Mixing compatible and incompatible mappings: elimination, reduction, and enhancement of spatial compatibility effects
Abstract
In two-choice tasks, the compatible mapping of left stimulus to left response and right stimulus to right response typically yields better performance than does the incompatible mapping. Nonetheless, when compatible and incompatible mappings are mixed within a block of trials, the spatial compatibility effect is eliminated. Two experiments evaluated whether the elimination of compatibility effects by mixing compatible and incompatible mappings is a general or specific phenomenon. Left-right physical locations, arrow directions, and location words were mapped to keypress responses in Experiment 1 and vocal responses in Experiment 2. With keypresses, mixing compatible and incompatible mappings eliminated the compatibility effect for physical locations and arrow directions, but enhanced it for words. With vocal responses, mixing significantly reduced the compatibility effect only for words. Overall, the mixing effects suggest that elimination or reduction of compatibility effects occurs primarily when the stimulus-response sets have both conceptual and perceptual similarity. This elimination may be due to suppression of a direct response-selection route, but to account for the full pattern of mixing effects it is also necessary to consider changes in an indirect response-selection route and the temporal activation properties of different stimulus-response sets.
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Preparatory suppression manifests behaviorally as reduced compatibility effects in unknown mapping trials.
“This preparatory suppression manifests behaviorally as reduced compatibility effects in the unknown mapping trials: the compatible response no longer benefits from automatic response activation making compatible and incompatible reaction times similar.”
From To imitate or not: Avoiding imitation involves preparatory inhibition of motor resonance (2014) · cites this paper as Vu and Proctor, 2004
Suppression occurs in preparation for incompatible responses.
“In particular, suppression occurs in preparation for incompatible responses (when the stimulus-compatible response is incorrect) and in preparation for trials in which the required stimulus-response mapping is unknown in advance of the stimulus (when the stimulus-compatible response is incorrect half the time).”
From To imitate or not: Avoiding imitation involves preparatory inhibition of motor resonance (2014) · cites this paper as Vu and Proctor, 2004
Automatic activation of a stimulus-compatible response can be strategically suppressed when it is likely to interfere with task goals.
“Some cognitive models of SRC suggest that it is possible to strategically suppress the automatic activation of a stimulus-compatible response when this response is likely to interfere with task goals (Shaffer, 1965; De Jong, 1995; Vu and Proctor, 2004).”
From To imitate or not: Avoiding imitation involves preparatory inhibition of motor resonance (2014) · cites this paper as Vu and Proctor, 2004
Suppression occurs in preparation for trials in which the required stimulus-response mapping is unknown in advance.
“In particular, suppression occurs in preparation for incompatible responses (when the stimulus-compatible response is incorrect) and in preparation for trials in which the required stimulus-response mapping is unknown in advance of the stimulus (when the stimulus-compatible response is incorrect half the time).”
From To imitate or not: Avoiding imitation involves preparatory inhibition of motor resonance (2014) · cites this paper as Vu and Proctor, 2004
According to cognitive models of S-R compatibility, an automatic response can be inhibited if it is likely to conflict with task goals.
“Cognitive models of stimulus-response compatibility suggest that although stimuli often activate a compatible response, this “automatic” response activation can be suppressed when it is likely to interfere with task goals (Shaffer, 1965; De Jong, 1995; Vu and Proctor, 2004).”
From To imitate or not: Avoiding imitation involves preparatory inhibition of motor resonance (2014) · cites this paper as Vu and Proctor, 2004
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- Authors
- Vu, K.-P. L., & Proctor, R. W.
- Affiliations
- Purdue University West Lafayette (US)
- Venue
- The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2004-04
- Volume
- 57
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 539-556
- ISSN
- 0272-4987 (ISSN-L)
- 1464-0740
- OpenAlex
- W1988755961
- Cited by
- 67
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 1 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 2.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Free Will and Agency
- Keywords
- stimulus-response compatibility, response selection, keypress response, vocal responses
- MeSH terms
- Choice Behavior, Conditioning, Classical, Humans, Functional Laterality, Random Allocation, Reaction Time, Space Perception
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