CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 22Healthcare Decision-Making and RestraintsPsychiatric care and mental health servicesElectroconvulsive Therapy Studies

Coercion in psychiatry: the importance of extramural factors

Andersen, Kjeld, Nielsen, Bent·2016·Nordic Journal of Psychiatry
DOI 10.1080/08039488.2016.1190401
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Mechanical restraints and forced procedures in psychiatric wards are of major concern in Denmark and there is a desire to reduce these procedures to a minimum. So far, focus has primarily been on identifying and changing internal (intramural) factors when seeking to reduce coercion. AIM: To identify possible external (extramural) factors that may increase the risk of coercion during admission to a closed psychiatric ward. METHOD: Using a retrospective case-controlled design, 235 patients admitted to a closed ward during 2011-2013 were randomly selected. Coercion comprised belt restraint, physical restraint, and forced medication. The data source was the electronic patient records, which include statutory information on all forced measures. Multiple logistic regression analyses were applied to calculate the risk (odds ratio, OR (95% confidence interval)) of forced measures being used. RESULTS: Out of the 235 patients, 66 (28%) were subject to coercion. The time of forced procedures was predominately during the first hours after admission. The risk of forced measures being applied was significantly higher if patients were involuntarily admitted (OR = 6.4 (3.4-11.9)), or were acutely intoxicated by substances at the time of admission (OR = 3.7 (1.7-8.2)). CONCLUSION: Extramural factors should be included when mental health authorities plan efforts to reduce coercion during admission to psychiatric wards. A reduced threshold for admission and improved integrated effort between mental health services and treatment for substance abuse could improve the course of disease for this group of patients and reduce the need for involuntary admissions and subsequently coercion.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1080/08039488.2016.1190401

Cites

20 of 20 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Once a person was admitted as an involuntary patient they were more likely to be subject to use of coercive treatment modalities such as restraint and seclusion than people admitted on a voluntary basis.

    “A similar cycle of coercive care provision may also be evident during admission, with the available literature indicating that once a person was admitted as an involuntary patient they were more likely to be subject to use of coercive treatment modalities such as restraint and seclusion than people admitted on a voluntary basis (34,76–88), and may be more likely to display aggressive behaviours (”

    From The benefits and harms of inpatient involuntary psychiatric treatment: a scoping review (2025) · cites this paper as [77]

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Authors
Andersen, K., & Nielsen, B.
Affiliations
University of Southern Denmark (DK)
Corresponding author
Andersen, Kjeld
ORCID
Venue
Nordic Journal of Psychiatry
Publisher
Informa UK Limited
Published
2016-06-10
Volume
70
Issue
8
Pages
606-610
ISSN
  • 0029-1455 (ISSN-L)
  • 0803-9488
  • 1502-4725
DOI
10.1080/08039488.2016.1190401
OpenAlex
W2418671311
Cited by
22
References
20
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 3
FWCI
4.01
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Nordic Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • University of Southern Denmark Research Portal (University of Southern Denmark) (submittedVersion)
Funders
The Danish Health Authority (Sundhedsstyrelsen)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Healthcare Decision-Making and Restraints
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychiatric care and mental health services
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Electroconvulsive Therapy Studies
Keywords
coercion in mental health care, physical restraint, forced medication, involuntary admission, substance intoxication, Denmark
MeSH terms
Adult, Mental Disorders, Coercion, Commitment of Persons with Psychiatric Disorders, Denmark, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Male, Mental Health Services, Middle Aged, Psychiatric Department, Hospital, Psychiatry, Restraint, Physical, Retrospective Studies, Case-Control Studies

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review