Male/female language differences and attributional consequences in a public speaking situation: Toward an explanation of the gender‐linked language effect
Abstract
One‐minute transcripts of 30 university students' first in‐class public speeches earlier (Mulac & Lundell, 1982a) demonstrated the Gender‐Linked Language Effect: females rated higher on Socio‐Intellectual Status and Aesthetic Quality; males higher on Dynamism. For the present study, these transcripts were analyzed linguistically by 11 trained coders for 35 language features selected as potential discriminators of speaker gender. Discriminant analysis results showed that a combination of 20 of these features could account for 99% of the between‐gender variance, permitting 100% accuracy of gender prediction. Multiple regression analyses demonstrated that 13 of the gender‐discriminating language features predicted the three attributional dimensions in ways consistent with the Gender‐Linked Language Effect.
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Males used more swear words.
“Males used more swear words, object references (e.g., ‘xbox’ and swear words) [34], [89].”
From Personality, Gender, and Age in the Language of Social Media: The Open-Vocabulary Approach (2013) · cites this paper as [89]
Males used more object references.
“Males used more swear words, object references (e.g., ‘xbox’ and swear words) [34], [89].”
From Personality, Gender, and Age in the Language of Social Media: The Open-Vocabulary Approach (2013) · cites this paper as [89]
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ՀԱՐՈՒԹՅՈՒՆՅԱՆ, Ն. (2022) · Foreign Languages in Higher Education · doi:10.46991/flhe/2015.19.1.053
Tan, D. (2026) · Business and Professional Communication Quarterly · doi:10.1177/23294906261479672
- Authors
- Mulac, A., Lundell, T. L., & Bradac, J. J.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Santa Barbara (US)
- Venue
- Communication Monographs
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 1986-06
- Volume
- 53
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 115-129
- ISSN
- 0363-7751 (ISSN-L)
- 1479-5787
- OpenAlex
- W2086400603
- Cited by
- 86
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 9.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Communication Monographs (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender Studies in Language
- Social Sciences › Linguistics and Language › Linguistic Variation and Morphology
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Literature and Literary Theory › Discourse Analysis in Language Studies
- Keywords
- gender differences in language, public speaking, attribution, dynamism, aesthetic quality, speech transcripts
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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