High Prevalence of Secondary Hypertension and Insulin Resistance in Patients with Refractory Hypertension
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: To determine causes of treatment resistance in patients with refractory hypertension, and to estimate the prevalence of true resistant hypertension. METHODS: We studied 50 consecutive patients referred with refractory hypertension after exclusion of hypokalemia and stenosis of the renal artery. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring was performed in all patients to detect white-coat effect. The patients were hospitalized, antihypertensive drugs were withdrawn and a screening for secondary hypertension was performed. In addition, these patients, and a control group of essential hypertensives controlled with three antihypertensive drugs, underwent a OGTT with 75 g of glucose. RESULTS: Primary normokalemic hyperaldosteronism was diagnosed in seven patients. Two patients had a pheochromocytoma and six had white-coat effect. The 35 remaining patients with true resistant hypertension shown significant differences in serum insulin and HOMA IR when compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS: These findings show that among normokalemic treatment-resistant hypertension, the presence of hyperaldosteronism and pheochromocytoma is quite high. Moreover, treatment resistance in hypertensive patients appears to be associated with insulin resistance.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The prevalence of pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma is likely higher in patients referred for resistant hypertension (eg, up to 4%).
“The prevalence is likely higher in patients referred for RH (eg, up to 4%).320”
From Resistant Hypertension: Detection, Evaluation, and Management: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2018) · cites this paper as [320]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Matthews, D. R., Hosker, J. P., Rudenski, A. S., Naylor, B. A., Treacher, D. F., & Turner, R. C. (1985) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/bf00280883 · Cited by 31,502 · see citing works
(1997) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.157.21.2413 · Cited by 6,345 · see citing works
DeFronzo, R. A., & Ferrannini, E. (1991) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.14.3.173 · Cited by 4,555 · see citing works
(1997) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.1997.00440420033005 · Cited by 3,777 · see citing works
Hyperinsulinaemia: the key feature of a cardiovascular and metabolic syndrome
Ferrannini, E., Haffner, S. M., Mitchell, B. D., & Stern, M. P. (1991) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/bf00403180 · Cited by 898 · see citing works
The homeostasis model in the San Antonio Heart Study.
Haffner, S. M., Miettinen, H., & Stern, M. P. (1997) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.20.7.1087 · Cited by 788 · see citing works
How good a marker is insulin level for insulin resistance?
Laakso, M. (1993) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116768 · Cited by 726 · see citing works
Hanley, A. J., Williams, K., D, M. P. S. M., & Haffner, S. M. (2002) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.25.7.1177 · Cited by 637 · see citing works
Bonora, E., Formentini, G., Calcaterra, F., Lombardi, S., Marini, F., Zenari, L., Saggiani, F., Poli, M., Perbellini, S., Raffaelli, A., et al. (2002) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.25.7.1135 · Cited by 604 · see citing works
Insulin resistance is a characteristic feature of primary hypertension independent of obesity
Pollare, T., Lithell, H., & Berne, C. (1990) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/0026-0495(90)90071-j · Cited by 530 · see citing works
How to measure insulin sensitivity
Ferrannini, E., & Mari, A. (1998) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/00004872-199816070-00001 · Cited by 506 · see citing works
HIGH INCIDENCE OF PRIMARY ALDOSTERONISM IN 199 PATIENTS REFERRED WITH HYPERTENSION
Gordon, R. D., Stowasser, M., Tunny, T. J., Klemm, S. A., & Rutherford, J. C. (1994) · Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1994.tb02519.x · Cited by 495 · see citing works
Saad, M. F., Anderson, R. L., Laws, A., Watanabe, R. M., Kades, W. W., Chen, Y. D. I., Sands, R. E., Pei, D., Savage, P. J., & Bergman, R. N. (1994) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.43.9.1114 · Cited by 376 · see citing works
High prevalence of cardiac and extracardiac target organ damage in refractory hypertension
Cuspidi, C., Macca, G., Sampieri, L., Michev, I., Salerno, M., Fusi, V., Severgnini, B., Meani, S., Magrini, F., & Zanchetti, A. (2001) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/00004872-200111000-00018 · Cited by 303 · see citing works
The changing clinical spectrum of primary aldosteronism
Bravo, E. L., Tarazi, R. C., Dustan, H. P., Fouad, F. M., Textor, S. C., Gifford, R. W., & Vidt, D. G. (1983) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/0002-9343(83)91022-7 · Cited by 280 · see citing works
Ganguly, A. (1998) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199812173392507 · Cited by 279 · see citing works
High prevalence of primary aldosteronism in the Tayside hypertension clinic population
Lim, P. O., Dow, E., Brennan, G., Jung, R., & MacDonald, T. M. (2000) · Journal of Human Hypertension · doi:10.1038/sj.jhh.1001013 · Cited by 268 · see citing works
Landin‐Wilhelmsen, K., Tengborn, L., & Smith, U. (1991) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2796.1991.tb00328.x · Cited by 224 · see citing works
Giugliano, D., De Rosa, N., Di Maro, G., Marfella, R., Acampora, R., Buoninconti, R., & D'Onofrio, F. (1993) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.16.10.1387 · Cited by 206 · cited 1× · see citing works
“[32] reported similar results in a group of obese, no diabetic hypertensive women.”
ResultResistant Hypertension in a Tertiary Care Clinic
Yakovlevitch, M. (1991) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.1991.00400090078014 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Hollenbeck, C. B., Chen, N.-G., Chen, Y. I., & Reaven, G. M. (1984) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.33.5.460 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Anderson, R. L., Hamman, R. F., Savage, P. J., Saad, M. F., Laws, A., Kades, W. W., Sands, R., & Cefalu, W. T. (1995) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/142.7.724 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Banskota, N. K., Taub, R. A., Zellner, K., Olsen, P., & King, G. L. (1989) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.38.1.123 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Antihypertensive effects of metformin in fructose-fed hyperinsulinemic, hypertensive rats.
Verma, S., Bhanot, S., & McNeill, J. H. (1994) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3565(25)24016-2 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Obesity, glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinemia, and response to antihypertensive drugs.
Modan, M., Almog, S., Fuchs, Z., Chetrit, A., Lusky, A., & Halkin, H. (1991) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.17.4.565 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Bhalla, R. (1996) · American Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1016/0895-7061(95)00356-8 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Prevalence of drug resistant hypertension.
Alderman, M. H., Budner, N., Cohen, H. W., Lamport, B., & Ooi, W. L. (1988) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.11.3_pt_2.ii71 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Rosmond, R., & Björntorp, P. A. (1998) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/00004872-199816120-00003 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
TREATMENT OF REFRACTORY HYPERTENSION
Swales, J. D., Heagerty, A. M., Russell, G. I., Bing, R. F., Pohl, J., & Thurston, H. (1982) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(82)92162-6 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Insulin and renal sodium retention in hypertension-prone men.
Endre, T., Mattiasson, I., Berglund, G., & Hulthén, U. L. (1994) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.23.3.313 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Dorella, M., Giusto, M., Tos, V. D., Campagnolo, M., Palatini, P., Rossi, G., Ceolotto, G., Felice, M., Semplicini, A., & Prato, S. D. (1996) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.81.4.8636369 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
The effect of metformin on blood pressure and metabolism in nondiabetic hypertensive patients
Nørgaard, K., Køber, L., & Carlsen, J. E. (1997) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2796.1997.00236.x · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Characteristics of patients resistant to antihypertensive drug therapy
Isaksson, H., DANIELSSON, M., Rosenhamer, G., KONARSKI‐SVENSSON, J. C., & Östergren, J. (1991) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2796.1991.tb00369.x · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Giordano, M., Castellino, P., Solini, A., CANESSA, M. L., & DeFronzo, R. A. (1997) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/s0026-0495(97)90237-7 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 8
- Setaro JF, Black HR. Refractory hypertension. N Eng J Med 1992; 157: 543-6.
- De Fronzo RA, Ferrannini E. Insulin resistance: a multi- faceted syndrome responsible for NIDDM, obesity, hyper- tension, dislipemia and atherosclerotic cardiovascular dis- ease. Diabetes Care 1991; 14: 173-94.
- Gordon RD, Ziezac MD, Tunny TJ, Stowasser M, Klemm SA. Evidence that primary aldosteronism may be not be uncommon: 12% incidence among antihypertensive drug trial volunteers. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 1993; 20: 296- 98.
- McKenna TJ, Sequeira SJ, Heffernan A, Chambers J, Cunningham S. Diagnosis under random condition of all disorders of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis, including primary hyperaldosteronism. J Endocrinol Metab 1991; 73: 952-57.
- Anderson RL, Hamman RF, Savage PJ, et al. for the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study. Explanation of simple insulin sensitivity measures derived from frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance (FSIGT)test: The insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study. Am J Epidemiol 1995; 142: 724-32.
- Morgan D, Ray CA, Balon TW, Mark AL. Metformin increases insulin sensitivity and lowers arterial pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Hypertension 1992; 20: 421.
- Semplicini A, Del Prato S, Giusto M, et al.. Short term effects of metformin on insulin sensitivity and sodium homeostasis in essential hypertensives. J Hypertens 1993; 11: 276-7.
- Facchini F, Chen YDI, Clinkingbead C, Jeppesen J, Reaven GM. Insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia and dislipemia in nonobese individuals with a family history of hypertension. Am J Hypertens 1992; 5: 694-99. Submitted December 12, 2002; accepted February 24, 2003 Address for correspondence: Nieves Martell Unidad de Hipertensio ´n Hospital Clı ´nico San Carlos C/ Martin Lagos s/n ES-28040 Madrid Spain Tel: 34 913303125 Fax: 34 913303458 E-mail: nmartellc@nexo.es
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Carey, R. M., Calhoun, D. A., Bakris, G. L., Brook, R. D., Daugherty, S. L., Dennison-Himmelfarb, C. R., Egan, B. M., Flack, J. M., Gidding, S. S., Judd, E., et al. (2018) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hyp.0000000000000084 · Cited by 1,153 · see citing works
Δούμα, Σ., Petidis, K., Doumas, M. N., Papaefthimiou, P., Triantafyllou, Α., Kartali, N., Papadopoulos, N., Vogiatzis, K., & Zamboulis, C. (2008) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(08)60834-x · Cited by 559 · see citing works
Käyser, S. C., Dekkers, T., Groenewoud, H., van der Wilt, G. J., Bakx, J. C., van der Wel, M. C., Hermus, A. R., Lenders, J. W. M., & Deinum, J. (2016) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2016-1472 · Cited by 399 · see citing works
True Resistant Hypertension: Is it Possible to Be Recognized in the Office?
Muxfeldt, E. S., Bloch, K. V., DAROCHANOGUEIRA, A., & Salles, G. F. (2005) · American Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1016/j.amjhyper.2005.06.013 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Common Secondary Causes of Resistant Hypertension and Rational for Treatment
Faselis, C. J., Doumas, M. N., & Papademetriou, V. (2011) · International Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.4061/2011/236239 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Álvarez-Álvarez, B., Abad-Cardiel, M., Fernández‐Cruz, A., & Claros, N. M. (2010) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0b013e32833d4c99 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Is Primary Aldosteronism Still Largely Unrecognized?
Buffolo, F., Monticone, S., Burrello, J., Tetti, M., Veglio, F., Williams, T. A., & Mulatero, P. (2017) · Hormone and Metabolic Research · doi:10.1055/s-0043-119755 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Efficacy of Add-On Aldosterone Receptor Blocker in Uncontrolled Hypertension
Sharabi, Y., Adler, E., SHAMIS, A., Nussinovitch, N., MARKOVITZ, A., & Grossman, E. (2006) · American Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1016/j.amjhyper.2005.11.016 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Food and Western Disease Health and Nutrition from an Evolutionary Perspective
Lindeberg, S. (2009) · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Screening for Pheochromocytomas and Paragangliomas
Eisenhofer, G. (2012) · Current Hypertension Reports · doi:10.1007/s11906-012-0246-y · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Secondary Hypertension: Obesity and the Metabolic Syndrome
Singer, G. M., & Setaro, J. F. (2008) · Journal of Clinical Hypertension · doi:10.1111/j.1751-7176.2008.08178.x · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Treatment of resistant hypertension
Taler, S. J. (2005) · Current Hypertension Reports · doi:10.1007/s11906-005-0064-6 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Verdalles, Ú., de Vinuesa, S. G., Goicoechea, M., Quiroga, B., Reque, J., Panizo, N., Arroyo, D., & Luño, J. (2012) · Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation · doi:10.1093/ndt/gfs420 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Secondary Causes of Hypertension
Taler, S. J. (2008) · Primary Care Clinics in Office Practice · doi:10.1016/j.pop.2008.06.001 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Resistant hypertension: consensus document from the Korean society of hypertension
Park, S., Shin, J., Ihm, S., Kim, K., Kim, H., Kim, H. C., Lee, E. M., Lee, J. H., Ahn, S. Y., Cho, E. J., et al. (2023) · Clinical Hypertension · doi:10.1186/s40885-023-00255-4 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Olson, S. W., Yoon, S. Y., Baker, T. P., Prince, L. K., Oliver, D. K., & Abbott, K. C. (2015) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje-15-0651 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Resistant or Refractory Hypertension: Are They Different?
Modolo, R., de Faria, A. P., Almeida, A. R., & Moreno, H. (2014) · Current Hypertension Reports · doi:10.1007/s11906-014-0485-1 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Armario, P., Oliveras, A., del Rey, R. H., Ruilope, L. M., & de la Sierra, A. (2011) · Medicina Clínica · doi:10.1016/j.medcli.2011.02.035 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Resistant Hypertension Updated Guidelines
Chernova, I., & Krishnan, N. (2019) · Current Cardiology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11886-019-1209-6 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
del Rey, R. H., Armario, P., Martín‐Baranera, M., & Castellanosa, P. (2006) · Medicina Clínica · doi:10.1157/13091263 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
de Rivas, B., Luque, M., Martell, N., Fernández, C., & Fernández‐Cruz, A. (2007) · Journal of Clinical Hypertension · doi:10.1111/j.1524-6175.2007.06694.x · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citationWho should be screened for primary aldosteronism? A comprehensive review of current evidence
Huang, W., Lin, Y., Wu, V., Chen, C., Siddique, S., Chia, Y. C., Tay, J. C., Guruprasad, S., Cheng, H., & Kario, K. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Hypertension · doi:10.1111/jch.14558 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Hipertensión arterial y síndrome metabólico
Otero, M. L., & Claros, N. M. (2004) · Medicina Clínica · doi:10.1016/s0025-7753(04)75336-1 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Egan, B. M., Kai, B., Wagner, C. S., Fleming, D. O., Henderson, J. H., Chandler, A. H., & Sinopoli, A. (2016) · Journal of Clinical Hypertension · doi:10.1111/jch.12904 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Epidemiologie und Ätiologie der therapieresistenten Hypertonie
Schirpenbach, C., & Reincke, M. (2008) · Der Internist · doi:10.1007/s00108-008-2194-9 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Weismann, D., Liu, D., Bergen, T., Peitzsch, M., Raida, A., Wagner, M., Faßnacht, M., Weidemann, F., & Allolio, B. (2014) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/cen.12536 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Difficult-to-Treat or Resistant Hypertension: Etiology, Pathophysiology, and Innovative Therapies
Papademetriou, V., Tsioufis, C. P., Gradman, A. H., & Punzi, H. A. (2011) · International Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.4061/2011/438198 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Hipertensión arterial refractaria verdadera. Estudio de prevalencia en una consulta hospitalaria
Gonzalez-Benitez, M. A., Fernández-Sánchez, M. L., Fernández-Parrilla, R., Beltrán-Robles, M., Guerrero, A. J. R., Olivari, D. J., Llanes, J. O., & Reina, A. G. (2005) · Hipertensión · doi:10.1016/s0212-8241(05)71562-0 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Turkish Society of Cardiology Consensus Paper on Evaluation and Treatment of Resistant Hypertension
Şahinarslan, A. (2020) · The Anatolian Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.14744/anatoljcardiol.2020.74154 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Rates of Pheochromocytoma/Paraganglioma Screening in At-Risk Populations
Grigoryan, S., Nhan, W., Zhang, L., Urban, C., Zhao, L., & Turcu, A. F. (2022) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgac701 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Estimación de riesgo cardiovascular en pacientes con síndrome metabólico (SM)
Ruiz‐Villaverde, G. (2009) · Medwave · doi:10.5867/medwave.2009.03.3839 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Hipertensión arterial refractaria
García, P. A., & del Rey, R. H. (2006) · Hipertensión y Riesgo Vascular · doi:10.1016/s1889-1837(06)71632-4 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Primary Aldosteronism: A Field on the Move
Doumas, M. N., & Δούμα, Σ. (2016) · Updates in hypertension and cardiovascular protection · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-34141-5_2 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Kvapil, T., Kociánová, E., Ramík, Z., Olšr, J., Rada, M., Flašík, J., Modrák, M., Jelínek, L., Mizera, J., & Václavík, J. (2026) · Blood Pressure · doi:10.1080/08037051.2026.2612792 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Approach to Hypertension: Diagnosis and Investigation
Chhabra, R., Sofat, R., Hingorani, A. D., & Cross, J. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-76419-7_15 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Hipertensión arterial y síndrome metabólico
Caro, J. L. L., & Otero, M. L. (2006) · Medicina de Familia SEMERGEN · doi:10.1016/s1138-3593(06)73224-5 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Setaro, J. F. (2007) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4160-3053-9.50049-4 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Obese Patient in Intensive Care Unit
Koutsoukou, A., Kyriakopoulou, M., Kotanidou, A. N., & Ekonomidou, F. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-8503-2_19-1
Papel de la MAPA en el manejo de la hipertensión arterial resistente
Armario, P. (2010) · Hipertensión y Riesgo Vascular · doi:10.1016/s1889-1837(10)70007-6
Diagnosis and Investigation of the Hypertensive Patient
George, M. J., Sofat, R., Hingorani, A. D., & MacAllister, R. J. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4471-5547-8_11
Gorostidi, M., Segura, J., Fernández‐Pérez, L., Guerrero, L., & Armario, P. (2016)
Pression artérielle : un contrôle difficile
Stöckli, R., Zeller, A., & Battegay, E. (2008) · Forum Médical Suisse ‒ Swiss Medical Forum · doi:10.4414/fms.2008.06516
Acelajado, M. C., & Calhoun, D. A. (2012) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4557-0101-8.00031-x
Hipertensión arterial refractaria verdadera. Estudio de prevalencia en una consulta hospitalaria
Gonzalez-Benitez, M. A., Fernández-Sánchez, M. L., Fernández-Parrilla, R., Beltrán-Robles, M., Guerrero, A. J. R., Olivari, D. J., Llanes, J. O., & Reina, A. G. (2005) · Hipertensión y Riesgo Vascular · doi:10.1016/s1889-1837(05)71849-3
(2009) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781444317176.refs
Obese Patient in Intensive Care Unit
Koutsoukou, A., Kyriakopoulou, M., Kotanidou, A. N., & Economidou, F. N. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-7836-2_19
Hipertensión arterial refractaria
García, P. A., & del Rey, R. H. (2006) · Hipertensión · doi:10.1016/s0212-8241(06)71749-2
Predictive Modeling of Resistant Hypertension Risk: Incorporating the TyG Index and Clinical FactorsPreprint
Yang, H.-T., Liu, J., Yang, Y., Zheng, Y., & Xie, X. (2023) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2023.11.03.23298071
Kvapil, T., Kociánová, E., Ramík, Z., Olšr, J., Vácha, J., Jelínek, L., & Václavík, J. (2026) · Cor et Vasa · doi:10.33678/cor.2025.091
- Authors
- MARTELL, N., RODRIGUEZ-CERRILLO, M., GROBBEE, D. E., LÓPEZ-EADY, M. D., FERNÁNDEZ-PINILLA, C., AVILA, M., FERNANDEZ-CRUZ, A., & LUQUE, M.
- Affiliations
- Hospital Clínico San Carlos (ES)
- University Medical Center Utrecht (NL)
- Venue
- Blood Pressure
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2003-01
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 149-154
- ISSN
- 0803-7051 (ISSN-L)
- 1651-1999
- OpenAlex
- W2047812211
- Cited by
- 49
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 4 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 2.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Blood Pressure (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal Regulation and Hypertension
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Keywords
- resistant hypertension, secondary hypertension, insulin resistance, hyperaldosteronism, pheochromocytoma, white coat effect, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, oral glucose tolerance test, HOMA-IR, essential hypertension
- MeSH terms
- Adrenal Gland Neoplasms, Adult, Drug Resistance, Female, Glucose Tolerance Test, Humans, Hyperaldosteronism, Hypertension, Insulin Resistance, Male, Middle Aged, Pheochromocytoma, Prevalence, Case-Control Studies, Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
