Technical work of women in Nepal’s rural water supply and sanitation.
Abstract
The Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Support Programme (RWSSSP) in Western Nepal trained more than 940 persons as village maintenance workers, local latrine builders, rainwater harvesting jar masons and water technicians. Of these, 116 were women. This study investigated the status of these women years after the training, paying attention to the technical quality of work, personal attitudes, views of the family and community, and socio-economic impacts. The interviewed women were positive about the training and related work, 77% were working, and all clearly had the support of their family members. Yet, there are many areas for improvement.
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Water and sanitation have both supported and constrained women's income generation; women have engaged in job opportunities like water vending, meter reading and water tank cleaning, water management, water filter and toilet pan selling, and rainwater harvesting container construction, as well as water-dependent income-generating activities and sanitation-related activities.
“Water and sanitation have both supported and constrained women's income generation.Specifically, women have engaged in job opportunities, like water vending, [89] meter reading and water tank cleaning, [56] water management, [30,121] water filter and toilet pan selling, [66] and rainwater harvesting container construction [121,161].They have also engaged in water-dependent income-generating”
From Water, sanitation, and women’s empowerment: A systematic review and qualitative metasynthesis (2022) · cites this paper as [121]
Women leveraged social support to assume public roles, including taking public water management roles, disseminating WASH knowledge as community facilitators, becoming masons and water technicians, establishing water enterprises, participating in WASH activities and operating WASH businesses, attending trainings on cistern building, and gaining water user association membership.
“Women leveraged social support to assume public roles.Women needed or sought family support to take public water management roles (Vietnam [97]), disseminate water and sanitation knowledge as community facilitators (Costa Rica [63]), become masons and water technicians (Nepal [121]), establish water enterprises (Cambodia [30]), participate in WASH activities and operate WASH businesses (Indonesia”
From Water, sanitation, and women’s empowerment: A systematic review and qualitative metasynthesis (2022) · cites this paper as [121]
Women expended great amounts of time meeting sanitation needs and fulfilling sanitation-related responsibilities, including long walks to sanitation sites when lacking private home toilets, waiting in long toilet queues, going for sanitation in early morning or late at night to avoid queues or ensure privacy, or open defecating rather than walking to and queuing at latrines.
“Women expended great amounts of time meeting sanitation needs and fulfilling sanitationrelated responsibilities [64, 66, 121, 122, 125, 127, 128, 132, 133, 135, 138, 141, 168, 173, 174, 182, 184, 185, 187, 189,190,195,219,226,228,236,239,240,248,250,256,265].Women in India, [125,195] Kenya, [256] and South Africa [265] reported long walks to sanitation sites when they lacked private home toilets,”
From Water, sanitation, and women’s empowerment: A systematic review and qualitative metasynthesis (2022) · cites this paper as [121]
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Water, sanitation, and women’s empowerment: A systematic review and qualitative metasynthesis
Caruso, B. A., Conrad, A., Patrick, M., Owens, A., Kviten, K., Zarella, O., Rogers, H., & Sinharoy, S. S. (2022) · PLOS Water · doi:10.1371/journal.pwat.0000026 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
- Authors
- Rautanen, S.-L., & Baaniya, U.
- Affiliations
- Tampere University of Technology (FI)
- Corresponding author
- Rautanen, Sanna-Leena
- Venue
- Water International
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2008-05-21
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 202-213
- ISSN
- 0250-8060 (ISSN-L)
- 1941-1707
- OpenAlex
- W1972877761
- Cited by
- 8
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 0.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Water International (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Academy of Finland
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Water Resource Management and Quality
- Social Sciences › Education › Gender, Education, and Development Issues
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender Studies and Social Issues
- Keywords
- rural water supply, sanitation, latrine construction, rainwater harvesting, women's training, gender and water, family support, socio-economic impacts, Nepal
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