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Cited by 40Digital Mental Health InterventionsAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesPsychological Treatments and Assessments

Satisfaction with therapist-delivered vs. self-administered online cognitive behavioural treatments for depression symptoms in college students

Open access
Richards, Derek, Timulak, Ladislav·2013·British Journal of Guidance & Counselling
DOI 10.1080/03069885.2012.726347
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Abstract

Participants with symptoms of depression received either eight sessions of therapist-delivered email cognitive behaviour therapy (eCBT; n=37), or eight sessions of computerised CBT self-administered treatment (cCBT; n=43). At post-treatment participants completed a questionnaire to determine what they found satisfying about their online treatment. Quantitative and qualitative analysis was employed to report outcomes. A sample of 25 participants(eCBT n=10; cCBT n=15) completed the satisfaction questionnaire. Both groups were satisfied with accessing and using an online treatment and that they had self-control over their treatment. Perceived anonymity was important for the eCBT group. For the cCBT group they found the treatment user-friendly, engaging and also a source of learning. Both groups disliked that the online treatment could at times be complicated and impersonal.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1080/03069885.2012.726347

Cites

32 of 32 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Nothing to recompute.

Claims the paper makes

0 of 15 cited sources checked · 0 supported · 0 flagged

  • Findingown data

    Perceived anonymity was important for the eCBT group.

    “Perceived anonymity was important for the eCBT group.”
    • Also stated in: § Results · plain
      “the eCBT group identified anonymity as something most liked.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: The Satisfaction with Online Treatment (SAT) measure is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing satisfaction with online treatment.
  • Findingown data

    Both groups reported that the online treatment involved a lot of work.

    “Both groups reported that the treatment could be complicated and impersonal and involved a lot of work.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: The Satisfaction with Online Treatment (SAT) measure is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing satisfaction with online treatment.
  • Findingown data

    Both groups reported that the online treatment could be complicated and impersonal.

    “Both groups disliked that the online treatment could at times be complicated and impersonal.”
    • Also stated in: § Results · plain
      “Both groups reported that the treatment could be complicated and impersonal and involved a lot of work.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: The Satisfaction with Online Treatment (SAT) measure is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing satisfaction with online treatment.
  • Findingreasoning

    Participants who provided the data were not confident about any lasting effects that the treatment could have for them.

    “It seems that participants who provided the data were not confident about any lasting effects that the treatment could have for them.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: The Satisfaction with Online Treatment (SAT) measure is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing satisfaction with online treatment.
  • Findingown data

    The majority of participants in both groups found the online treatment helpful (eCBT: 90%; cCBT: 87%).

    “The majority of participants in both groups (eCBT: 90%; cCBT: 87%) found the online treatment helpful.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: The Satisfaction with Online Treatment (SAT) measure is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing satisfaction with online treatment.
  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. 37
  • May combine two claims. 28

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingown data

    There was a non-significant trend for the cCBT group to feel the treatment would have lasting effects more than the eCBT group.

    “However, Cramer's V statistic showed a non-significant trend for the cCBT group that they found the treatment easy to use and that they felt the treatment would have lasting effects, more so than eCBT.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: The Satisfaction with Online Treatment (SAT) measure is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing satisfaction with online treatment.

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    The cCBT group found the treatment user-friendly and engaging.

    “For the cCBT group they found the treatment user-friendly, engaging and also a source of learning.”
    • Also stated in: § Results · plain
      “The cCBT group reported that the treatment was engaging and userfriendly; these were less so for the eCBT group.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: The Satisfaction with Online Treatment (SAT) measure is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing satisfaction with online treatment.

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    The results from the satisfaction measure demonstrate broadly that participants in both delivery modes, who provided the data, were satisfied with the treatment and found it helpful.

    “The results from the satisfaction measure are encouraging and demonstrate broadly that participants in both delivery modes, who provided the data, were satisfied with the treatment and found it to be helpful for them.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: The Satisfaction with Online Treatment (SAT) measure is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing satisfaction with online treatment.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingown data

    The eCBT group reported that a lack of deadlines was something they least liked.

    “The eCBT group reported that something they least liked was the lack of deadlines.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: The Satisfaction with Online Treatment (SAT) measure is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing satisfaction with online treatment.

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    The groups did not differ on baseline or post-treatment depression scores.

    “The groups did not differ on baseline or post-treatment depression scores.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingown data

    The form allowed a level of distance and perceived anonymity that was seen as important.

    “This is perhaps related to a perceived benefit of the form, 'not having to talk face-to-face', that it allowed a level of distance and perceived anonymity that was seen as important.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    The cCBT group were more critical, mentioning that explanations were at times lacking depth and that they were sometimes unsure whether they understood what was being asked of them.

    “The cCBT group were more critical, mentioning that explanations were at times lacking depth and that they were sometimes unsure whether they understood what was being asked of them, for instance whether they were 'picking up the instructions correctly'.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingown data

    The medium of communication for the eCBT group was noted as a benefit: writing was more real than talking.

    “The medium of communication for the eCBT group was noted as a benefit: 'writing was . . .more real than talking'.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    cCBT users reported the program introduced CBT gradually and encouraged the user to do homework.

    “Users reported how the program 'introduced CBT gradually, and encourages the user to do the homework'.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Users disliked that deadlines were largely left up to the individual; the burden of responsibility may be too much for some.

    “Secondly, users disliked that deadlines were largely left up to the individual; the burden of responsibility may be too much for some.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    eCBT users could ask for clarification and this was noted.

    “However, unlike the cCBT group, they could ask for clarification and this was noted: 'it was always clarified when I asked for help'.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    At times users experienced difficulties in accessing treatment or printouts, or their computer stalling, causing frustration.

    “At times users experienced difficulties in accessing treatment or printouts, or their computer stalling, all causing understandable frustration.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingown data

    Other aspects of form that were not liked at times were the voice-over and the music.

    “Other aspects of form that were not liked at times were 'the voice-over and the music'.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    The cCBT group highlight that the program could at times not match what they needed, and the level of responsiveness was limited.

    “The cCBT group also highlight that the program could at times not match what they needed, and the level of responsiveness was limited.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: The group of respondents is largely representative of the entire group who begun treatment.

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingreasoning

    Participants were satisfied, found the treatment helpful and would recommend the treatment to others.

    “Consequently participants were satisfied, found the treatment helpful and would recommend the treatment to others.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: The group of respondents is largely representative of the entire group who begun treatment.

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    The format of delivering online treatments came to the fore with the difference found between the ratings for ease of use; this was rated somewhat higher for the cCBT group.

    “The format of delivering online treatments came to the fore with the difference found between the ratings for ease of use.This was rated somewhat higher for the cCBT group.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: The group of respondents is largely representative of the entire group who begun treatment.

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    The cCBT participants mention the learning they achieved in terms of CBT skills and strategies and also how the treatment was user-friendly.

    “The cCBT participants further mention the learning they achieved in terms of the CBT skills and strategies and also how the treatment was user-friendly.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: The group of respondents is largely representative of the entire group who begun treatment.

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    The eCBT group noted how the treatment could be complicated and impersonal, a point also noted for the cCBT group.

    “At the same time, however, the eCBT group noted how the treatment could be complicated and impersonal, a point also noted for the cCBT group.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: The group of respondents is largely representative of the entire group who begun treatment.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingreasoning

    This was experienced as somewhat overwhelming.

    “There is a sense that this was experienced as somewhat overwhelming.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationown data

    Except for the greater number of sessions completed by both groups and the significant difference in age for the cCBT group, the group that completed the satisfaction measure is largely representative of the group that began treatment.

    “It can be concluded that except for the greater number of sessions completed by both groups and the significant difference in age for the cCBT group, the group that completed SAT are largely representative of the group that began treatment.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    There was a non-significant trend for better outcomes in the eCBT group in the main trial.

    “Additionally, there existed a non-significant trend for better outcomes in the eCBT group (Richards et al., in press).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Richards et al., in press

      Not checked in the free run.

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationcitation

    The population were self-referred and this seems to increase the likelihood of users reporting satisfaction with online delivery of psychological interventions.

    “The population were self-referred and this seems to increase the likelihood of users reporting satisfaction with online delivery of psychological interventions (Mataix-Cols, Cameron, Gega, Kenwright, & Marks, 2006).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Mataix-Cols, Cameron, Gega, Kenwright, & Marks, 2006

      Not checked in the free run.

    • Rests on an assumption: The Satisfaction with Online Treatment (SAT) measure is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing satisfaction with online treatment.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Contact purely via email is perhaps not powerful enough to stimulate the maintenance of treatment.

    “Carlbring (2004) suggests that contact purely via email is perhaps not powerful enough to stimulate the maintenance of treatment.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Carlbring, 2004

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Interpretationown data

    Participants' comments highlight areas of potential weakness in delivering online treatments.

    “Participants' comments highlight areas of potential weakness in delivering online treatments.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Interpretationown data

    The program is demanding.

    “The program is demanding and perhaps a more flexible schedule than weekly would be more appropriate.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Recent ethical guidelines for online counselling advocate that online counsellors should have a verifiable identity.

    “Indeed, recent ethical guidelines for online counselling advocate that online counsellors should have a verifiable identity (Anthony & Goss, 2009).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Anthony & Goss, 2009

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing).

    Interpretationreasoning

    Even at a practical level support may be required.

    “Even at a practical level support may be required.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Carlbring (2004) reports a similar concern that having no deadlines at all seems to have disadvantages.

    “Carlbring (2004) reports a similar concern that having no deadlines at all seems to have disadvantages.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Carlbring (2004)

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    Such design elements can cause frustration and potentially limit the usefulness of the program for some users.

    “Such design elements can cause frustration and potentially limit the usefulness of the program for some users.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductcitation

    Adherence to the responsive use of generic counselling skills in the therapist's responses was assessed by independent raters and considered adequate.

    “The responsive use of generic counselling skills in the therapist's responses was a part of the therapist-delivered condition and adherence to it was assessed by independent raters and considered to be adequate (see the main study Richards et al., in press).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Richards et al., in press

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Anonymity and distance have been noted as benefits in online delivery.

    “Anonymity and distance have been noted as benefits in online delivery (Efstathiou, 2009;Richards, 2009).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Efstathiou, 2009;Richards, 2009

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable). May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    This references the benefits and need for supported implementation of online treatments.

    “It was therefore the case that at all times the eCBT group could consult their clinician and perhaps this again references the benefits and need for supported implementation of online treatments.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductown data

    The BDI for the study sample demonstrated high reliability (Cronbach's alpha 0.88).

    “The BDI for the study sample demonstrated high reliability (Cronbach's a 0.88).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Design of delivery has been noted by other studies as potentially a significant element in the success of any treatment.

    “Design of delivery has been noted by other studies as potentially a significant element in the success of any treatment (Meyer et al., 2009).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Meyer et al., 2009

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Computer-based supported treatments yield greater effects than unsupported treatments.

    “However, in general it is the case that computer-based supported treatments yield greater effects than unsupported treatments (Richards & Richardson, 2012).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Richards & Richardson, 2012

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    The self-administered program delivered content incrementally and was perhaps more manageable for participants.

    “Engagement was more pronounced in the cCBT group; the self-administered program delivered content incrementally and perhaps was more manageable for participants.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    It seemed pertinent for the eCBT group to be able to communicate with a professional and receive feedback while at the same time being at some distance and therefore providing some level of perceived anonymity.

    “It seemed pertinent for the eCBT group to be able to communicate with a professional and receive feedback while at the same time being at some distance and therefore providing some level of perceived anonymity.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

    Interpretationreasoning

    There seems to be a need for personal contact throughout the program.

    “There seems to be a need for personal contact throughout the program.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    The treatment program was focused and promoted engagement for the users.

    “It seems that the treatment program was focused and promoted engagement for the users.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: The Satisfaction with Online Treatment (SAT) measure is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing satisfaction with online treatment.

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductown data

    Participants were randomised to treatment conditions and randomisation was carried out independent of the researchers.

    “Participants were randomised to one or other of the available treatment conditions and randomisation was carried out independent of the researchers.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    The format of asynchronous delivery may be cumbersome and lessen engagement.

    “On the other hand, the format of asynchronous delivery may be cumbersome and in fact lessen engagement, a noted drawback for delivering an asynchronous text-based CBT protocol.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductnone given

    The qualitative analysis was first performed by the first author and then audited by the second author who was not aware from which condition the data came.

    “The analysis was first performed by the first author and then audited by the second author who was not aware from which condition (eCBT or cCBT) the data came.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Such a form may be necessary for some clients who might feel too ashamed to present face-to-face, at least initially.

    “It has been suggested that such a form may be necessary for some clients who might feel too ashamed to present face-to-face, at least initially (Leibert, Archer, Munson, & York, 2006;Simpson, 2009).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Leibert, Archer, Munson, & York, 2006;Simpson, 2009

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Writing instead of talking, and from a distance, has other noted benefits including the therapeutic benefit of writing and the potential for disinhibition.

    “Writing instead of talking, and from a distance, has other noted benefits including the therapeutic benefit of writing and the potential for disinhibition (Suler, 2004;Wright, 2002;Wright & Chung, 2001).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Suler, 2004;Wright, 2002;Wright & Chung, 2001

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

    Interpretationreasoning

    Considerations of time and pace have implications for optimal delivery of online treatments.

    “Considerations of time and pace have implications for optimal delivery of online treatments.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Interpretationown data

    This low response rate could be due to high dropout from treatment affecting the research response rate.

    “This could be due to the fact that dropout from treatment was high and consequently affected the research response rate.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductnone given

    The second author evaluated the data without prior knowledge of which group the data came from.

    “While the second author evaluated the data without prior knowledge of which group the data came from, a noted limitation is the subjective nature of using a qualitative approach.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Ethical guidelines have been developed for the practice of online counselling, professional organisations have been established to support its development, and training courses for professionals to work ethically online have evolved.

    “In particular, ethical guidelines have been developed for the practice of online counselling, professional organisations have been established to support its development, and training courses for professionals to work ethically online have evolved (Richards & Vigano `, 2012).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Richards & Vigano `, 2012

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductnone given

    The subjective nature of using a qualitative approach is a noted limitation.

    “While the second author evaluated the data without prior knowledge of which group the data came from, a noted limitation is the subjective nature of using a qualitative approach.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Many ethical issues have now been addressed adequately for the professional practice of online counselling.

    “It is, however, the case that many of these issues have now been addressed adequately for the professional practice of online counselling.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Richards & Vigano `, 2012

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable). May combine two claims.

    Interpretationnone given

    Aspects of the delivery of online treatments that are identified in the satisfaction measure data need to be considered carefully and can contribute to the successful design, delivery and implementation of online treatments.

    “Aspects of the delivery of online treatments that are identified in the satisfaction measure data need to be considered carefully and can contribute to the successful design, delivery and implementation of online treatments.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: The group of respondents is largely representative of the entire group who begun treatment.
51 of 51

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The Satisfaction with Online Treatment (SAT) measure is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing satisfaction with online treatment.

    “The measure was developed with the primary aim of determining participants' attitudes towards their online delivered treatment.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The group of respondents is largely representative of the entire group who begun treatment.

    “Although the group of respondents is largely representative of the entire group who begun treatment, any potential generalisations made are consequently tentative.”
2 of 2

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.

  • Two standard deviations reported for the same respondents' session count

    Minor

    Both passages describe the 25 participants who completed the satisfaction measure and give the same mean of 5.64 sessions, but one reports an SD of 2.2 and the other 2.40.

1 of 1

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

1 of the 33 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 7

  1. Anthony , K. and Goss , S. 2009 . Guidelines for online counselling and psychotherapy 3rd edition, including guidelines for online supervision , Rugby : BACP .
  2. Beck , A.T. , Steer , R.A. and Brown , G.K. 1996 . Manual for the BDI-II , San Antonio , TX : Psychological Corporation .
  3. Demunter , C. 2005 . The digital divide in Europe 38 . Luxembourg : European Community .
  4. 10.1590/s0042–96862004001100011 · DOI
  5. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence . 2006 . Computerised cognitive behaviour therapy for depression and anxiety . London : National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence .
  6. Rana , R. , Smith , E. and Wlaking , J. 1999 . Degrees of disturbance: The new agenda , Leicestershire , , UK : British Association for Counselling (BAC) .
  7. Royal College of Psychiatrists . 2003 . The mental health of students in higher education . London : Royal College of Psychiatrists .

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Authors
Richards, D., & Timulak, L.
Affiliations
  • Trinity College Dublin (IE)
  • University of Dublin, Trinity College Dublin
Corresponding author
Richards, Derek
ORCID
Richards, Derek
Venue
British Journal of Guidance & Counselling
Publisher
Informa UK Limited
Published
2012-10
Volume
41
Issue
2
Pages
193-207
ISSN
  • 0306-9885 (ISSN-L)
  • 1469-3534
DOI
10.1080/03069885.2012.726347
OpenAlex
W2085386357
Cited by
40
References
33
Citations by year
2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 6 · 2014: 3
FWCI
1.34
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • British Journal of Guidance and Counselling (publishedVersion)
  • Trinity's Access to Research Output (TARA) (Trinity College Dublin) (submittedVersion)
  • Arrow@dit (Dublin Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
Funders
Health Service Executive
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Assessments
Keywords
depression, cognitive behavioral therapy, online therapy, self-administered therapy, treatment satisfaction, university students, perceived anonymity, self-control

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