The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A Test for Symmetry in Contingency Tables
Abstract
Suppose that a sample of N individuals is classified according to two arguments, A and B, in an m by m contingency table and suppose that the categories of classification A are associated in some unique way with the categories of classification B. For example, in the study in which this problem arose the categories were related to the position of plates of stickleback (Gasterosteus) and the two arguments corresponded to right and left sides; it was logical to associate identical patterns on opposite sides. Denote by Pij the probability that a randomly chosen individual belongs to the ith. row and jth column of the table. As usual, a dot indicates summation over the replaced index.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Note on the Sampling Error of the Difference Between Correlated Proportions or Percentages
McNemar, Q. (1947) · Psychometrika · doi:10.1007/bf02295996 · Cited by 4,754
Cited by
Phylogenomics resolves the timing and pattern of insect evolution
Misof, B., Liu, S., Meusemann, K., Peters, R. S., Donath, A., Mayer, C., Frandsen, P. B., Ware, J., Flouri, T., Beutel, R. G., et al. (2014) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1257570 · Cited by 2,694
Detecting and Overcoming Systematic Errors in Genome-Scale Phylogenies
Rodríguez-Ezpeleta, N., Brinkmann, H., Roure, B., Lartillot, N., Lang, B. F., & Philippe, H. (2007) · Systematic Biology · doi:10.1080/10635150701397643 · Cited by 323
Effects of surgical treatment of the metabolic syndrome on liver fibrosis and cirrhosis
Kral, J. G., Thung, S. N., Biron, S., Hould, F.-S., Lebel, S., Marceau, S., Simard, S., & Marceau, P. (2004) · Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.surg.2003.10.003 · Cited by 322
Oligodendrogliomas: Reproducibility and prognostic value of histologic diagnosis and grading
Giannini, C., Scheithauer, B. W., Weaver, A. L., Burger, P. C., Kros, J. M., Mork, S., Graeber, M. B., Bauserman, S., Buckner, J. C., Burton, J., et al. (2001) · Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1093/jnen/60.3.248 · Cited by 219
Quality of life before and after liver transplantation for cholestatic liver disease
Gross, C. R., Malinchoc, M., Kim, R. W., Evans, R. W., Wiesner, R. H., Petz, J. L., Crippin, J. S., Klintmalm, G. B., Levy, M. F., Ricci, P., et al. (1999) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.510290229 · Cited by 192
Metadata
- Authors
- Bowker, A. H.
- Venue
- Journal of the American Statistical Association
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 1948-12
- Volume
- 43
- Issue
- 244
- Pages
- 572-574
- ISSN
- 0162-1459 (ISSN-L)
- 1537-274X
- OpenAlex
- W1968783088
- Cited by
- 753
- References
- 1
- FWCI
- 3.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: A Test for Symmetry in Contingency Tables. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1080/01621459.1948.10483284
- The paper
- Bowker, A. H. (1948). A Test for Symmetry in Contingency Tables. Journal of the American Statistical Association. https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1948.10483284
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
