Sensitive questions in surveys.

Tourangeau, Roger; Yan, Ting

doi:10.1037/0033-2909.133.5.859

Cited by 3,057Survey Methodology and NonresponseSurvey Sampling and Estimation TechniquesPsychometric Methodologies and Testing

Sensitive questions in surveys.

Tourangeau, Roger, Yan, Ting·2007·Psychological Bulletin

DOI 10.1037/0033-2909.133.5.859

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Abstract

Psychologists have worried about the distortions introduced into standardized personality measures by social desirability bias. Survey researchers have had similar concerns about the accuracy of survey reports about such topics as illicit drug use, abortion, and sexual behavior. The article reviews the research done by survey methodologists on reporting errors in surveys on sensitive topics, noting parallels and differences from the psychological literature on social desirability. The findings from the survey studies suggest that misreporting about sensitive topics is quite common and that it is largely situational. The extent of misreporting depends on whether the respondent has anything embarrassing to report and on design features of the survey. The survey evidence also indicates that misreporting on sensitive topics is a more or less motivated process in which respondents edit the information they report to avoid embarrassing themselves in the presence of an interviewer or to avoid repercussions from third parties.

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Evan, W. M., & Miller, J. R. (1969) · Systems Research and Behavioral Science · doi:10.1002/bs.3830140306 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Discrepancies between men and women in reporting number of sexual partners: A summary from four countries
Smith, T. W. (1992) · Biodemography and Social Biology · doi:10.1080/19485565.1992.9988817 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Redesigning an Ongoing National Household Survey: Methodological Issues
Gfroerer, J., Eyerman, J., & Chromy, J. R. (2002) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e439972005-001 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Under‐Reporting of Alcohol Consumption in Sample Surveys: The Effect of Computer Interviewing in Fieldwork
Duffy, J. C., & Waterton, J. J. (1984) · British Journal of Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1984.tb00278.x · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Current Methods of Assessing Substance Use: A Review of Strengths, Problems, and Developments
Richter, L., & Johnson, P. B. (2001) · Journal of Drug Issues · doi:10.1177/002204260103100401 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
The Recanting of Earlier Reported Drug Use by Young Adults
Johnston, L. D., & O’Malley, P. M. (1997) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e495622006-005 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Mode of Interview and Reporting of Sensitive Issues: Design and Implementation of Audio Computer-Assisted Self-Interviewing
Lessler, J. T., & O'Reilly, J. M. (1997) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e495622006-018 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Attentional Load Increases the Positivity of Self-Presentation
Paulhus, D. L., Graf, P., & Selst, M. V. (1989) · Social Cognition · doi:10.1521/soco.1989.7.4.389 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
The Association of Survey Setting and Mode with Self-Reported Health Risk Behaviors among High School Students
Brener, N. D., Eaton, D. K., Kann, L. K., Grunbaum, J. A., Gross, L. A., Kyle, T. M., & Ross, J. G. (2006) · Public Opinion Quarterly · doi:10.1093/poq/nfl003 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Can Changes in Context Reduce Vote Overreporting in Surveys?
Presser, S. (1990) · Public Opinion Quarterly · doi:10.1086/269229 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Cognition and Survey Research
Czaja, R., Sirken, M. G., Herrmann, D. J., Schechter, S., Schwarz, N., Tanur, J. M., & Tourangeau, R. (2000) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2655276 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Self-citation
The Validity of Self-Reports of Drug Use at Treatment Admission and at Followup: Comparisons With Urinalysis and Hair Assays
Wish, E. D., Hoffman, J., & Nemes, S. (1997) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e495622006-011 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Mode Effects in Self-Reported Mental Health Data
Epstein, J. F., Barker, P. R., & Kroutil, L. A. (2001) · Public Opinion Quarterly · doi:10.1086/323577 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Measuring Responding Desirably with Attitude-Opinion Items
SCHUESSLER, K. F., Hittle, D. F., & Cardascia, J. (1978) · Social Psychology · doi:10.2307/3033559 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Motivation to Report Sensitive Behaviors on Surveys: Evidence From a Bogus Pipeline Experiment1
Tourangeau, R., Smith, T. W., & Rasinski, K. A. (1997) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1997.tb00629.x · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Self-citation
Effects of Spouse Presence During the Interview on Survey Responses Concerning Marriage
Aquilino, W. S. (1993) · Public Opinion Quarterly · doi:10.1086/269381 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Attitudes and Behavior
Singer, E., Hoewyk, J. V., & Neugebauer, R. J. (2003) · Public Opinion Quarterly · doi:10.1086/377465 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
An Evaluation of the Validity and Reliability of Survey Response Data On Household Electricity Conservation
Fuj, E. T., Hennessy, M. H., & Mak, J. (1985) · Evaluation Review · doi:10.1177/0193841x8500900106 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Understanding the Effects of Audio-CASI on Self-Reports of Sensitive Behavior
Couper, M. P., Singer, E., & Tourangeau, R. (2003) · Public Opinion Quarterly · doi:10.1086/376948 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Self-citation
Collecting Sensitive Data
Mangione, T. W., Hingson, R., & BARRETT, J. A. (1982) · Sociological Methods & Research · doi:10.1177/0049124182010003006 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
An Evaluation of Computer-Assisted Self-Interviews in a School Setting
Beebe, T. J., Harrison, P. A., McRae, J. A., Anderson, R. E., & Fulkerson, J. A. (1998) · Public Opinion Quarterly · doi:10.1086/297863 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Using implicit goal priming to improve the quality of self-report data
Rasinski, K. A., Visser, P. S., Zagatsky, M., & Rickett, E. M. (2004) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2004.07.001 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Examining Prevalence Differences in Three National Surveys of Youth: Impact of Consent Procedures, Mode, and Editing Rules
Fendrich, M., & Johnson, T. P. (2001) · Journal of Drug Issues · doi:10.1177/002204260103100303 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Responses on computer surveys: Impression management, social desirability, and the big brother syndrome
Rosenfeld, P., Booth‐Kewley, S., EDWARDS, J. E., & Thomas, M. D. (1996) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/0747-5632(96)00006-4 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
A New Method of Examining Relationships between Individual Difference Measures and Sensitive Behavior Criteria: Evaluating the Unmatched Count Technique
Ahart, A. M., & Sackett, P. R. (2004) · Organizational Research Methods · doi:10.1177/1094428103259557 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
The Presence of Others and Overreporting of Voting in American National Elections
Silver, B. D., Abramson, P. R., & Anderson, B. A. (1986) · Public Opinion Quarterly · doi:10.1086/268977 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Nonresponse in household surveys.
Bethlehem, J. G., Cobben, F., & Schouten, B. (2006) · UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam) · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Anchoring and Acquiescence Bias in Measuring Assets in Household Surveys
Hurd, M. D., & Kapteyn, A. (1999) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-017-1406-8_5 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Assessment of Cigarette Smoking and Smoking Susceptibility among Youth Telephone Computer-Assisted Self-Interviews versus Computer-Assisted Telephone Interviews
Moskowitz, J. M. (2004) · Public Opinion Quarterly · doi:10.1093/poq/nfh040 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Attempts to improve the accuracy of self-reports of voting.
Abelson, R. P., Loftus, E. F., & Greenwald, A. G. (1992) · Cited by 62 · see citing works
A comparison of four computer-based telephone interviewing methods: Getting answers to sensitive questions
Corkrey, R., & Parkinson, L. (2002) · Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers · doi:10.3758/bf03195463 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
The reliability of a computer interview for drug use/abuse information
Erdman, H. P., Klein, M. H., & Greist, J. H. (1983) · Behavior Research Methods · doi:10.3758/bf03203440 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Privacy Effects on Self-Reported Drug Use: Interactions With Survey Mode and Respondent Characteristics
Aquilino, W. S. (1997) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e495622006-019 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Developing Computer Assisted Interviewing (CAI) for the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse
Lessler, J. T., Caspar, R. A., Penne, M. A., & Barker, P. R. (2000) · Journal of Drug Issues · doi:10.1177/002204260003000102 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Understanding the Differences in Youth Drug Prevalence Rates Produced by the MTF, NHSDA, and Yrbs Studies
Harrison, L. D. (2001) · Journal of Drug Issues · doi:10.1177/002204260103100305 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Participation in the 1990 Decennial Census
Couper, M. P., Singer, E., & Kulka, R. A. (1998) · American Politics Research · doi:10.1177/1532673x9802600104 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Response Errors in Self-Reported Number of Arrests
Wyner, G. A. (1980) · Sociological Methods & Research · doi:10.1177/004912418000900203 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Face Management, Question Wording, and Social Desirability1
Holtgraves, T., Eck, J., & Lasky, B. (1997) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1997.tb01618.x · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Reports of Smoking in a National Survey
Brittingham, A., Tourangeau, R., & Kay, W. (1998) · Annals of Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/s1047-2797(97)00237-8 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Self-citation
Does Telephone Audio Computer-Assisted Self-Interviewing Improve the Accuracy of Prevalence Estimates of Youth Smoking?: Evidence from the UMass Tobacco Study
Currivan, D. B. (2004) · Public Opinion Quarterly · doi:10.1093/poq/nfh039 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Base Rates of Hate Crime Victimization among College Students
Rayburn, N. R., Earleywine, M., & Davison, G. C. (2003) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260503255559 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Impression Management in Computer-Based Interviews: The Effects of Input Modality, Output Modality, and Distance
Moon, Y. (1998) · Public Opinion Quarterly · doi:10.1086/297862 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Does Voice Matter? An Interactive Voice Response (IVR) Experiment
Singer, E., Couper, M. P., & Tourangeau, R. (2004) · Journal of Official Statistics · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Self-citation
An Investigation of Base Rates of Anti-Gay Hate Crimes Using the Unmatched-Count Technique
Rayburn, N. R., Earleywine, M., & Davison, G. C. (2003) · Journal of Aggression Maltreatment & Trauma · doi:10.1300/j146v06n02_07 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Effects of Interview Mode on Reporting of Moods, Symptoms, and Need for Social Approval
Henson, R., Cannell, C. F., & Roth, A. V. (1978) · The Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1080/00224545.1978.9924098 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Examining Substance Abuse Data Collection Methodologies
Sudman, S. (2001) · Journal of Drug Issues · doi:10.1177/002204260103100306 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Model-based estimation of drug use prevalence using item count data
Brown, G. G., & Biemer, P. P. (2005) · Journal of Official Statistics · Cited by 33 · see citing works
A comparison of observed and reported restraint use by children and adults
Stulginskas, J. V., Verreault, R., & Pless, I. B. (1985) · Accident Analysis & Prevention · doi:10.1016/0001-4575(85)90092-2 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Learning from Experience: Estimating Teen Use of Alcohol, Cigarettes, and Marijuana from Three Survey Protocols
Fowler, F. J., & Stringfellow, V. L. (2001) · Journal of Drug Issues · doi:10.1177/002204260103100304 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Collecting "Sensitive" Data in Business Ethics Research: A Case for the Unmatched Count Technique (UCT)
Dalton, D. R., Daily, C. M., & Wimbush, J. C. (1997) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1023/a:1017917904743 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Notes On the Contamination Method
Berman, J. J., McCombs, H. G., & Boruch, R. F. (1977) · Sociological Methods & Research · doi:10.1177/004912417700600102 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
ACQUIESCENCE AND DESIRABILITY AS RESPONSE DETERMINANTS ON THE MMPI1
Jackson, D. N., & Messick, S. (1960) · ETS Research Bulletin Series · doi:10.1002/j.2333-8504.1960.tb00101.x · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Conflicting Group Norms and the "Third" Person in the Interview
Taietz, P. (1962) · American Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1086/223269 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Impact of Interviewer Experience on Respondent Reports of Substance Use
Odom, D. M., Giacoletti, K., Chromy, J. R., & Hughes, A. (2002) · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Privacy, Confidentiality, and Respondent Burden as Factors in Telephone Survey Nonresponse
Singer, E., & Presser, S. (2007) · doi:10.1002/9780470173404.ch21 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
An Overview Of The Respondent-Generated Intervals (RGI) Approach To Sample Surveys
Press, S. J., & Tanur, J. M. (2004) · Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods · doi:10.22237/jmasm/1099267440 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

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Ecological momentary assessment
Shiffman, S., Stone, A. A., & Hufford, M. R. (2008) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.3.022806.091415 · Cited by 6,454 · see citing works
Discrimination and racial disparities in health: evidence and needed research
Williams, D. R., & Mohammed, S. A. (2009) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10865-008-9185-0 · Cited by 3,371 · see citing works
Suicide and suicidal behavior
Nock, M. K., Borges, G., Bromet, E. J., Cha, C. B., Kessler, R. C., & Lee, S. (2008) · Epidemiologic Reviews · doi:10.1093/epirev/mxn002 · Cited by 2,897 · see citing works
Determinants of social desirability bias in sensitive surveys: a literature review
Krumpal, I. (2013) · Quality & Quantity · doi:10.1007/s11135-011-9640-9 · Cited by 2,860 · see citing works
The Health of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people: building a foundation for better understanding
(2012) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.49-2699 · Cited by 2,590 · see citing works
Measuring the Prevalence of Questionable Research Practices With Incentives for Truth Telling
John, L. K., Loewenstein, G., & Prelec, D. (2012) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797611430953 · Cited by 2,239 · see citing works
Privacy and human behavior in the age of information
Acquisti, A., Brandimarte, L., & Loewenstein, G. (2015) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aaa1465 · Cited by 1,879 · see citing works
Contemporary Guidance for Stated Preference Studies
Johnston, R. J., Boyle, K., Adamowicz, W., Bennett, J., Brouwer, R., Cameron, T. A., Hanemann, W. M., Hanley, N. D., Ryan, M., Riccardo Scarpa, A., et al. (2017) · Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists · doi:10.1086/691697 · Cited by 1,458 · see citing works
Self-citation
Validating vignette and conjoint survey experiments against real-world behavior
Hainmueller, J., Hangartner, D., & Yamamoto, T. (2015) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1416587112 · Cited by 1,344 · see citing works
Social Desirability Bias in CATI, IVR, and Web Surveys: The Effects of Mode and Question Sensitivity
Kreuter, F., Presser, S., & Tourangeau, R. (2008) · Public Opinion Quarterly · doi:10.1093/poq/nfn063 · Cited by 1,225 · see citing works
Self-citation
Prevalence of adverse childhood experiences from the 2011-2014 behavioral risk factor surveillance system in 23 states
Merrick, M. T., Ford, D. C., Ports, K. A., & Guinn, A. S. (2018) · JAMA Pediatrics · doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2018.2537 · Cited by 1,189 · see citing works
Predicting ethnic and racial discrimination: A meta-analysis of IAT criterion studies.
Oswald, F. L., Mitchell, G., Blanton, H., Jaccard, J. J., & Tetlock, P. E. (2013) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0032734 · Cited by 975 · see citing works
Separating the Shirkers from the Workers? Making Sure Respondents Pay Attention on Self‐Administered Surveys
Berinsky, A. J., Margolis, M. F., & Sances, M. W. (2014) · American Journal of Political Science · doi:10.1111/ajps.12081 · Cited by 951 · see citing works
Epidemiology of<i>DSM-5</i>Drug Use Disorder: Results From the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions–III
Grant, B. F., Saha, T. D., Ruan, W. J., Goldstein, R. B., Chou, S. P., Jung, J., Zhang, H., Smith, S. M., Pickering, R. P., Huang, B., et al. (2016) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2015.2132 · Cited by 877 · see citing works
The relationship between social desirability bias and self-reports of health, substance use, and social network factors among urban substance users in Baltimore, Maryland
Latkin, C. A., Edwards, C., Davey-Rothwell, M. A., & Tobin, K. E. (2017) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.05.005 · Cited by 865 · see citing works
Confusion can be beneficial for learning.
D'Mello, S. K., Lehman, B. A., Pekrun, R., & Graesser, A. (2014) · Learning and Instruction · doi:10.1016/j.learninstruc.2012.05.003 · Cited by 782 · see citing works
How Many Cancer Patients Use Complementary and Alternative Medicine
Horneber, M., Büschel, G., Dennert, G., Less, D., Ritter, E. J., & Zwahlen, M. (2011) · Integrative Cancer Therapies · doi:10.1177/1534735411423920 · Cited by 719 · see citing works
Revealing the form and function of self-injurious thoughts and behaviors: a real-time ecological assessment study among adolescents and young adults
Nock, M. K., Prinstein, M. J., & Sterba, S. K. (2009) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0016948 · Cited by 662 · see citing works
Internalization of Environmental Practices and Institutional Complexity: Can Stakeholders Pressures Encourage Greenwashing?
Testa, F., Boiral, O., & Iraldo, F. (2015) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-015-2960-2 · Cited by 652 · see citing works
Controlling social desirability bias
Larson, R. B. (2018) · International Journal of Market Research · doi:10.1177/1470785318805305 · Cited by 662 · see citing works
Statistical Analysis of List Experiments
Blair, G., & Imai, K. (2012) · Political Analysis · doi:10.1093/pan/mpr048 · Cited by 639 · see citing works
Generational Differences in Work-Related Attitudes: A Meta-analysis
Costanza, D. P., Badger, J. M., Fraser, R. L., Severt, J. B., & Gade, P. A. (2012) · Journal of Business and Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10869-012-9259-4 · Cited by 623 · see citing works
Adolescents and Pornography: A Review of 20 Years of Research
Peter, J., & Valkenburg, P. M. (2016) · The Journal of Sex Research · doi:10.1080/00224499.2016.1143441 · Cited by 620 · see citing works
How CEO hubris affects corporate social (ir)responsibility
Tang, Y., Qian, C., Chen, G., & Shen, R. (2014) · Strategic Management Journal · doi:10.1002/smj.2286 · Cited by 608 · see citing works
Measuring the impact of programs that challenge the public stigma of mental illness
Corrigan, P. W., & Shapiro, J. R. (2010) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2010.06.004 · Cited by 571 · see citing works
COSMOS-E: Guidance on conducting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational studies of etiology
Dekkers, O. M., Vandenbroucke, J. P., Cevallos, M., Renehan, A. G., Altman, D. G., & Egger, M. (2019) · PLOS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1002742 · Cited by 525 · see citing works
Social desirability bias in voter turnout reports: Tests using the item count technique
Holbrook, A. L., & Krosnick, J. A. (2010) · Public Opinion Quarterly · doi:10.1093/poq/nfp065 · Cited by 540 · see citing works
Social desirability biases in self-reported alcohol consumption and harms
Davis, C. G., Thake, J., & Vilhena, N. (2010) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2009.11.001 · Cited by 524 · see citing works
Vote Buying and Social Desirability Bias: Experimental Evidence from Nicaragua
Ocantos, E. A. G., de Jonge, C. K., Meléndez, C., Osorio, J., & Nickerson, D. W. (2011) · American Journal of Political Science · doi:10.1111/j.1540-5907.2011.00540.x · Cited by 492 · see citing works
Discrimination in the United States: experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer Americans.
Casey, L. S., Reisner, S. L., Findling, M. G., Blendon, R. J., Benson, J. M., Sayde, J. M., & Miller, C. (2019) · Health Services Research · doi:10.1111/1475-6773.13229 · Cited by 467 · see citing works
The frequencies and disparities of adverse childhood experiences in the U.S.
Giano, Z. D., Wheeler, D., & Hubach, R. D. (2020) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-020-09411-z · Cited by 476 · see citing works
Lies, Damned Lies, and Survey Self-Reports? Identity as a Cause of Measurement Bias
Brenner, P. S., & DeLamater, J. (2016) · Social Psychology Quarterly · doi:10.1177/0190272516628298 · Cited by 457 · see citing works
Adult Consequences of Late Adolescent Alcohol Consumption: A Systematic Review of Cohort Studies
McCambridge, J., McAlaney, J., & Rowe, R. (2011) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000413 · Cited by 452 · see citing works
The cost of racial animus on a black candidate: Evidence using Google search data
Stephens-Davidowitz, S. I. (2014) · Journal of Public Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jpubeco.2014.04.010 · Cited by 443 · see citing works
The Prevalence of Lying in America: Three Studies of Self-Reported Lies
Serota, K. B., Levine, T. R., & Boster, F. J. (2009) · Human Communication Research · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2958.2009.01366.x · Cited by 440 · see citing works
Strangers on a Plane: Context-Dependent Willingness to Divulge Sensitive Information
John, L. K., Acquisti, A., & Loewenstein, G. (2011) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/656423 · Cited by 414 · see citing works
Disclosure of sensitive behaviors across self-administered survey modes: a meta-analysis
Gnambs, T., & Kaspar, K. (2015) · Behavior Research Methods · doi:10.3758/s13428-014-0533-4 · Cited by 422 · see citing works
Lifetime Prevalence of Suicide Attempts Among Sexual Minority Adults by Study Sampling Strategies: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Salway, T. J., Bogaert, L., Rhodes, A. E., Brennan, D. J., & Gesink, D. (2016) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2016.303088 · Cited by 418 · see citing works
What Can We Learn with Statistical Truth Serum?
Glynn, A. (2013) · Public Opinion Quarterly · doi:10.1093/poq/nfs070 · Cited by 413 · see citing works
THE POPULATION PREVALENCE OF PROBLEM GAMBLING: Methodological Influences, Standardized Rates, Jurisdictional Differences, and Worldwide Trends
Williams, R. J., Volberg, R. A., & Stevens, R. M. G. (2012) · Open ULeth Scholarship (OPUS) (University of Lethbridge) · Cited by 400 · see citing works
Qualitative research interviews
Knox, S., & Burkard, A. W. (2009) · Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/10503300802702105 · Cited by 371 · see citing works
Socially Desirable Response Tendencies in Survey Research
Steenkamp, J.-B. E. M., De Jong, M. G., & Baumgartner, H. (2010) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.1509/jmkr.47.2.199 · Cited by 444 · see citing works
The “World Café” as a Participatory Method for Collecting Qualitative Data
Löhr, K., Weinhardt, M., & Sieber, S. (2020) · International Journal of Qualitative Methods · doi:10.1177/1609406920916976 · Cited by 392 · see citing works
The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test
Stevenson, M., Lloyd-Jones, M., Morgan, M. Y., & Wong, R. H. Y. (2012) · Cited by 359 · see citing works
Political Consequences of the Carceral State
WEAVER, V. M., & LERMAN, A. E. (2010) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.1017/s0003055410000456 · Cited by 506 · see citing works
Discrimination in the United States: Experiences of black Americans
Bleich, S. N., Findling, M. G., Casey, L. S., Blendon, R. J., Benson, J. M., SteelFisher, G. K., Sayde, J. M., & Miller, C. (2019) · Health Services Research · doi:10.1111/1475-6773.13220 · Cited by 356 · see citing works
Associations between a one-shot delay discounting measure and age, income, education and real-world impulsive behavior
Reimers, S. J., Maylor, E. A., Stewart, N., & Nick Chater, A. (2009) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2009.07.026 · Cited by 338 · see citing works
Going above and beyond: how sustainability culture and entrepreneurial orientation drive social sustainability supply chain practice adoption
Marshall, D., McCarthy, L., McGrath, P., & Claudy, M. (2015) · Supply Chain Management An International Journal · doi:10.1108/scm-08-2014-0267 · Cited by 339 · see citing works
"I regretted the minute I pressed share": a qualitative study of regrets on Facebook
Wang, Y., Norcie, G., Komanduri, S., Acquisti, A., Leon, P. G., & Cranor, L. F. (2011) · Proceedings of the Seventh Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security · doi:10.1145/2078827.2078841 · Cited by 479 · see citing works
Social desirability is the same in offline, online, and paper surveys: A meta-analysis
Dodou, D., & de Winter, J. C. F. (2014) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2014.04.005 · Cited by 325 · see citing works
Abortion and mental health: Evaluating the evidence.
Major, B., Appelbaum, M. I., Beckman, L. J., Dutton, M. A., Russo, N. F., & West, C. M. (2009) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/a0017497 · Cited by 320 · see citing works
Examination of the factorial structure of adverse childhood experiences and recommendations for three subscale scores
Ford, D. C., Merrick, M. T., Parks, S. E., Breiding, M. J., Gilbert, L. K., Edwards, V. J., Dhingra, S. S., Barile, J. P., & Thompson, W. W. (2014) · Psychology of Violence · doi:10.1037/a0037723 · Cited by 301 · see citing works
Childhood Disadvantage and Health Problems in Middle and Later Life: Early Imprints on Physical Health?
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T.: Sensitive questions in surveys
Tourangeau, R., & Yan, T. (2007)
Self-citation
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Authors: Tourangeau, R., & Yan, T.
Affiliations: University of Maryland, College Park (US)
University of Michigan (US)
ORCID: Yan, Ting
Venue: Psychological Bulletin
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2007
Volume: 133
Issue: 5
Pages: 859-883
ISSN: 0033-2909 (ISSN-L)
1939-1455
DOI: 10.1037/0033-2909.133.5.859
OpenAlex: W2080673930
Cited by: 3,057
References: 168
Citations by year: 2026: 279 · 2025: 247 · 2024: 188 · 2023: 157 · 2022: 201 · 2021: 254 · 2020: 233 · 2019: 189 · 2018: 198 · 2017: 199 · 2016: 166 · 2015: 157 · 2014: 153 · 2013: 146 · 2012: 99
FWCI: 137.22
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Psychological Bulletin (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Survey Methodology and Nonresponse
Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Survey Sampling and Estimation Techniques
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Keywords: sensitive questions, social desirability bias, misreporting, survey accuracy, error reporting, survey design, embarrassment, illicit drug use, sexual behavior, abortion, personality measures
MeSH terms: Abortion, Induced, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, Personality Tests, Pregnancy, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sexual Behavior, Social Desirability, Social Problems, Illicit Drugs, Bias, Substance-Related Disorders

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