, C., & Blanchin, M. (2019) · Health and Quality of Life Outcomes · doi:10.1186/s12955-019-1084-2 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Psychosocial interventions for adults with newly diagnosed chronic disease: A systematic review
Akyirem, S., Forbes, A., Wad, J. L., & Due-Christensen, M. (2022) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/1359105321995916 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Kramer, B. J., Kavanaugh, M. S., Trentham‐Dietz, A., Walsh, M., & Yonker, J. A. (2011) · OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying · doi:10.2190/om.62.3.a · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Dennison, L., Moss-Morris, R., Silber, E., Galea, I., & Chalder, T. (2010) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2010.04.009 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Kiropoulos, L. A., Kilpatrick, T., Holmes, A., & Threader, J. (2016) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-016-1152-7 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
“The 10-item Acceptance of Chronic Health Conditions Scale (ACHC) [35] was used to measure acceptance of MS illness which has been adapted to be used with an MS population.”
MethodSquires, L. A., Williams, N. H., & Morrison, V. L. (2016) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/1359105316677293 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Boer, L. M., Daudey, L., Peters, J. B., Molema, J., Prins, J. B., & Vercoulen, J. H. (2014) · International Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12529-013-9312-3 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Moss-Morris, R., Dennison, L., Yardley, L., Landau, S., Roche, S., McCrone, P., & Chalder, T. (2009) · BMC Neurology · doi:10.1186/1471-2377-9-45 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Kiropoulos, L., Ward, N., & Rozenblat, V. (2021) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/1359105319871639 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Developing a measure to assess identity reconstruction in patients with multiple sclerosis.
Stepleman, L. M., Floyd, R. M., Valvano, A. K., Penwell-Waines, L., Wonn, S., Crethers, D., Rahn, R., & Smith, S. E. (2017) · Rehabilitation Psychology · doi:10.1037/rep0000126 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Lim, S. H., Chan, S. W., Lai, J. H., & He, H. G. (2014) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/jan.12595 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Ditchman, N., Sung, C. Y. Y., Easton, A. B., Johnson, K. S., & Batchos, E. (2017) · Neurorehabilitation · doi:10.3233/nre-171440 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Whale, K., Cramer, H., Wright, A. J., Sanders, C. D., & Joinson, C. J. (2017) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-015544 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Manchaiah, V. K. C., Molander, P., Rönnberg, J., Andersson, G., & Lunner, T. (2014) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2013-004066 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Predictors of social integration for individuals with brain injury: An application of the ICF model
Ditchman, N., Sheehan, L. L., Rafajko, S., Haak, C., & Kazukauskas, K. A. (2016) · Brain Injury · doi:10.1080/02699052.2016.1199900 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Whale, K., Beasant, L., Wright, A. J., Yardley, L., WALLACE, L. M., Moody, L., & Joinson, C. J. (2021) · JMIR Pediatrics and Parenting · doi:10.2196/26212 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Kim, J. (2022) · Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation · doi:10.3233/jvr-221213 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Lim, S. H., He, H. G., & Chan, S. W. (2016) · Cancer Nursing · doi:10.1097/ncc.0000000000000411 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Psychological determinants of job retention in multiple sclerosis
Ford, H. L., Wicks, C. R., Stroud, A., & Tennant, A. (2018) · Multiple Sclerosis Journal · doi:10.1177/1352458518754362 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Intimate relationship quality, self-concept and illness acceptance in those with multiple sclerosis
Wright, T. M., & Kiropoulos, L. A. (2017) · Psychology, Health & Medicine · doi:10.1080/13548506.2016.1238492 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Jones, A. S. K., Harding, S., Seaton, N., Hudson, J. L., Duff, A., Wroe, A. L., Singh, H., Norton, S., Picariello, F., & Moss-Morris, R. E. (2024) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2024.107658 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Zeng, S. Y., Wu, R. C., Truong, K. N., & Chevalier, F. (2020) · Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive Mobile Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies · doi:10.1145/3432218 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Multiple sclerosis experiences of couples: Examination of patient and partner perspectives
Demirtepe-Saygılı, D. (2021) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/13591053211017192 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Zhou, K. (2023) · Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin · doi:10.1177/00343552231155216 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Brown, C. L., Colbeck, M., Fogarty, D., & Funk, S. (2016) · Disability and health journal · doi:10.1016/j.dhjo.2016.04.010 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Kiropoulos, L., Kilpatrick, T., Kalincek, T., Cherulov, L., Mcdonald, E., Wijeratne, T., Threader, J., Rozenblat, V., Simpson-O’Brien, N., van der Walt, A., et al. (2020) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-019-4018-8 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Foote, H., Bowen, A., Cotterill, S., Hill, G., Pieri, M., & Patchwood, E. (2023) · Clinical Rehabilitation · doi:10.1177/02692155221144554 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Choi, E. C.-E., Long, V. S., Phan, P., Shen, L., Lim, Z. V., Koh, M. J. A., Chua, J. Y., Dalakoti, M., Ho, C. S. H., Chandran, N. S., et al. (2025) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2024-098266 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Support for living well with long‐term conditions: How people manage
Budge, C. R., Taylor, M., & Curtis, C. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Nursing · doi:10.1111/jocn.15560 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Psychometric Properties of a Measure of Acceptance of Long-Standing Health Problems
McDonald, P. E., Zauszniewski, J. A., & Bekhet, A. K. (2011) · Issues in Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.3109/01612840.2010.551449 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Wallin, A., Forslin, M., Johansson, S., & Kierkegaard, M. (2019) · Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.msard.2019.07.033 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Factors impacting sense of community among adults with brain injury.
Ditchman, N., Chan, F. H., Haak, C., & Easton, A. B. (2017) · Rehabilitation Psychology · doi:10.1037/rep0000139 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Are You Getting Enough to Eat? Addressing Food Insecurity in Rehabilitation Clients
Fleming, A. R., Phillips, B. N., & Hanna, J. L. (2019) · Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0034355219886654 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Wallin, A., Franzén, E., Ekman, U., Piehl, F., & Johansson, S. (2023) · Pilot and Feasibility Studies · doi:10.1186/s40814-023-01265-7 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
O'Keeffe, F., Cogley, C., McManus, C., Davenport, L., O'Connor, S., Tubridy, N., Gaughan, M., McGuigan, C., & Bramham, J. (2024) · Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.msard.2024.105719 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Bhattarai, M., Lee, G. K., & Kuo, H. J. (2025) · Geriatrics · doi:10.3390/geriatrics10030077 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
The experience of stigma and concealment in multiple sclerosis.
Maguire, R., Ahern, A., Shrivastava, S., & Maguire, P. (2024) · Stigma and Health · doi:10.1037/sah0000599 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
A Qualitative Analysis of Life Course Adjustment to Multiple Morbidity and Disability
Harrison, T. C., Taylor, J. Z., Fredland, N., Stuifbergen, A. M., Walker, J. L., & Choban, R. (2012) · Research in Gerontological Nursing · doi:10.3928/19404921-20121107-01 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
The experience of young adults living with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
Beshears, B. (2010) · doi:10.32469/10355/10926 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
de Rooy, M. J., Milota, M., van Geelen, S. M., de Bruin, L. C., & Scheepers, F. E. (2025) · BJPsych Open · doi:10.1192/bjo.2025.10810 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Forslin, M., Kottorp, A., Kierkegaard, M., & Johansson, S. (2016) · Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine · doi:10.2340/16501977-2151 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Goldsmith, K., Hudson, J. L., Chalder, T., Dennison, L., & Moss-Morris, R. (2020) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2020.103594 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Ayele, B., Tadele, G., & Engdawork, K. (2025) · International Journal for Equity in Health · doi:10.1186/s12939-025-02639-4 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Suzuki, A., Ishikawa, H., & OKADA, M. (2021) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/21582440211058197 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Le processus de construction de sens dans l’adaptation à la sclérose en plaques
Couture, C., Brassard, A., & Brault‐Labbé, A. (2014) · Revue Neurologique · doi:10.1016/j.neurol.2013.12.003 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Kiropoulos, L., Kilpatrick, T., Kalincik, T., Churilov, L., McDonald, E., Wijeratne, T., Threader, J., Rozenblat, V., O’Brien-Simpson, N., Van Der Walt, A., et al. (2020) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-020-04261-x · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Stoner, C. R., Perkins, A., Durgante, H. B., Birt, L., & Spector, A. E. (2025) · Psychology Health & Medicine · doi:10.1080/13548506.2025.2573835 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Jones, A. S. K., Seaton, N., Harding, S., Duff, A., Hudson, J. L., Wroe, A. L., Norton, S., Singh, H., Onih, J., & Moss-Morris, R. E. (2025) · Inflammatory Bowel Diseases · doi:10.1093/ibd/izaf259 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Health promotion among young adult African American men with invisible disability
Ricks, T. N. (2013) · Texas ScholarWorks (Texas Digital Library)
For peer review only Acceptance of hearing disability in adults noticing hearing difficulties
Molander, P., Rönnberg, J., & Andersson, G. (2013)
Willoughby, D. (2017) · The Atrium (University of Guelph)
Couture, C. (2011) · Développement Humain Handicap et Changement Social · doi:10.7202/1087275ar
Stephanou, M. (2022) · Patient Experience Journal · doi:10.35680/2372-0247.1756
Ellefsen, É., & Lafontaine, S. (2024) · Recherche en soins infirmiers · doi:10.3917/rsi.155.0020
Kim, J., Zhou, K., Rumrill, S. P., & Kim, I. (2025) · Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin · doi:10.1177/00343552251320940
Li, G., Qin, R., Zhao, X., Zhao, D., Qi, M., & Li, P. (2025) · International Journal of Nursing Practice · doi:10.1111/ijn.70023
Jenkinson, E., Moss-Morris, R. E., Seaton, N., Silber, E., Okai, D., Wroe, A. L., Brodie, S., Norton, S., & Hudson, J. L. (2026) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/83416
Kiropoulos, L. A., Kilpatrick, T. J., Kalincik, T., Churilov, L., Macdonell, R. A. L., Shuey, N. H., & Wijeratne, T. (2026) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2026.121917
Gorbatenko-Roth, K. G., Trinitapoli, M., Wood, S., Wallander, I. D., Nugent, J. S., & Hordinsky, M. (2026) · JEADV Clinical Practice · doi:10.1002/jvc2.70378
Stuifbergen, A. M., & Becker, H. (2026) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare14142130
- Authors
- Stuifbergen, A., Becker, H., Blozis, S., & Beal, C.
- Affiliations
- The University of Texas at Austin (US)
- University of California, Davis (US)
- Venue
- Issues in Mental Health Nursing
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2008-01
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 101-114
- ISSN
- 0161-2840 (ISSN-L)
- 1096-4673
- OpenAlex
- W2041442274
- Cited by
- 62
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 7 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 2.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Issues in Mental Health Nursing (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Nursing Research (R01NR003195)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer survivorship and care
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
- Keywords
- scale development, multiple sclerosis, polio survivors, adaptation to change, grief and loss, psychometric validation, reliability and validity
- MeSH terms
- Activities of Daily Living, Adaptation, Psychological, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Attitude to Health, Chronic Disease, Female, Humans, Life Change Events, Male, Middle Aged, Models, Psychological, Multiple Sclerosis, Nursing Assessment, Poliomyelitis, Psychometrics, Surveys and Questionnaires, Southwestern United States, Nursing Methodology Research, Qualitative Research
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review