Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 242

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 2 of the 2 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

An Investigation of Interview Method, Threat and Response Distortion

Locander, William, Sudman, Seymour, Bradburn, Norman·1976·Journal of the American Statistical Association

Abstract

This validation study examined the joint effects of question threat and method of administration on response distortion using four interviewing techniques. The level of threat was varied by asking questions about library card ownership, voting, bankruptcy involvement, and having been charged with drunken driving. The results indicated that response distortion increased sharply as threat increased. None of the data methods was clearly superior to all other methods for all types of threatening questions. Randomized response gave the lowest distortion on questions about socially undesirable acts, but even with this procedure there was still a 35 percent understatement of drunken driving.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1080/01621459.1976.10480332

Cites

2 of 2 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 2 references

Cited by

See all 242

Metadata

Authors
Locander, W., Sudman, S., & Bradburn, N.
Venue
Journal of the American Statistical Association
Published
1976-06
Volume
71
Issue
354
Pages
269-275
ISSN
  • 0162-1459 (ISSN-L)
  • 1537-274X
OpenAlex
W2063357448
Cited by
242
References
2
FWCI
31.86
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: An Investigation of Interview Method, Threat and Response Distortion. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1080/01621459.1976.10480332
The paper
Locander, W., Sudman, S., & Bradburn, N. (1976). An Investigation of Interview Method, Threat and Response Distortion. Journal of the American Statistical Association. https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1976.10480332

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.