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Assessing human exposure to phthalic acid and phthalate esters from mineral water stored in polyethylene terephthalate and glass bottles
Open accessAbstract
Phthalic acid and phthalate esters are of growing interest due to their significant usage and potential toxicity. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and glass are both widely used materials for bottled drinking water. In this study, phthalic acid (PhA), bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), diisobutyl phthalate (DiisoBP) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) were analysed in a large number of Italian bottled water samples. These samples showed different concentrations of phthalates are nearly 20 times higher in samples bottled in PET than those from glass bottles with total levels of phthalates of 3.52 and 0.19 microg l(-1), respectively. However, the observed levels do not represent a significant exposure pathway when considering the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) reference dose (an estimate of a daily oral exposure to the human population, including sensitive subgroups, that is likely to be without an appreciable risk of deleterious effects during a lifetime). In addition, no significant correlation was found between the phthalate concentrations and the physicochemical properties of the different water samples, apart from the still/sparkling water parameter for the PET samples. In this instance, slightly higher concentrations were observed for the PET bottled still water samples than for the sparkling water samples, although no explanation has been found yet.
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Gray, L. E. (2000) · Toxicological Sciences · doi:10.1093/toxsci/58.2.350 · Cited by 1,084
Cited by
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Microplastics in house dust from 12 countries and associated human exposure
Zhang, J., Wang, L., & Kannan, K. (2020) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105314 · Cited by 348
Wagner, M., & Oehlmann, J. (2009) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-009-0107-7 · Cited by 343
Akhbarizadeh, R., Dobaradaran, S., Schmidt, T. C., Nabipour, I., & Spitz, J. (2020) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122271 · Cited by 271
Occurrence of Microplastics in Tap and Bottled Water: Current Knowledge
Gambino, I., Bagordo, F., Grassi, T., Panico, A., & De Donno, A. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19095283 · Cited by 213
Metadata
- Authors
- Montuori, P., Jover, E., Morgantini, M., Bayona, J. M., & Triassi, M.
- Venue
- Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2008-04
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 511-518
- ISSN
- 1944-0049 (ISSN-L)
- 1944-0057
- OpenAlex
- W2007356653
- Cited by
- 179
- References
- 1
- FWCI
- 4.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
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- Montuori, P., Jover, E., Morgantini, M., Bayona, J. M., & Triassi, M. (2008). Assessing human exposure to phthalic acid and phthalate esters from mineral water stored in polyethylene terephthalate and glass bottles. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A. https://doi.org/10.1080/02652030701551800
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