The DOI matches its Crossref record; 16 of the 16 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
National Normative and Reliability Data for the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale
Abstract
To develop normative data for the revision of the Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale (RCMAS), the scale was administered to 4,972 children from 13 states and more than 80 school districts representing all geographic regions of the United States. The children ranged in age from 6 years to 19 years. Norms are reported for white males, white females, black males, and black females separately at each age level for the total Anxiety Scale, three subscales of anxiety, and a Lie Scale. A multivariate analysis of variance demonstrated performance on the RCMAS to be a complex function of these factors. Coefficient alpha reliability estimates were also determined for each group at each age level and compared across groups. Reliability was satisfactory for all groups except black females below age 12 years. Caution was recommended in the use of the scale with this age group and potential uses of the scale discussed.
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“The RCMAS has good construct validity and adequate reliability (Reynolds, 1980; Reynolds & Paget, 1983)”
From Prospective Relations between Family Conflict and Adolescent Maladjustment: Security in the Family System as a Mediating Process (2015) · cites this paper as Reynolds & Paget, 1983
Citations
Cites
The Handbook of School Psychology
Reynolds, C. R., & Gutkin, T. B. (1982) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,864
Self-citationWhat i think and feel: A revised measure of children's manifest anxiety
Reynolds, C. R., & Richmond, B. O. (1978) · Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology · doi:10.1007/bf00919131 · Cited by 1,741
Self-citationTHE CHILDREN'S FORM OF THE MANIFEST ANXIETY SCALE
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Self-citationAnxiety and strength of the UCS as determiners of the amount of eyelid conditioning.
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Self-citationConcurrent validity of What I Think and Feel: The Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale.
Reynolds, C. R. (1980) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.48.6.774 · Cited by 205
Self-citationReynolds, C. R., & Paget, K. D. (1981) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.49.3.352 · Cited by 192
Self-citation
Research works printed but not linked: 7
- Reynolds C. R., 1982, Convergent and divergent validity of What I Think and Feel: The Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale. Paper presented to the annual meeting
- Reynolds C. R., 1981, Test bias: In God we trust, all others must have data. Invited address to the annual meeting
- Reynolds C. R., 1980, Patterns of intellectual ability among blacks and whites matched on g. Paper presented to the annual meeting
- Paget K. D., 1982, Use of the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale with learning disabled children. Paper presented to the annual meeting
- Pela O. A., 1980, Nigerian Journal of Educational Research, 1, 29
- Reynolds C. R., 1981, Neuropsychological assessment of the school age child: Issues and procedures.
- Reynolds C. R., 1982, The handbook of school psychology.
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Items 201–275 of 275
Initial Development of the Pediatric Camp Outcome Measure
Simons, L. E., Gilleland, J., McDanel, A. H., Blount, R. L., & Campbell, R. (2008) · Children s Health Care · doi:10.1080/02739610802006593 · Cited by 12
“Reliability and validity are well-established for this popular measure (Reynolds & Paget, 1983).”
BackgroundMartin, C. P., Peisch, V. D., Shoulberg, E. K., Kaiser, N. M., & Hoza, B. (2019) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.13024 · Cited by 12
Faust, J., & Forehand, R. (1994) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/0887-6185(94)90012-4 · Cited by 12
Lu, A. S., Green, M. C., & Alon, D. (2023) · Journal of Communications · doi:10.1093/joc/jqad030 · Cited by 15
“The 9-item Social Desirability scale controlled potential demand characteristics and response bias for participants’ self-reports (Reynolds & Paget, 1983).”
MethodRollings, S., King, N. J., Tonge, B. J., Heyne, D. A., & Young, D. (1998) · Behaviour Change · doi:10.1017/s081348390000320x · Cited by 10
Lee, D. H., & Shin, H. (2021) · School Psychology International · doi:10.1177/0143034320988152 · Cited by 12
“The instrument is one of the most widely used for assessing childhood anxiety and has been demonstrated to be reliable across different gender and racial groups (Reynolds & Paget, 1983) in children aged 7-17.”
MethodBouvard, M. A., Roulin, J., & Denis, A. (2013) · Psychologica Belgica · doi:10.5334/pb-53-2-3 · Cited by 11
“It is a widely used questionnaire with three anxiety-related sub-factors: physiological manifestations of anxiety, worry and oversensitivity, and problems with fear/concentration (Reynolds & Paget, 1983).”
Reynolds, C. R., Plake, B. S., & Harding, R. E. (1983) · Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment · doi:10.1177/073428298300100102 · Cited by 11
Self-citationMonitoring and Internalizing Symptoms Among Youths With Cystic Fibrosis
Bennett, D., Snooks, Q., Llera, S. J., Vogel, K., Conklin, D., & Varlotta, L. (2008) · Children s Health Care · doi:10.1080/02739610802437426 · Cited by 13
“…distress at older ages in a sample of adolescents trait anxiety with age is consistent, however, with that of a large community sample of youths (Reynolds & Paget, 1983), and may reflect that the older adolescents in our sample do not have some of the heightened concerns regarding employment…”
ResultRelationship of the Parenting Styles of Overstressed Mothers with the Anxiety of their Children
Ajilchi, B., Kargar, F. R., & Ghoreishi, M. K. (2013) · Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.302 · Cited by 13
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Pavuluri, M. N., Henry, D. B., & Allen, K. S. (2002) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-002-0293-z · Cited by 9
“High internal consistency and test-retest reliability have been reported for the RCMAS (Reynolds & Paget 1983).”
BackgroundDiet Assessment in Children and Adolescents
Sherwood, N. E. (2008) · Issues in clinical child psychology · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-76924-0_6 · Cited by 9
Sherrill-Mittleman, D. A., Klesges, L. M., Lanctot, J. Q., et al. (2008) · Health Education Research · doi:10.1093/her/cyn059 · Cited by 9
“66 for 8-, 9and 10-year-olds, respectively [24].”
MethodInfluentialAssessment Practices and Issues with School-refusing Children
Ollendick, T. H., & King, N. J. (1998) · Behaviour Change · doi:10.1017/s0813483900005878 · Cited by 9
“The RCMAS is suitable for children and adolescents between 6 and 18 years of age; normative information for a variety of child groups from diverse cultures is available (C.R. Reynolds & Paget, 1983; Richmond & Millar, 1984; Richmond, Sekume, Ohmoto, Kawamoto, & Hamazaki, 1984).”
MethodEnergy Underreporting in African-American Girls: A Longitudinal Analysis
Hare, M. E., Sherrill-Mittleman, D. A., Klesges, R. C., Lanctot, J. Q., & Klesges, L. M. (2011) · Childhood Obesity · doi:10.1089/chi.2011.0117 · Cited by 10
“and show that 48% of the participants at baseline were underreporters, whereas 52% were plausible reporters. in this sample, the prevalence of dietary underreporting increased 61% at 12 months and 66% at 24 months ( p < 0.01).”
InfluentialMohammad, A., & Arabiat, D. H. (2011) · Cited by 8
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Personality differences between anxious and nonanxious children within a dimensional framework
Richman, H., Sallee, F. R., & Folley, P. (1996) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/0887-6185(95)00007-0 · Cited by 8
Self-Report Measures of Anxiety: A Cross-Cultural Investigation of Bias
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Lu, A. S., Green, M. C., Sousa, C. V., Hwang, J., Lee, I.-M. M., Thompson, D. I., & Baranowski, T. (2023) · Communication Research · doi:10.1177/00936502231166091 · Cited by 6
“A 9-item social desirability (SD) of response scale (Reynolds & Paget, 1983) was used to measure the perceived importance of social approval in children.”
BackgroundMethodParental Hostility: Impact on the Family
Allan, W. D., Kashani, J. H., & Reid, J. C. (1998) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1023/a:1022833810248 · Cited by 6
Kamholz, B. W., Freeman, J. B., D'Eramo, K. S., Overholser, J. C., & Spirito, A. (2003) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012657951-2/50005-4 · Cited by 6
Finch, A. J., Jr., Blount, R. L., Saylor, C. F., et al. (1988) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/pr0.1988.63.1.163 · Cited by 6
Wagner, J. A., & Ruggiero, L. (2004) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/pr0.94.2.371-380 · Cited by 6
Developing a Measure of Cyberbullying Perpetration and Victimization
Savage, M. W. (2012) · Cited by 6
Lu, A. S., Baranowski, T., Barreira, T. V., Fleischman, A., Green, M. C., Huang, S. Y., Lee, I.-M. M., Levitsky, L. L., Noubary, F., & Thompson, D. I. (2025) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-025-01756-1 · Cited by 4
“Additionally, a sensitivity analysis was conducted to control for baseline PA levels (Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children, PAQ-C) [59] and Children’s Social Desirability [60], which measures demand characteristics to mitigate reporting bias.”
Alon, D., Sousa, C., & Lu, A. S. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.653626 · Cited by 5
Alon, D., Sousa, C. V., Baranowski, T., Barreira, T. V., Cabrera-Perez, R., Chiu, K., Fernandez, A. M., Fleischman, A., Huang, S. H., Hwang, J., et al. (2020) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2020.106087 · Cited by 5
Self-Reported and Teachers' Rankings of Anxiety Among First-Grade Children
Argulewicz, E. N., & Miller, D. C. (1985) · School Psychology Review · doi:10.1080/02796015.1985.12085145 · Cited by 5
Woollett, N., Brahmbhatt, H., Dodd, K., Booth, M., Berman, H., & Cluver, L. D. (2017) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2017.04.021 · Cited by 4
“Anxiety was measured using an abbreviated version of the 28-item Revised Children’s Manifest Anxiety Scale (Reynolds & Paget, 1983), which has been validated for use in South Africa (Boyes & Cluver, 2012).”
MethodCallender, C. S., Liu, Y., Moore, C. E., & Thompson, D. (2017) · Preventive Medicine Reports · doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2017.05.011 · Cited by 4
“For the purpose of controlling potential bias in the self-report data, social desirability was also collected in a 9-item questionnaire (Dadds et al., 1998; Reynolds and Paget, 1983) with the response options yes or no.”
MethodAnderson, N. J., Rozenman, M. S., Pennington, B. F., Willcutt, E. G., & McGrath, L. M. (2022) · Journal of Learning Disabilities · doi:10.1177/00222194221098719 · Cited by 6
Goldner, J. S. (2009) · Loyola eCommons (Loyola University of Chicago) · Cited by 4
Yendork, J. S. (2014) · SUNScholar (Stellenbosch University) · Cited by 4
Miller, M., Steuber, E. R., & Mcguire, J. F. (2024) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.psc.2024.04.010 · Cited by 4
The relationship between the functions of school refusal behavior and family environment
Schafer, R. M. (2020) · Digital Scholarship - UNLV (University of Nevada Reno) · doi:10.34917/3310256 · Cited by 3
Long, P. J., Forehand, R., & Wierson, M. (1992) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/bf01321289 · Cited by 3
Argulewicz, E. N., & Miller, D. C. (1984) · Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment · doi:10.1177/073428298400200308 · Cited by 3
PILOT STUDY OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE FRIENDS- PROGRAMME IN A SOUTH AFRICAN SAMPLE
Mostert, J. (2007) · SUNScholar (Stellenbosch University) · Cited by 3
Klik, K. A., Utomo, M. C., Jones, B., Batalha, L., Tropp, L. R., & Reynolds, K. J. (2025) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/jasp.70005 · Cited by 3
Adjustment of Ghanaian Youth in Institutional Care Compared to Youth in Family Care
Wright, A. W., Yendork, J. S., & Kliewer, W. L. (2022) · Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal · doi:10.1007/s10560-022-00856-2 · Cited by 2
“Cronbach alpha values from 0.79 to 0.85 have been reported (Reynolds & Paget, 1983).”
InfluentialSchool climate, absenteeism, and psychopathology among truant youth
Hendron, M. (2020) · Digital Scholarship - UNLV (University of Nevada Reno) · doi:10.34917/5836110 · Cited by 2
Krain, A. L., Hudson, J. L., Coles, M. E., & Kendall, P. C. (2002) · Clinical Case Studies · doi:10.1177/153465002236505 · Cited by 2
“The RCMAS has been shown to possess good reliability and validity (Reynolds, 1982; Reynolds & Paget, 1983).”
MethodSchool refusal behavior: The relationship between functions and symptom sets
Hendron, M. (2020) · Digital Scholarship - UNLV (University of Nevada Reno) · doi:10.34917/2327179 · Cited by 2
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Youth with Asthma: Anxiety as an Example
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PILOT STUDY OF THE PHYSIOLOGICAL SUBSCALE OF THE REVISED CHILDREN'S MANIFEST ANXIETY SCALE
Lee, S. W., & Piersel, W. C. (1987) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/pr0.1987.60.3c.1299 · Cited by 2
Social Work Assessment of Separation Anxiety Disorder: A Review of Evidence-Based Approaches
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Optimism in child development: conceptual issues and methodological approaches.
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Larose, S., Duchesne, S., & Châteauvert, G. B. (2020) · Journal of College Student Retention Research Theory & Practice · doi:10.1177/1521025120953429 · Cited by 1
“We used the Worry-Oversensitivity subscale of the French version of the Revised Children’s Manifest Anxiety Scale (Reynolds & Paget, 1983; translated and validated by Turgeon & Chartrand, 2003).”
MethodThe Development and Validation of the Children's Hope Scale1
Snyder, C. R. R., Hoza, B., & Pelham, W. E. (1997) · Cited by 1
Smith, R. L. (2009) · doi:10.32469/10355/6542 · Cited by 1
“Past research has documented reliability coefficients for the scale ranging from .78 to .85 (Reynolds & Paget, 1983).”
BackgroundRomano, J. L. (2007) · Digital Commons - University of South Florida (University of South Florida) · Cited by 1
Reducing Academic Related Anxiety
Huberty, T. J. (1990) · Journal of Applied School Psychology · doi:10.1300/j008v05n03_14 · Cited by 3
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Myerson, N., King, N. J., Tonge, B. J., et al. (2000) · Behaviour Change · doi:10.1375/bech.17.1.37 · Cited by 1
“The R-CMAS also possesses good reliability and validity data (Reynolds & Paget, 1983) and provides a measure of the young person’s anxious symptomatology.”
The Effects Of Anxiety and Depression on Children's Utilization of Medical Health Care Services
Seligman, L. D. (1996) · VTechWorks (Virginia Tech) · Cited by 1
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Issues of Cultural Bias in the Assessment of Minority Handicapped Children
Reynolds, C. R. (1983) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-9298-0_10
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Maternal and child emotional regulation in paediatric chronic pain
Franks, S. (2006) · Research Bank (Australian Catholic University) · doi:10.4226/66/5a94b4b75e4be
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Children's cognitive responses to the symptoms of panic
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Implicit and Explicit Memory Bias among Adolescents with Symptoms of Anxiety.
Wilkerson, K., Laurent, J., Catanzaro, S. J., & McBride, D. M. (2005)
Worry in children : proposal and test of a cognitive model.
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Strauss, C. C. (1994) · Issues in clinical child psychology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-1498-9_10
Pilot Study of the Physiological Subscale of the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale
Lee, S. W., & Piersel, W. C. (1987) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.1177/0033294187060003-261.1
Courtney, D., Aitken, M., Wang, W., Chen, S., Wilkinson, P. O., Szatmári, P., & Goodyer, I. M. (2023) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1089/cap.2022.0078
“Aux-iliary variables included sex, score on the Risk Taking and Self-harm Inventory for Adolescents (Vrouva et al., 2010), the Revised Children’s Manifest Anxiety Scale (Reynolds and Paget, 1983), and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (Rosenberg, 1965) at all time points.”
Evaluation of Psychometric Properties of the Childhood Anxiety Sensitivity Index
falahi, S., Karimi, P., Gabalou, P. F., Yazdanbakhsh, K., & Karbalaie, M. (2023) · Quarterly Journal of Child Mental Health · doi:10.61186/jcmh.10.3.2
An expert system in school psychology for PMHP
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Metadata
- Authors
- Reynolds, C. R., & Paget, K. D.
- Affiliations
- Texas A&M University (US)
- University of South Carolina (US)
- ORCID
- Reynolds, Cecil R.
- Venue
- School Psychology Review
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 1983-09-01
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 324-336
- ISSN
- 0279-6015 (ISSN-L)
- 2372-966X
- OpenAlex
- W309459848
- Cited by
- 275
- References
- 15
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 4.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- School Psychology Review (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Psychological Testing and Assessment
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale, reference values, anxiety assessment, children, adolescents, racial differences, gender differences, age differences, scale reliability, lie scale
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