Team members’ emotional displays as indicators of team functioning
Open accessAbstract
Emotions are inherent to team life, yet it is unclear how observers use team members' emotional expressions to make sense of team processes. Drawing on Emotions as Social Information theory, we propose that observers use team members' emotional displays as a source of information to predict the team's trajectory. We argue and show that displays of sadness elicit more pessimistic inferences regarding team dynamics (e.g., trust, satisfaction, team effectiveness, conflict) compared to displays of happiness. Moreover, we find that this effect is strengthened when the future interaction between the team members is more ambiguous (i.e., under ethnic dissimilarity; Study 1) and when emotional displays can be clearly linked to the team members' collective experience (Study 2). These studies shed light on when and how people use others' emotional expressions to form impressions of teams.
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Emotional expressions triggered stronger inferences when there was greater ambiguity surrounding the future trajectory of the team and when the emotional expressions were more likely to reflect team processes rather than dispositional tendencies toward positive or negative affectivity.
“emotional expressions triggered stronger inferences when there was greater ambiguity surrounding the future trajectory of the team and when the emotional expressions were more likely to reflect team processes rather than dispositional tendencies toward positive or negative affectivity (Homan et al. 2016).”
From The Social Effects of Emotions (2022) · cites this paper as Homan et al. 2016
Observers anticipated more cooperative interactions, higher satisfaction, greater interpersonal liking and trust, and less conflict when two team members expressed happiness through facial displays than when they expressed sadness.
“In one study, observers anticipated more cooperative interactions, higher satisfaction, greater interpersonal liking and trust, and less conflict when two team members expressed happiness through facial displays than when they expressed sadness (Homan et al. 2016).”
From The Social Effects of Emotions (2022) · cites this paper as Homan et al. 2016
Leaders could detect less friendly communication, discomfort, and heated emotional arguments in teams that experience intergroup bias.
“In addition to observing these nonverbal processes, leaders could detect less friendly communication, discomfort, and heated emotional arguments in teams that experience intergroup bias (Dovidio et al., 2002;Homan, Van Kleef, & Sanchez-Burks, 2016;King & Ahmad, 2010;Thatcher, Jehn, & Zanutto, 2003;Zellmer-Bruhn, Maloney, Bhappu, & Salvador, 2008).”
From Leading diversity: Towards a theory of functional leadership in diverse teams. (2020) · cites this paper as Homan, Van Kleef, & Sanchez-Burks, 2016
Cites
On the bipolarity of positive and negative affect.
Russell, J. A., & Carroll, J. M. (1999) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.125.1.3 · Cited by 1,481 · see citing works
Social Appraisal: The Social World as Object of and Influence on Appraisal Processes
Manstead, A. S. R., & Fischer, A. H. (2001) · Appraisal Processes in Emotion · doi:10.1093/oso/9780195130072.003.0012 · Cited by 340 · see citing works
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The Social Effects of Emotions
van Kleef, G. A., & Côté, S. (2022) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-020821-010855 · Cited by 458 · see citing works
Self-citationLeading diversity: Towards a theory of functional leadership in diverse teams.
Homan, A. C., Gündemir, S., Buengeler, C., & van Kleef, G. A. (2020) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/apl0000482 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Self-citationEmotional influence in groups: the dynamic nexus of affect, cognition, and behavior
van Kleef, G. A., Heerdink, M. W., & Homan, A. C. (2017) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.07.017 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Self-citationKatzir, M., Hoffmann, M., & Liberman, N. (2019) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/emo0000480 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Quansah, F., Srem-Sai, M., Agormedah, E. K., Quansah, N., Tannoubi, A., Hagan, J. E., & Schack, T. (2026) · International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1080/1612197x.2024.2443634 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
- Authors
- Homan, A. C., Van Kleef, G. A., & Sanchez-Burks, J.
- Affiliations
- University of Amsterdam (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Homan, Astrid C.
- ORCID
- Homan, Astrid C.
- Venue
- Cognition and Emotion
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2015-05-26
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 134-149
- ISSN
- 0269-9931 (ISSN-L)
- 1464-0600
- OpenAlex
- W2138018751
- Cited by
- 31
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 6.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- dare.uva.nl
- Licence
- other-oa
- Locations
- Cognition & Emotion (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Team Dynamics and Performance
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Emotions and Moral Behavior
- Keywords
- emotional display, team functioning, emotions as social information, sadness, happiness, team dynamics, trust, team satisfaction, team effectiveness, conflict, impression formation
- MeSH terms
- Emotions, Female, Group Processes, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Social Behavior, Young Adult
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