Survival of Airborne Microorganisms During Swirling Aerosol Collection
Open accessAbstract
An earlier study evaluated the physical performance of the Swirling Aerosol Collector, also known as the ''BioSampler,'' and found it to have several advantages over the widely used AGI-30 impinger when tested with inert test particles. The present study was focused on the physical and biological performance with laboratory-aerosolized micro-organisms. The results showed that the BioSampler has better physical collection efficiency for B. subtilis and P. fluorescens than the AGI-30 when water was used as the collection fluid and the sampling flow rate ranged from 8.5 L min-1 to the standard 12.5 L min-1. Additionally, the BioSampler provided equivalent or better microbial recovery for the 2 species than the AGI-30 did. The swirling motion of the collection liquid in the BioSampler generates very few bubbles and therefore causes minimal reen trainment of already collected micro-organisms. In contrast to the AGI-30, the BioSampler can be used very effectively with nonevaporating liquids, such as mineral oil or glycerol. Mineral oil was found to be a suitable collection fluid for culture analysis, whereas glycerol can be used only for nonculture assays, such as the polymerase chain reaction. By using a more viscous, nonevaporating fluid, the BioSampler can be used for long-term sampling of low airborne bacterial concentrations, while the AGI-30 impinger, filled with a standard evaporating fluid, can only be used for up to about 30 min.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Endospore-forming gram-positive rods and cocci,
Sneath, P. H. A. (1986) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 534 · see citing works
Improved Aerosol Collection by Combined Impaction and Centrifugal Motion
Willeke, K., Lin, X., & Grinshpun, S. A. (1998) · Aerosol Science and Technology · doi:10.1080/02786829808965536 · Cited by 255 · see citing works
Self-citationEffect of impact stress on microbial recovery on an agar surface
Stewart, S. L., Grinshpun, S. A., Willeke, K., Terzieva, S. I., Ulevičius, V., & Donnelly, J. (1995) · Applied and Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1128/aem.61.4.1232-1239.1995 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Self-citationTerzieva, S., Donnelly, J., Ulevicius, V, Grinshpun, S. A., Willeke, K., Stelma, G. N., & Brenner, K. P. (1996) · Applied and Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1128/aem.62.7.2264-2272.1996 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
Self-citationEffect of aerosolization on culturability and viability of gram-negative bacteria
Heidelberg, J. F., Shahamat, M., Levin, M. A., et al. (1997) · Applied and Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1128/aem.63.9.3585-3588.1997 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
PCR for bioaerosol monitoring: sensitivity and environmental interference
Alvarez, A. J., Buttner, M. P., & Stetzenbach, L. D. (1995) · Applied and Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1128/aem.61.10.3639-3644.1995 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Collection of Airborne Microorganisms by Electrostatic Precipitation
Mainelis, G. (1999) · Aerosol Science and Technology · doi:10.1080/027868299304732 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Long-term sampling of airborne bacteria and fungi into a non-evaporating liquid
Lin, X., Reponen, T. A., Willeke, K., Grinshpun, S. A., Foarde, K. K., & Ensor, D. (1999) · Atmospheric Environment · doi:10.1016/s1352-2310(99)00169-7 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Self-citationUse of solid-phase PCR for enhanced detection of airborne microorganisms
Alvarez, A. J., Buttner, M. P., Toranzos, G. A., et al. (1994) · Applied and Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1128/aem.60.1.374-376.1994 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Techniques for Dispersion of Microorganisms into Air
Reponen, T. A., Willeke, K., Ulevičius, V., Grinshpun, S. A., & Donnelly, J. (1997) · Aerosol Science and Technology · doi:10.1080/02786829708965481 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Self-citationInlet characteristics of bioaerosol samplers
Grinshpun, S. A., Chang, C., Nevalainen, A. I., & Willeke, K. (1994) · Journal of Aerosol Science · doi:10.1016/0021-8502(94)90221-6 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Self-citationAerosolization of Particles from a Bubbling Liquid: Characteristics and Generator Development
Ulevičius, V., Willeke, K., Grinshpun, S. A., Donnelly, J., Lin, X., & Mainelis, G. (1997) · Aerosol Science and Technology · doi:10.1080/02786829708965423 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 5
- [4]4. Buttner, M. P., Willeke, K., and Grinshpun, S. ( ) A. 1997 . Sampling and Analysis of Airborne Microorganisms. In Manual of Environmental Microbiology, edited by C. J. Hurst. ASM Press, Washington, DC, pp. 629] 640.
- [6]6. CRC 1996 . Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, edited by D. R. Lide. CRC Press, pp. 6- 245 ] 6-249.
- [12]12. Macher, J. M., Chatigny, M. A., and Burge, H. ( ) A. 1995 . Sampling Airborne Microorganisms and Aeroallergens. In Air Sampling Instru- ments-for Evaluation of Atmospheric Contam i- nants, edited by B. S. Cohen and S. V. Hering. ACGIH, Cincinnati, OH, pp. 279] 321.
- [15]15. Marple, V. A., and Rubow, K. L. 1980 . Gener- ation of Aerosols: Basic Concepts. In Genera- tion of Aerosols and Facilities for Exposure Experiments, edited by K. Willeke. Ann Arbor Science Publishers Inc., Ann Arbor, MI, pp. 3]
- [16]16. Neidhardt, F. C., Ingraham, J. L., and ( ) Schaechter, M. 1990 . Physiology of the Bacte- rial Cell: A Molecular Approach, Sinauer As- sociates, Inc., Sunderland, England, pp. 27]
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Hogan, C. J., Kettleson, E. M., Lee, M.-H., Ramaswami, B., Angenent, L. T., & Biswas, P. (2005) · Journal of Applied Microbiology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.2005.02720.x · Cited by 223 · see citing works
Lore, M. B., Sebastian, J. M., Brown, T. L., Viner, A. S., McCullough, N. V., & Hinrichs, S. H. (2012) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene · doi:10.1080/15459624.2011.640273 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
- Authors
- Lin, X., Reponen, T., Willeke, K., Wang, Z., Grinshpun, S. A., & Trunov, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Cincinnati (US)
- Venue
- Aerosol Science and Technology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2000-03
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 184-196
- ISSN
- 0278-6826 (ISSN-L)
- 1521-7388
- OpenAlex
- W2148568577
- Cited by
- 163
- References
- 12
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 3.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Aerosol Science and Technology (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Cincinnati
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Indoor Air Quality and Microbial Exposure
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Aerosol Filtration and Electrostatic Precipitation
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Computational Mechanics › Cyclone Separators and Fluid Dynamics
- Keywords
- airborne microorganisms, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, mineral oil, glycerol, sampling flow rate
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
