The DOI matches its Crossref record; 78 of the 78 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Molecularization of Race: Institutionalizing Human Difference in Pharmacogenetics Practice
Abstract
In the contemporary United States an increasingly palpable scientific trend to individualize medicine has ushered in new debates on the biological basis of race. Medical researchers, consumers, and...
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
From the New York Times Magazine
Minsky, & Hyman, P. (1979) · Cited by 6,899
(1994) · Cited by 6,200
Sorting Things Out: Classification and Its Consequences
Bowker, G. C., & Star, S. L. (1999) · doi:10.7551/mitpress/6352.001.0001 · Cited by 6,188
Purity and Danger: An Analysis of Concepts of Pollution and Taboo
McCormack, W., & Douglas, M. (1967) · Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion · doi:10.2307/1384077 · Cited by 5,752
Outline of a Theory of Practice
BOURDIEU, P. (2007) · On Violence · doi:10.2307/j.ctv120qr2d.16 · Cited by 5,527
Sorting Things Out: Classification and Its Consequences
(2000) · The Journal of Academic Librarianship · doi:10.1016/s0099-1333(00)00155-5 · Cited by 5,210
Latour, B., & Douglas, M. (1988) · Contemporary Sociology · doi:10.2307/2069673 · Cited by 2,709
Pharmacogenomics: Translating Functional Genomics into Rational Therapeutics
Evans, W. E., & Relling, M. V. (1999) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.286.5439.487 · Cited by 2,475
The Apportionment of Human Diversity
Lewontin, R. C. (1972) · Evolutionary Biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-9063-3_14 · Cited by 2,472
An 'American psychologist': (312492004-035)
O'Connor, E. (2001) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e312492004-035 · Cited by 2,342
Cited by
THE EMERGENCE OF MULTISPECIES ETHNOGRAPHY
KIRKSEY, S. E., & HELMREICH, S. (2010) · Cultural Anthropology · doi:10.1111/j.1548-1360.2010.01069.x · Cited by 2,247
How race becomes biology: Embodiment of social inequality
Gravlee, C. C. (2009) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.20983 · Cited by 625
Towards a critical race methodology in algorithmic fairness
Hanna, A., Denton, R., Smart, A., & Smith-Loud, J. (2020) · Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency · doi:10.1145/3351095.3372826 · Cited by 295
“tories of racial taxonomies and reify racial categories as natural kinds [19, 30, 42, 43, 78, 100, 111].”
Racial Categories in Medical Practice: How Useful Are They?
Braun, L., Fausto-Sterling, A., Fullwiley, D., Hammonds, E. M., Nelson, A., Quivers, W., Reverby, S. M., & Shields, A. E. (2007) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0040271 · Cited by 236
Self-citationA post‐genomic surprise. The molecular reinscription of race in science, law and medicine
Duster, T. (2015) · The British Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1111/1468-4446.12118 · Cited by 226
Metadata
- Authors
- Fullwiley, D.
- Venue
- Science as Culture
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2007-03
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-30
- ISSN
- 0950-5431 (ISSN-L)
- 1470-1189
- OpenAlex
- W1973516668
- Cited by
- 266
- References
- 78
- FWCI
- 6.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The Molecularization of Race: Institutionalizing Human Difference in Pharmacogenetics Practice. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1080/09505430601180847
- The paper
- Fullwiley, D. (2007). The Molecularization of Race: Institutionalizing Human Difference in Pharmacogenetics Practice. Science as Culture. https://doi.org/10.1080/09505430601180847
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.