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Associations of Dietary Flavonoids with Risk of Type 2 Diabetes, and Markers of Insulin Resistance and Systemic Inflammation in Women: A Prospective Study and Cross-Sectional Analysis
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Flavonoids, as antioxidants, may prevent the progressive impairment of pancreatic beta-cell function due to oxidative stress and may thus reduce the occurrence of type 2 diabetes. The aim of the present study was to examine the association of dietary flavonol and flavone intake with type 2 diabetes, and biomarkers of insulin resistance and systemic inflammation. METHODS: In 38,018 women aged > or =45 y and free of cardiovascular disease, cancer and diabetes with an average 8.8 y of follow-up, we calculated relative risks (RRs) of incident type 2 diabetes (1,614 events) according to dietary intake of total or individual flavonols and flavones and flavonoid-rich foods. We also measured and examined plasma concentrations of insulin, HbA(1C), CRP, and IL-6 in relation to total flavonol and flavone intake among 344 nondiabetic women. RESULTS: During 332,905 person-years of follow-up, none of total flavonols and flavones, quercetin, kaempferol, myricetin, apigenin, and luteolin was significantly associated with risk of type 2 diabetes. Among flavonoid-rich foods, apple and tea consumption was associated with diabetes risk. Women consuming > or =1 apple/d showed a significant 28% reduced risk of type 2 diabetes compared with those who consumed no apples (the multivariate-adjusted RR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.56, 0.92; p = 0.006 for trend). Tea consumption was also inversely associated with diabetes risk but with a borderline significant trend (> or =4 cups/d vs. none: RR 0.73, 95% CI: 0.52-1.01; p for trend = 0.06). In 344 nondiabetic women, total intake of flavonols and flavones was not significantly related to plasma concentrations of fasting insulin, HbA(1C), CRP, or IL-6. CONCLUSIONS: These results do not support the hypothesis that high intake of flavonols and flavones reduces the development of type 2 diabetes, although we cannot rule out a modest inverse association with intake of apples and tea.
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Metadata
- Authors
- Song, Y., Manson, J. E., Buring, J. E., Sesso, H. D., & Liu, S.
- Affiliations
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Song, Yiqing
- Venue
- Journal of the American College of Nutrition
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2005-10
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 376-384
- ISSN
- 0731-5724 (ISSN-L)
- 1541-1087
- OpenAlex
- W2112118938
- Cited by
- 389
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 28 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 31
- FWCI
- 9.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of the American College of Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01hl043851-10, 1r03hl065727-01)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL43851, HL-65727)
- National Cancer Institute (CA-47988, R01CA047988)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK066401, DK 66401)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry (medical) › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Natural Antidiabetic Agents Studies
- Keywords
- dietary flavonoids, flavonols, flavones, type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, systemic inflammation, apple, tea consumption, quercetin, kaempferol, myricetin, apigenin, luteolin, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, HbA1c, fasting insulin, postmenopausal women
- MeSH terms
- Cross-Sectional Studies, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Diet, Female, Flavonoids, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Inflammation, Insulin Resistance, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Tea, Cohort Studies, Biomarkers, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Oxidative Stress, Malus
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