The DOI matches its Crossref record; 27 of the 27 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Validity of the PRCA as an index of oral communication apprehension
Abstract
This paper reviews the research which has employed the PRCA to measure the construct of oral communication apprehension. It is concluded that the PRCA is a reliable and valid measure of that construct.
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Items 201–300 of 371
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“In Part II a convenience sample of 84 males, (40 Blacks, 35 Whites, and nine who identified themselves as “other” race) volunteered to complete a modified version of the Personal Report of Communication Apprehension (PRCA; McCroskey, 1978).”
MethodInfluentialCommunication apprehension, personality, and grades in the basic course: Are there correlations?
Dwyer, K. K., & Cruz, A. M. (1998) · Communication Research Reports · doi:10.1080/08824099809362143 · Cited by 11
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“The PRCA-L is a 25-item self-report measure that is designed to measure "'an individual's level of fear or anxiety associated with either real or anticipated communication with another person or persons" ( McCroskey, 1978, p.78 ).”
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Emotion and human communication: A rhetorical, scientific, and philosophical picture
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“The Personal Report of PSA (PRPSA; McCroskey, 1978) was used to measure PSA.”
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Blood, G. W., Blood, I. M., Frederick, S. B., Wertz, H., & Simpson, K. C. (1997) · Perceptual and Motor Skills · doi:10.2466/pms.1997.84.3.883 · Cited by 10
“, monolingual speakers of English, with normal hearing acuity, were administered the Personal Report of Communication Apprehension (McCroskey, 1978) to measure communication apprehension.”
MethodThe impact of basic courses in oral interpretation and public speaking on communication apprehension
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Motivating IT professionals-the Hong Kong challenge
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The multivariate structure of communication avoidance
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App-based data collection, mental imagery, and naming performance in adults with aphasia
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“Communication Apprehension (McCroskey, 1978).”
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“Communication apprehension is defined as the learner’s level of anxiety or fear connected with either real or expected communication with other people (McCroskey, 1978).”
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Carmack, H. J., & Ahmed, R. (2019) · Journal of Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10810730.2019.1666197 · Cited by 8
“Willingness to communicate (WTC) is the desire of individuals to initiate conversations among others in specific contexts (McCroskey, 1978).”
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Lederman, L. C. (1981) · Cited by 8
Suffering in Silence: The Effects of Fear of Talking on Small Group Participation
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The Communication Anxiety Regulation Scale: Development and Initial Validation
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“In that vein, serious efforts have been made to address two key issues associated with communication anxiety—how to measure it (McCroskey, 1978, 1982) and how to reduce it (Beatty, McCroskey, & Heisel, 1998; Glowgower, Fremouw, & McCroskey, 1978; McCroskey, 1976).”
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Soleimanirad, N., & Shangarffam, N. (2016) · Theory and Practice in Language Studies · doi:10.17507/tpls.0602.15 · Cited by 7
“…Anxiety Communication apprehension Test anxiety Fear of negative evaluation Communication apprehension is an individual’s level of fear or anxiety that is experienced in interpersonal communicative settings with other people which happens in second or foreign language context (McCroskey, 1978).”
BackgroundCommunication apprehension and implicit memories of public speaking state anxiety
Sawyer, C. R., & Behnke, R. R. (1997) · Communication Quarterly · doi:10.1080/01463379709370061 · Cited by 7
COMMUNICATION FEAR: A CORRELATIONAL STUDY OF TRAIT GENERALITY
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Communication Apprehension: Implications for Management and Organizational Behavior
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Effects of anticipating listening (state) anxiety on the stability of receiver apprehension scores
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Veteran Contempt for Civilian Communication Scale: Development and Validation
Howe, W. T., & Bisel, R. S. (2023) · Management Communication Quarterly · doi:10.1177/08933189231186149 · Cited by 6
“The short form of communication apprehension scale (McCroskey, 1978) measures the overall communication apprehension of individuals.”
BackgroundThe experiences of adolescents who stutter: a scoping review
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“One of them is the Personal Report of Communication Apprehension – PRCA [18].”
BackgroundMolnar, D., & Crnjak, G. (2018) · European Journal of Social Sciences Education and Research · doi:10.2478/ejser-2018-0031 · Cited by 6
“In cases in which they do not drop the course, students experience very severe problems ranging from being absent on the day of an assigned speech, refusing to speak due to not being ready, fainting and escaping from the classroom (McCroskey, 1978).”
BackgroundExamining a continuum of FL speaking anxiety over time in an EFL classroom in Japan
Veenstra, R., & Weaver, C. (2022) · System · doi:10.1016/j.system.2022.102889 · Cited by 13
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An Evaluation of Communication Apprehension in Adolescents with Velopharyngeal Inadequacy
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“The concept of CA was first introduced in 1970 by McCroskey, who defined the term as ‘‘an individual’s level of fear or anxiety associated with either real or anticipated communication with another person or persons’’ (McCroskey, 1977a, 1978).”
BackgroundRumbough, T. B. (1999) · New Jersey Journal of Communication · doi:10.1080/15456879909367368 · Cited by 6
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PERSONALITY CORRELATES OF ANXIETY ABOUT PUBLIC SPEAKING
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Cognitive Complexity and Apprehension about Communication: A Preliminary Report
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“MCCROSKEY, J. C. (1978) Validity of the PRCA as an index of oral communication apprehension.”
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Kelsey, K. D. (2000) · Journal of Applied Communications · doi:10.4148/1051-0834.2155 · Cited by 6
“…which consisted of 24 Likert-type questions, was selected because it was the most widely used measure of CA and because its reliability and construct, predictive, and content validity were well established (alpha reliability = 0.97) (McCroskey, 1978; McCroskey, Beatty, Kearney, & Plax, 1985).”
MethodInfluentialStreet, R. L., & Jordan, W. J. (1981) · Communication Quarterly · doi:10.1080/01463378109369416 · Cited by 6
Anxiety in academic speaking situations among EFL majors: a case study
Radić-Bojanić, B., & Topalov, J. P. (2021) · Language Learning in Higher Education · doi:10.1515/cercles-2021-2017 · Cited by 7
EFL Students' Speaking Anxiety in Indonesian Senior High School
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“According to McCroskey (1978), communication apprehension is the degree of worry or anxiety a person experiences with actual or prospective communication with other people.”
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Metadata
- Authors
- McCroskey, J. C.
- Affiliations
- West Virginia University (US)
- Corresponding author
- McCroskey, James C.
- Venue
- Communication Monographs
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 1978-08
- Volume
- 45
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 192-203
- ISSN
- 0363-7751 (ISSN-L)
- 1479-5787
- OpenAlex
- W2006089454
- Cited by
- 371
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 25.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Communication Monographs (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Communication in Education and Healthcare
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Keywords
- oral communication apprehension, speaking anxiety, psychometric validity, reliability statistics, anxiety assessment
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Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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