The menstrual cycle and sexual behavior: relationship to eating, exercise, sleep, and health patterns
Open accessAbstract
Patterns of eating, exercise, sleep, and health were investigated across 180 menstrual cycles of 89 women who engaged in sex with a male (n = 45; cycles = 85), a female (n = 21; cycles = 37), or abstained from sex (n = 33; cycles = 58) from January 2005 to December 2007 (10 contributed to 2 groups). Cycles were divided into 5 phases based on their luteinizing hormone surges. Daily questionnaires and saliva for IgA and cortisol analyses were obtained. Women indicated that they ate more (p < .008) and did not sleep as well (p = .02) during their luteal and premenstrual phases. Participants were less likely to experience food cravings and did not satisfy their cravings when they were ovulatory (p < .001). Additionally, a greater proportion of lesbians skipped breakfast (p = .01) and exercised less than heterosexuals (p = .05). Sexually active women had lower cortisol and IgA levels than abstinent women (p = .02). Our study discovered, and confirmed, systematic differences in eating, sleeping, and health patterns across women's menstrual cycles.
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Menstruating women may be at greater risk of sleep deprivation throughout different phases of their menstrual cycle.
“menstruating women may be at even greater risk of sleep deprivation throughout different phases of their menstrual cycle [251]”
From International society of sports nutrition position stand: nutritional concerns of the female athlete (2023) · cites this paper as [251]
The Discussion reports poorer sleep quality during the luteal phase, supporting a connection between menstrual phase and sleep. But the paper says minutes of sleep did not vary across phases, so it does not establish a greater risk of sleep deprivation. (LLM, conf=0.84)
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- Authors
- Brown, S. G., Morrison, L. A., Calibuso, M. J., & Christiansen, T. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Hawaii at Hilo (US)
- Venue
- Women & Health
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2008-12-26
- Volume
- 48
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 429-444
- ISSN
- 0363-0242 (ISSN-L)
- 1541-0331
- PMC
- PMC2684789
- OpenAlex
- W2063203881
- Cited by
- 55
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 3 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 0.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Women & Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (S06-GM0873-33, S06GM008073)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Menstrual Health and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Sexual function and dysfunction studies
- Keywords
- menstrual cycle, sexual behavior, dietary intake, sleep patterns, physical activity, luteinizing hormone surge, ovulation, food cravings, cortisol, immunoglobulin A, lesbians, heterosexual women
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Feeding Behavior, Female, Hawaii, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Immunoglobulin A, Libido, Menstrual Cycle, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sexual Behavior, Sexual Abstinence, Sleep, Exercise, Women's Health, Homosexuality, Female, Heterosexuality
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