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Cited by 173Physical Activity and HealthChildren's Physical and Motor DevelopmentSchool Health and Nursing Education

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Acute Effects of Classroom Exercise Breaks on Executive Function and Math Performance: A Dose–Response Study

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Howie, Erin K., Schatz, Jeffrey, Pate, Russell R.·2015·Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport
DOI 10.1080/02701367.2015.1039892
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Abstract

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the acute dose-response relationship of classroom exercise breaks with executive function and math performance in 9- to 12-year-old children by comparing 5-min, 10-min, or 20-min classroom exercise breaks to 10 min of sedentary classroom activity. METHOD: This study used a within-subjects experimental design conducted in the spring of 2012. Ninety-six 4th- and 5th-grade students in 5 classrooms in South Carolina were randomized to receive each of 4 treatments: 5-min, 10-min, or 20-min exercise breaks or 10 min of a sedentary lesson led by research staff. Students completed the Trail-Making Test, an Operational Digit Recall test, and a math fluency test immediately before and after each condition. Planned linear contrasts were used to compare posttest scores between conditions using a repeated-measures mixed model, adjusted for gender, classroom, and the time-varying pretest scores. Potential effect modifiers were added as interaction terms. RESULTS: Math scores were higher after the 10-min and 20-min exercise breaks compared with the sedentary condition (d = 0.24, p = .04, and d = 0.27, p = .02, respectively), and an interaction was observed with gender, IQ, aerobic fitness, and lower engagement in some of the conditions. There were no improvements in executive function tasks. CONCLUSIONS: A 10-min and 20-min classroom exercise break moderately improved math performance in students compared with a seated classroom lesson.

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Research works printed but not linked: 7

  1. 10.1016/j.nuelet.2008.06.024 · DOI
  2. Conners, C. K. (2008). Conners (3rd ed.). Toronto, ON, Canada: Multi-Health Systems.
  3. Eaton D. K., 2010, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report Surveillance Summaries, 59, 1
  4. Kaufman, A. S. & Kaufman, N. L. (2004). Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test (2nd ed.). Pines, MN: AGS Publishing.
  5. Maeda J. K., 2003, Brock Education, 13, 14
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  7. U.S. Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Center, 2003, Children's BMI-percentile-for-age calculator

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Metadata

Authors
Howie, E. K., Schatz, J., & Pate, R. R.
Affiliations
University of South Carolina (US)
Corresponding author
Howie, Erin K.
ORCID
Venue
Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport
Publisher
Informa UK Limited
Published
2015-05-26
Volume
86
Issue
3
Pages
217-224
ISSN
  • 0034-5377 (ISSN-L)
  • 0270-1367
  • 2168-3824
DOI
10.1080/02701367.2015.1039892
OpenAlex
W1901553978
Cited by
173
References
34
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 2
FWCI
9.10
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • eSpace (Curtin University) (submittedVersion)
Funders
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Children's Physical and Motor Development
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › School Health and Nursing Education
Keywords
acute exercise, executive function, mathematics achievement, mathematical fluency, dose-response relationship, sedentary behavior, children, elementary school students, cardiorespiratory fitness, gender differences, Trail Making Test, digit recall
MeSH terms
Child, Educational Status, Female, Humans, Intelligence, Male, Mathematics, Physical Fitness, Sex Factors, Time Factors, Exercise, Body Mass Index, Executive Function

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