The DOI matches its Crossref record; 25 of the 25 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Historical Trauma Response Among Natives and Its Relationship with Substance Abuse: A Lakota Illustration
Abstract
Historical trauma (HT) is cumulative emotional and psychological wounding over the lifespan and across generations, emanating from massive group trauma experiences; the historical trauma response (HTR) is the constellation of features in reaction to this trauma. The HTR often includes depression, self-destructive behavior, suicidal thoughts and gestures, anxiety, low self-esteem, anger, and difficulty recognizing and expressing emotions. It may include substance abuse, often an attempt to avoid painful feelings through self-medication. Historical unresolved grief is the associated affect that accompanies HTR; this grief may be considered fixated, impaired, delayed, and/or disenfranchised. This article will explain HT theory and the HTR, delineate the features of the HTR and its grounding in the literature, offer specific Native examples of HT and HTR, and will suggest ways to incorporate HT theory in treatment, research and evaluation. The article will conclude with implications for all massively traumatized populations.
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“Extensive research has highlighted several mechanisms through which intergenerational trauma transmission may affect health disparities including impaired parenting and parental modeling of maladaptive post-traumatic behavioral patterns (Auerhahn and Laub, 1998; Brave Heart, 2003; Krieg, 2009), secondary traumatization through transmission of trauma narratives to offspring (Brave Heart et al., 201”
From Cultural trauma as a fundamental cause of health disparities (2022) · cites this paper as Brave Heart, 2003
In the citing paper
“Family bonds, healthy parenting role models, consistent socialization, the provision of extended family’s love and affection, and cultural teachings were virtually eliminated with AIANs’ removal from their lands and social networks [17,54,100,101].”
From Substance and Behavioral Addictions among American Indian and Alaska Native Populations (2022) · cites this paper as [17]
In the citing paper
“Historical trauma has been identified as a prominent source of health disparity (Gone et al., 2019 for a review), and has been used as a lens to contextualize rates of drug and alcohol use disorder in Indigenous populations (Brave Heart, 2003).”
From Culturally tailored substance use interventions for Indigenous people of North America: a systematic review (2023) · cites this paper as Brave Heart, 2003
In the citing paper
“The prevalence of Indigenous SUD stems in large part from the intergenerational experiences of colonialism, namely, though historical trauma.”
From Culturally tailored substance use interventions for Indigenous people of North America: a systematic review (2023) · cites this paper as Brave Heart, 2003
In the citing paper
“and these experiences largely set the context for substance use (Brave Heart, 2003).”
From Culturally tailored substance use interventions for Indigenous people of North America: a systematic review (2023) · cites this paper as Brave Heart, 2003
Citations
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Discrimination and racial disparities in health: evidence and needed research
Williams, D. R., & Mohammed, S. A. (2009) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10865-008-9185-0 · Cited by 3,371
Brave Heart, M. Y. H., Chase, J., Elkins, J., & Altschul, D. B. (2011) · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs · doi:10.1080/02791072.2011.628913 · Cited by 825
Self-citationKirmayer, L. J., Gone, J. P., & Moses, J. (2014) · Transcultural Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/1363461514536358 · Cited by 652
Colonisation, racism and indigenous health
Paradies, Y. (2016) · Journal of Population Research · doi:10.1007/s12546-016-9159-y · Cited by 602
Gone, J. P. (2013) · Transcultural Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/1363461513487669 · Cited by 533
Metadata
- Authors
- Heart, M. Y. H. B.
- Affiliations
- University of Denver (US)
- Corresponding author
- Heart, Maria Yellow Horse Brave
- Venue
- Journal of Psychoactive Drugs
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2003-03
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 7-13
- ISSN
- 0279-1072 (ISSN-L)
- 2159-9777
- OpenAlex
- W2018063740
- Cited by
- 932
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2026: 89 · 2025: 75 · 2024: 48 · 2023: 61 · 2022: 64 · 2021: 85 · 2020: 74 · 2019: 65 · 2018: 42 · 2017: 35 · 2016: 41 · 2015: 52 · 2014: 33 · 2013: 38 · 2012: 29
- FWCI
- 5.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Psychoactive Drugs (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Health › Indigenous Health, Education, and Rights
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Racial and Ethnic Identity Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Keywords
- historical trauma, substance abuse, Lakota, Native Americans, self-medication, unresolved grief, disenfranchised grief, intergenerational trauma, depression, suicidal ideation, trauma-informed care
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Alcoholism, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Grief, Humans, Indians, North American, Male, Middle Aged, Self Medication, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Transfer, Psychology, United States, Treatment Outcome, Intergenerational Relations, Secondary Prevention
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