Cited by 371Communication in Education and HealthcareAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesPsychometric Methodologies and Testing

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Validity of the PRCA as an index of oral communication apprehension

McCroskey, James C.·1978·Communication Monographs

DOI 10.1080/03637757809375965

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Abstract

This paper reviews the research which has employed the PRCA to measure the construct of oral communication apprehension. It is concluded that the PRCA is a reliable and valid measure of that construct.

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Human Communication Research
Harwood, J., & Ortiz, M. (2006) · Human Communication Research · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2958.2006.00280.x · Cited by 1,293
Oral communication apprehension: A summary of recent theory and research
McCROSKEY, J. C. (1977) · Human Communication Research · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1977.tb00599.x · Cited by 890
Measures of communication‐bound anxiety
McCroskey, J. C. (1970) · Speech Monographs · doi:10.1080/03637757009375677 · Cited by 723
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COMMUNICATION APPREHENSION AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT AMONG COLLEGE STUDENTS
McCroskey, J. C., & Andersen, J. F. (1976) · Human Communication Research · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1976.tb00506.x · Cited by 223
PERSONALITY CORRELATES OF COMMUNICATION APPREHENSION: A RESEARCH NOTE
McCroskey, J. C., Daly, J. A., & Sorensen, G. (1976) · Human Communication Research · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1976.tb00498.x · Cited by 171
Occupational desirability and choice as a function of communication apprehension.
Daly, J. A., & McCroskey, J. C. (1975) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0076748 · Cited by 151
STUDIES OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COMMUNICATION APPREHENSION AND SELF-ESTEEM
McCroskey, J. C., RICHMOND, V. P., Daly, J. A., & Falcione, R. L. (1977) · Human Communication Research · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1977.tb00525.x · Cited by 138
Classroom seating arrangements: Instructional communication theory versus student preferences
McCorskey, J. C., & McVetta, R. W. (1978) · Communication Education · doi:10.1080/03634527809378281 · Cited by 127
The implementation of a large‐scale program of systematic desensitization for communication apprehension
McCroskey, J. C. (1972) · The Speech Teacher · doi:10.1080/03634527209377961 · Cited by 120
A comparison of skills training and cognitive restructuring-relaxation for the treatment of speech anxiety
Fremouw, W. J., & Zitter, R. E. (1978) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(78)80110-5 · Cited by 117

Show all 27 references

Research works printed but not linked: 9

Moore, David L. 1972. “The Effects of Systematic Desensitization on Communication Apprehension in an Aged Population,”. Illinois State M.S. thesis
Weiner, Allen N. 1973. “Machiavellianism as a Predictor of Group Interaction and Cohesion,”. West Virginia M.A. thesis
Falcione Raymond L., 1977, Communication Yearbook I, 363
McCroskey James C., Communication Quarterly
Sorensen Gail A., 1977, CM, 44, 73
Hamilton, Paul R. 1972. “The Effect of Risk Proneness on Small Group Interaction, Communication Apprehension, and Self‐Disclosure,”. Illinois State M.S. thesis
Wenzlaff, Velma J. 1971. “The Prediction of Leadership: A Consideration of Selected Communication Variables,”. Illinois State M.S. thesis
Witteman, Hal R. 1976. “The Relationship of Communication Apprehension to Opinion Leadership and Innovativeness,”. West Virginia M.A. thesis
Fremouw William J., Behavior Therapy

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BackgroundMethod
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MethodInfluential
Loneliness and Communication Problems
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Result
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Communication apprehension and learning style preference: Correlations and implications for teaching
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Biological sex and communication apprehension
McCroskey, J. C., Simpson, T. J., & RICHMOND, V. P. (1982) · Communication Quarterly · doi:10.1080/01463378209369439 · Cited by 50
COMPONENTS IN LISTENING BEHAVIOR: THE ROLE OF SHORT-TERM MEMORY
Bostrom, R. N., & Waldhart, E. S. (1980) · Human Communication Research · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1980.tb00142.x · Cited by 48
High communication apprehensives talk about communication apprehension and its effects on their behavior
Lederman, L. C. (1983) · Communication Quarterly · doi:10.1080/01463378309369509 · Cited by 46
Exploring Chinese and Iranian EAP students’ oral communication apprehension in English: A cross-cultural mixed-methods study
Wang, Y., Derakhshan, A., Ghiasvand, F., & Esfandyari, M. (2024) · System · doi:10.1016/j.system.2024.103437 · Cited by 52
Skills Versus Apprehension: Empirical Euidence on Oral Communication
Fordham, D. R., & Gabbin, A. L. (1996) · Business Communication Quarterly · doi:10.1177/108056999605900314 · Cited by 45
When enough is too much: Communication apprehension and employee information experiences
Bartoo, H., & Sias, P. M. (2004) · Communication Quarterly · doi:10.1080/01463370409370175 · Cited by 44
“Instruments Both the supervisor's and the employee's CA were assessed using Scott, McCroskey, and Sheahan's 20-item (1978) version of the Personal Report of Communication Apprehension that targets organizational settings (PRCA-Org form).”
Method
Communication Apprehension and Imagined Interactions
Honeycutt, J. M., Choi, C. W., & DeBerry, J. R. (2009) · Communication Research Reports · doi:10.1080/08824090903074423 · Cited by 44
“The PRCA–24 was given to participants to test for their levels of CA. Previous research with the PRCA–24 has shown the instrument to be reliable with reliability estimates above .90, even when compared to other CA scales (Levine & McCroskey, 1990; McCroskey, 1978).”
Perceptions of speaking ability: An explanation for stage fright
Ayres, J. (1986) · Communication Education · doi:10.1080/03634528609388350 · Cited by 44
Investigating foreign language learning anxiety: A case of Saudi undergraduate EFL learners
Al-Khasawneh, F. M. (2016) · DergiPark (Istanbul University) · Cited by 43
The role of outcome expectations in the experience of a state of communication apprehension
Greene, J. O., & Sparks, G. G. (1983) · Communication Quarterly · doi:10.1080/01463378309369506 · Cited by 43
Some communicator correlates of loneliness
Bell, R. A., & Daly, J. A. (1985) · Southern Speech Communication Journal · doi:10.1080/10417948509372627 · Cited by 42
A Cross-cultural Test of the Spiral of Silence Theory in Singapore and the United States1
Lee, W., Detenber, B. H., Willnat, L., Aday, S., & Graf, J. (2004) · Asian Journal of Communication · doi:10.1080/0129298042000256758 · Cited by 41
“Not everyone is equally comfortable in speaking up, and to overcome their anxiety, some people will simply keep quiet or withdraw from communication (McCroskey, 1978; McCroskey & Beatty, 1998).”
Background
An overview of tourism and hospitality scales: discussion and recommendations
Koç, E., & Ayyıldız, A. Y. (2021) · Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights · doi:10.1108/jhti-06-2021-0147 · Cited by 43

Authors: McCroskey, J. C.
Affiliations: West Virginia University (US)
Corresponding author: McCroskey, James C.
Venue: Communication Monographs
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 1978-08
Volume: 45
Issue: 3
Pages: 192-203
ISSN: 0363-7751 (ISSN-L)
1479-5787
DOI: 10.1080/03637757809375965
OpenAlex: W2006089454
Cited by: 371
References: 27
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 8
FWCI: 25.36
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Communication Monographs (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Communication in Education and Healthcare
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Keywords: oral communication apprehension, speaking anxiety, psychometric validity, reliability statistics, anxiety assessment

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Validity of the PRCA as an index of oral communication apprehension

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