Postnatal depression or perinatal dysphoria? Findings from a longitudinal community-based study using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale
Abstract
Postnatal depression is a label which will quickly be applied to any unhappywoman who has recently had a baby. However, both of these terms: postnatal and depression, place constraints on the ways that we think about and research this phenomenon that may not, in fact, be helpful. The term postnatal, for example, implies that we are considering a phenomenon that develops after the birth. As a result the majority of studies have only recruited subjects postnatally, and have therefore reinforced this assumption by failing to observe that some women were already unhappy before delivery. However, studies have shown that rates of depression in pregnancy are at least as high as those typically reported afterwards. Depression is a concept that forces us into dichotomies, whereas women who are not clinically depressed span a continuum from the euphoric to the very miserable. Pre- and postnatal scores on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) are presented from 1272 women. These show, firstly, that valuable data is wasted by dichotomizing on the basis of EPDS scores and, secondly, that the EPDS, while not a direct measure of depression, has face validity as a continuous measure of emotional well-being both antenatally and postnatally.
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The most commonly used measure was the EPDS; although validated for men, it combines depressive and anxiety symptoms.
“The most frequent measure utilized was the EPDS, which although validated for use in men, also conflates depressive and anxiety symptoms (Green, 1998;Stuart et al. 1998).”
From The effects of paternal depression on child and adolescent outcomes: A systematic review (2016) · cites this paper as Green, 1998
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Mothander, P. R., & Moe, R. G. (2010) · Nordic Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/08039480903528138 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Australian mental health reform for perinatal care
Austin, M., Middleton, P., & Highet, N. J. (2011) · The Medical Journal of Australia · doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.2011.tb03236.x · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Women's parenting expectations and their influence on adjustment to parenthood
Harwood, K. (2004) · UWA Profiles and Research Repository (UWA) · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Twin parenthood: the midwife's role – a randomised controlled trial
Carrick‐Sen, D., Steen, N., & Robson, S. C. (2014) · BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/1471-0528.12728 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Accueillir son bébé loin des siens
Ratcliff, B. G., Sharapova, A., Pereira, C., & Borel, F. (2016) · L Autre · doi:10.3917/lautr.049.0080 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Predictors of postnatal depression: using an antenatal needs assessment discussion tool
Ingram, J. C., & Taylor, J. (2007) · Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology · doi:10.1080/02646830701467272 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Paschall, K. W., Mastergeorge, A. M., & AYOUB, C. C. (2019) · Infant Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1002/imhj.21767 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
- Authors
- Green, J. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Leeds (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Green, Josephine M.
- Venue
- Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 1998-05
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 2-3
- Pages
- 143-155
- ISSN
- 0264-6838 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-672X
- OpenAlex
- W2015996143
- Cited by
- 135
- References
- 15
- Citations by year
- 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 6.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Maternal and Perinatal Health Interventions
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Maternal and Neonatal Healthcare
- Keywords
- postpartum depression, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, antenatal depression, emotional well-being, face validity
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